resolves #907 write to file by default if input is file

- write to file by default if input is file
- use to_file option to control whether file is written instead of in_place
- prevent input file from being overwritten

5 files changed, 134 insertions, 116 deletions

diff --git a/lib/asciidoctor.rb b/lib/asciidoctor.rb
index 2755cfb7..c0a375c7 100644
--- a/lib/asciidoctor.rb
+++ b/lib/asciidoctor.rb
@@ -1214,7 +1214,8 @@ module Asciidoctor
     if input.is_a? ::File
       lines = input.readlines
       input_mtime = input.mtime
-      input_path = ::File.expand_path input.path
+      input = ::File.new ::File.expand_path input.path
+      input_path = input.path
       # hold off on setting infile and indir until we get a better sense of their purpose
       attributes['docfile'] = input_path
       attributes['docdir'] = ::File.dirname input_path
@@ -1293,21 +1294,29 @@ module Asciidoctor
   # file, otherwise the converted String
   def convert input, options = {}
     options = options.dup
-    in_place = options.delete(:in_place) || false
     to_file = options.delete(:to_file)
     to_dir = options.delete(:to_dir)
     mkdirs = options.delete(:mkdirs) || false
     timings = options[:timings]
 
-    write_in_place = in_place && input.is_a?(::File)
-    write_to_target = to_file || to_dir
-    stream_output = to_file && to_file.respond_to?(:write)
-
-    if write_in_place && write_to_target
-      raise ::ArgumentError, 'the option :in_place cannot be used with either the :to_dir or :to_file option'
+    case to_file
+    when true, nil
+      write_to_same_dir = !to_dir && (input.is_a? ::File)
+      stream_output = false
+      write_to_target = to_dir
+      to_file = nil
+    when false
+      write_to_same_dir = false
+      stream_output = false
+      write_to_target = false
+      to_file = nil
+    else
+      write_to_same_dir = false
+      stream_output = to_file.respond_to? :write
+      write_to_target = stream_output ? false : to_file
     end
 
-    if !options.has_key?(:header_footer) && (write_in_place || write_to_target)
+    if !options.key?(:header_footer) && (write_to_same_dir || write_to_target)
       options[:header_footer] = true
     end
 
@@ -1315,57 +1324,56 @@ module Asciidoctor
 
     if to_file == '/dev/null'
       return doc
-    elsif write_in_place
-      to_file = ::File.join(::File.dirname(input.path), "#{doc.attributes['docname']}#{doc.attributes['outfilesuffix']}")
-    elsif !stream_output && write_to_target
+    elsif write_to_same_dir
+      infile = ::File.expand_path input.path
+      outfile = ::File.join ::File.dirname(infile), %(#{doc.attributes['docname']}#{doc.attributes['outfilesuffix']})
+      if outfile == infile
+        raise ::IOError, 'Input file and output file are the same!'
+      end
+      outdir = ::File.dirname outfile
+    elsif write_to_target
       working_dir = options.has_key?(:base_dir) ? ::File.expand_path(options[:base_dir]) : ::File.expand_path(::Dir.pwd)
       # QUESTION should the jail be the working_dir or doc.base_dir???
       jail = doc.safe >= SafeMode::SAFE ? working_dir : nil
       if to_dir
-        to_dir = doc.normalize_system_path(to_dir, working_dir, jail, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
+        outdir = doc.normalize_system_path(to_dir, working_dir, jail, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
         if to_file
-          to_file = doc.normalize_system_path(to_file, to_dir, nil, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
-          # reestablish to_dir as the final target directory (in the case to_file had directory segments)
-          to_dir = ::File.dirname(to_file)
+          outfile = doc.normalize_system_path(to_file, outdir, nil, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
+          # reestablish outdir as the final target directory (in the case to_file had directory segments)
+          outdir = ::File.dirname outfile
         else
-          to_file = ::File.join(to_dir, "#{doc.attributes['docname']}#{doc.attributes['outfilesuffix']}")
+          outfile = ::File.join outdir, %(#{doc.attributes['docname']}#{doc.attributes['outfilesuffix']})
         end
       elsif to_file
-        to_file = doc.normalize_system_path(to_file, working_dir, jail, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
-        # establish to_dir as the final target directory (in the case to_file had directory segments)
-        to_dir = ::File.dirname(to_file)
+        outfile = doc.normalize_system_path(to_file, working_dir, jail, :target_name => 'to_dir', :recover => false)
+        # establish outdir as the final target directory (in the case to_file had directory segments)
+        outdir = ::File.dirname outfile
       end
 
-      if !::File.directory? to_dir
+      unless ::File.directory? outdir
         if mkdirs
-          ::FileUtils.mkdir_p to_dir
+          ::FileUtils.mkdir_p outdir
         else
-          raise ::IOError, "target directory does not exist: #{to_dir}"
+          # NOTE we intentionally refer to the directory as it was passed to the API
+          raise ::IOError, %(target directory does not exist: #{to_dir})
         end
       end
+    else
+      outfile = to_file
+      outdir = nil
     end
 
-    # concept::
-    #if to_file
-    #  doc.convert_to to_file, :timings => timings
-    #  # write stylesheets
-    #  doc
-    #else
-    #  doc.convert, :timings => timings
-    #end
-
     timings.start :convert if timings
     output = doc.convert
     timings.record :convert if timings
 
-    if to_file
+    if outfile
       timings.start :write if timings
       unless stream_output
-        to_file = ::File.expand_path to_file
-        doc.attributes['outfile'] = ::File.expand_path to_file
-        doc.attributes['outdir'] = ::File.dirname to_file
+        doc.attributes['outfile'] = outfile
+        doc.attributes['outdir'] = outdir
       end
-      doc.write output, to_file
+      doc.write output, outfile
       timings.record :write if timings
 
       # NOTE document cannot control this behavior if safe >= SafeMode::SERVER
diff --git a/lib/asciidoctor/cli/invoker.rb b/lib/asciidoctor/cli/invoker.rb
index 924ce661..1cb02606 100644
--- a/lib/asciidoctor/cli/invoker.rb
+++ b/lib/asciidoctor/cli/invoker.rb
@@ -79,15 +79,14 @@ module Asciidoctor
           tofile = outfile
           opts[:mkdirs] = true
         else
+          # automatically calculate outfile based on infile unless to_dir is set
           tofile = nil
-          # automatically calculate outfile based on infile
-          opts[:in_place] = true unless opts.has_key? :to_dir
           opts[:mkdirs] = true
         end
 
         inputs.each do |input|
           # NOTE processor will dup options and attributes internally
-          input_opts = tofile ? opts.merge(:to_file => tofile) : opts
+          input_opts = tofile.nil? ? opts : opts.merge(:to_file => tofile)
           if show_timings
             timings = Timings.new
             @documents << ::Asciidoctor.convert(input, input_opts.merge(:timings => timings))
diff --git a/lib/asciidoctor/cli/options.rb b/lib/asciidoctor/cli/options.rb
index 31d4cb18..542587b3 100644
--- a/lib/asciidoctor/cli/options.rb
+++ b/lib/asciidoctor/cli/options.rb
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ Example: asciidoctor -b html5 source.asciidoc
                   file = file.tr '\\', '/'
                 end
                 if (matches = ::Dir.glob file).empty?
-                  $stderr.puts "asciidoctor: FAILED: input file #{file} missing or cannot be read"
+                  $stderr.puts %(asciidoctor: FAILED: input file #{file} missing or cannot be read)
                   return 1
                 end
               end
@@ -174,13 +174,15 @@ Example: asciidoctor -b html5 source.asciidoc
 
         infiles.each do |file|
           unless file == '-' || (::File.readable? file)
-            $stderr.puts "asciidoctor: FAILED: input file #{file} missing or cannot be read"
+            $stderr.puts %(asciidoctor: FAILED: input file #{file} missing or cannot be read)
             return 1
           end
         end
 
         self[:input_files] = infiles
 
+        self.delete(:attributes) if self[:attributes].empty?
+
         if self[:template_dirs]
           begin
             require 'tilt' unless defined? ::Tilt
diff --git a/lib/asciidoctor/document.rb b/lib/asciidoctor/document.rb
index 85fdb7cb..a902d28c 100644
--- a/lib/asciidoctor/document.rb
+++ b/lib/asciidoctor/document.rb
@@ -845,6 +845,7 @@ class Document < AbstractBlock
     end
   end
 
+  # TODO document me
   def create_converter
     converter_opts = {}
     converter_opts[:htmlsyntax] = @attributes['htmlsyntax']
diff --git a/test/document_test.rb b/test/document_test.rb
index 0e41e7f2..cf887f0b 100644
--- a/test/document_test.rb
+++ b/test/document_test.rb
@@ -255,11 +255,11 @@ preamble
     end
   end
 
-  context 'Render APIs' do
-    test 'should render document to string' do
+  context 'Convert APIs' do
+    test 'should convert source document to string when to_file is false' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :header_footer => true)
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :header_footer => true, :to_file => false
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_xpath '/html', output, 1
       assert_xpath '/html/head', output, 1
@@ -270,19 +270,19 @@ preamble
 
     test 'should accept attributes as array' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :attributes => %w(numbered idprefix idseparator=-))
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :attributes => %w(numbered idprefix idseparator=-), :to_file => false
       assert_css '#section-a', output, 1
     end
 
     test 'should accept attributes as string' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :attributes => 'numbered idprefix idseparator=-')
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :attributes => 'numbered idprefix idseparator=-', :to_file => false
       assert_css '#section-a', output, 1
     end
 
     test 'should link to default stylesheet by default when safe mode is SECURE or greater' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :header_footer => true)
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :header_footer => true, :to_file => false
       assert_css 'html:root > head > link[rel="stylesheet"][href="./asciidoctor.css"]', output, 1
     end
 
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ text
 
     test 'should embed default stylesheet if safe mode is less than secure and linkcss is unset' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :header_footer => true,
-          :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE, :attributes => {'linkcss!' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :header_footer => true, :to_file => false,
+          :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE, :attributes => {'linkcss!' => ''}
       assert_css 'html:root > head > style', output, 1
       stylenode = xmlnodes_at_css 'html:root > head > style', output, 1
       styles = stylenode.first.content
@@ -370,19 +370,19 @@ text
 
     test 'should resolve custom stylesheet to embed relative to stylesdir' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE,
-          :attributes => {'stylesheet' => 'custom.css', 'stylesdir' => './stylesheets', 'linkcss!' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE, :to_file => false,
+          :attributes => {'stylesheet' => 'custom.css', 'stylesdir' => './stylesheets', 'linkcss!' => ''}
       stylenode = xmlnodes_at_css 'html:root > head > style', output, 1
       styles = stylenode.first.content
       assert !styles.nil?
       assert !styles.strip.empty?
     end
 
-    test 'should render document in place' do
+    test 'should convert source file and write result to adjacent file by default' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       sample_output_path = fixture_path('sample.html')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :in_place => true)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path
         assert File.exist?(sample_output_path)
         output = File.read(sample_output_path)
         assert !output.empty?
@@ -396,11 +396,11 @@ text
       end
     end
 
-    test 'should render document to file' do
+    test 'should convert source file and write to specified file' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       sample_output_path = fixture_path('result.html')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_file => sample_output_path)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => sample_output_path
         assert File.exist?(sample_output_path)
         output = File.read(sample_output_path)
         assert !output.empty?
@@ -414,12 +414,12 @@ text
       end
     end
 
-    test 'should render document to file when base dir is set' do
+    test 'should convert source file and write to specified file in base_dir' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       sample_output_path = fixture_path('result.html')
       fixture_dir = fixture_path('')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_file => 'result.html', :base_dir => fixture_dir)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => 'result.html', :base_dir => fixture_dir
         assert File.exist?(sample_output_path)
         output = File.read(sample_output_path)
         assert !output.empty?
@@ -435,27 +435,25 @@ text
       end
     end
 
-    test 'in_place option must not be used with to_file option' do
+    test 'in_place option is ignored when to_file is specified' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       sample_output_path = fixture_path('result.html')
-      assert_raise ArgumentError do
-        begin
-          Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_file => sample_output_path, :in_place => true)
-        ensure
-          FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
-        end
+      begin
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => sample_output_path, :in_place => true
+        assert File.exist?(sample_output_path)
+      ensure
+        FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
       end
     end
 
-    test 'in_place option must not be used with to_dir option' do
+    test 'in_place option is ignored when to_dir is specified' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
-      sample_output_path = fixture_path('result.html')
-      assert_raise ArgumentError do
-        begin
-          Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_dir => '', :in_place => true)
-        ensure
-          FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
-        end
+      sample_output_path = fixture_path('sample.html')
+      begin
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_dir => File.dirname(sample_output_path), :in_place => true
+        assert File.exist?(sample_output_path)
+      ensure
+        FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
       end
     end
 
@@ -465,7 +463,7 @@ text
       Dir.mkdir output_dir if !File.exist? output_dir
       sample_output_path = File.join(output_dir, 'sample.html')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_dir => output_dir)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_dir => output_dir
         assert File.exist? sample_output_path
       ensure
         FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@ text
       output_dir = File.join(File.join(File.dirname(sample_input_path), 'test_output'), 'subdir')
       sample_output_path = File.join(output_dir, 'sample.html')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_dir => output_dir, :mkdirs => true)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_dir => output_dir, :mkdirs => true
         assert File.exist? sample_output_path
       ensure
         FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
@@ -487,6 +485,15 @@ text
       end
     end
 
+    # TODO need similar test for when to_dir is specified
+    test 'should raise exception if an attempt is made to overwrite input file' do
+      sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
+
+      assert_raise IOError do
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :attributes => { 'outfilesuffix' => '.asciidoc' }
+      end
+    end
+
     test 'to_file should be relative to to_dir when both given' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       base_dir = File.dirname(sample_input_path)
@@ -495,7 +502,7 @@ text
       Dir.mkdir output_dir if !File.exist? output_dir
       sample_output_path = File.join(base_dir, sample_rel_output_path)
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path, :to_dir => base_dir, :to_file => sample_rel_output_path)
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_dir => base_dir, :to_file => sample_rel_output_path
         assert File.exist? sample_output_path
       ensure
         FileUtils.rm(sample_output_path) if File.exist? sample_output_path
@@ -505,12 +512,13 @@ text
 
     test 'should not modify options argument' do
       options = {
-        :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE
+        :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SAFE,
+        :to_file => false
       }
       options.freeze
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('sample.asciidoc')
       begin
-        Asciidoctor.render_file sample_input_path, options
+        Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, options
       rescue
         flunk %(options argument should not be modified)
       end
@@ -521,20 +529,20 @@ text
     test 'should include docinfo files for html backend' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'script[src="modernizr.js"]', output, 1
       assert_css 'meta[http-equiv="imagetoolbar"]', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'script[src="modernizr.js"]', output, 0
       assert_css 'meta[http-equiv="imagetoolbar"]', output, 1
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'script[src="modernizr.js"]', output, 1
       assert_css 'meta[http-equiv="imagetoolbar"]', output, 1
@@ -543,14 +551,14 @@ text
     test 'should include docinfo files for docbook backend' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'productname', output, 0
       assert_css 'copyright', output, 1
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'productname', output, 1
       assert_xpath '//xmlns:productname[text()="Asciidoctor™"]', output, 1
@@ -558,8 +566,8 @@ text
       assert_xpath '//xmlns:edition[text()="1.0"]', output, 1 # verifies substitutions are performed
       assert_css 'copyright', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'productname', output, 1
       assert_xpath '//xmlns:productname[text()="Asciidoctor™"]', output, 1
@@ -571,20 +579,20 @@ text
     test 'should include docinfo footer files for html backend' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'body script', output, 1
       assert_css 'a#top', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'body script', output, 0
       assert_css 'a#top', output, 1
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'body script', output, 1
       assert_css 'a#top', output, 1
@@ -593,21 +601,21 @@ text
     test 'should include docinfo footer files for docbook backend' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'article > revhistory', output, 1
       assert_xpath '/xmlns:article/xmlns:revhistory/xmlns:revision/xmlns:revnumber[text()="1.0"]', output, 1 # verifies substitutions are performed
       assert_css 'glossary#_glossary', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo1' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'article > revhistory', output, 0
       assert_css 'glossary#_glossary', output, 1
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'article > revhistory', output, 1
       assert_xpath '/xmlns:article/xmlns:revhistory/xmlns:revision/xmlns:revnumber[text()="1.0"]', output, 1 # verifies substitutions are performed
@@ -629,8 +637,8 @@ text
           Encoding.default_external = 'US-ASCII'
           Asciidoctor::FORCE_ENCODING = true
         end
-        output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-            :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+        output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+            :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
         assert !output.empty?
         assert_css 'productname', output, 1
         assert_css 'edition', output, 1
@@ -648,14 +656,14 @@ text
     test 'should not include docinfo files by default' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER)
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'script[src="modernizr.js"]', output, 0
       assert_css 'meta[http-equiv="imagetoolbar"]', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER)
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :safe => Asciidoctor::SafeMode::SERVER
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'productname', output, 0
       assert_css 'copyright', output, 0
@@ -664,14 +672,14 @@ text
     test 'should not include docinfo files if safe mode is SECURE or greater' do
       sample_input_path = fixture_path('basic.asciidoc')
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'script[src="modernizr.js"]', output, 0
       assert_css 'meta[http-equiv="imagetoolbar"]', output, 0
 
-      output = Asciidoctor.render_file(sample_input_path,
-          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''})
+      output = Asciidoctor.convert_file sample_input_path, :to_file => false,
+          :header_footer => true, :backend => 'docbook', :attributes => {'docinfo2' => ''}
       assert !output.empty?
       assert_css 'productname', output, 0
       assert_css 'copyright', output, 0
@@ -1097,7 +1105,7 @@ content
 content
       EOS
 
-      result = render_string input, :header_footer => false, :attributes => {'notitle!' => ''}
+      result = render_embedded_string input, :attributes => {'notitle!' => ''}
       assert_xpath '/html', result, 0
       assert_xpath '/h1', result, 1
       assert_xpath '/*[@id="header"]', result, 0
@@ -1114,7 +1122,7 @@ content
 content
       EOS
 
-      result = render_string input, :header_footer => false, :attributes => {'showtitle' => ''}
+      result = render_embedded_string input, :attributes => {'showtitle' => ''}
       assert_xpath '/html', result, 0
       assert_xpath '/h1', result, 1
       assert_xpath '/*[@id="header"]', result, 0
@@ -1166,7 +1174,7 @@ finally a reference to the second footnote footnoteref:[note2].
 Text that has supporting information{empty}footnote:[An example footnote.].
       EOS
 
-      output = render_string input, :header_footer => false
+      output = render_embedded_string input
       assert_css '#footnotes', output, 1
     end
 
@@ -1175,7 +1183,7 @@ Text that has supporting information{empty}footnote:[An example footnote.].
 Text that has supporting information{empty}footnote:[An example footnote.].
       EOS
 
-      output = render_string input, :header_footer => false, :attributes => {'nofootnotes' => ''}
+      output = render_embedded_string input, :attributes => {'nofootnotes' => ''}
       assert_css '#footnotes', output, 0
     end
   end