Split out four new crates (#5302)

325 files changed, 9751 insertions, 8800 deletions

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 0f5f255f..3d9e7d00 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2668,68 +2668,16 @@ checksum = "6af6ae20167a9ece4bcb41af5b80f8a1f1df981f6391189ce00fd257af04126a"
 name = "typst"
 version = "0.12.0"
 dependencies = [
- "arrayvec",
- "az",
- "bitflags 2.6.0",
- "bumpalo",
- "chinese-number",
- "ciborium",
  "comemo",
- "csv",
  "ecow",
- "flate2",
- "fontdb",
- "hayagriva",
- "hypher",
- "icu_properties",
- "icu_provider",
- "icu_provider_adapters",
- "icu_provider_blob",
- "icu_segmenter",
- "if_chain",
- "image",
- "indexmap 2.6.0",
- "kamadak-exif",
- "kurbo",
- "lipsum",
- "log",
- "once_cell",
- "palette",
- "phf",
- "png",
- "portable-atomic",
- "qcms",
- "rayon",
- "regex",
- "roxmltree",
- "rust_decimal",
- "rustybuzz",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
- "serde_yaml 0.9.34+deprecated",
- "siphasher 1.0.1",
- "smallvec",
- "stacker",
- "syntect",
- "time",
- "toml",
- "ttf-parser",
- "two-face",
- "typed-arena",
- "typst-assets",
- "typst-dev-assets",
+ "typst-eval",
+ "typst-layout",
+ "typst-library",
  "typst-macros",
+ "typst-realize",
  "typst-syntax",
  "typst-timing",
  "typst-utils",
- "unicode-bidi",
- "unicode-math-class",
- "unicode-script",
- "unicode-segmentation",
- "unscanny",
- "usvg",
- "wasmi",
- "xmlwriter",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2769,7 +2717,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "tempfile",
  "toml",
  "typst",
- "typst-assets",
+ "typst-eval",
  "typst-kit",
  "typst-macros",
  "typst-pdf",
@@ -2791,7 +2739,6 @@ name = "typst-docs"
 version = "0.12.0"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
- "comemo",
  "ecow",
  "heck",
  "once_cell",
@@ -2810,6 +2757,24 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "typst-eval"
+version = "0.12.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "comemo",
+ "ecow",
+ "if_chain",
+ "indexmap 2.6.0",
+ "stacker",
+ "toml",
+ "typst-library",
+ "typst-macros",
+ "typst-syntax",
+ "typst-timing",
+ "typst-utils",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "typst-fuzz"
 version = "0.12.0"
 dependencies = [
@@ -2834,6 +2799,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "typst",
  "typst-assets",
  "typst-dev-assets",
+ "typst-eval",
  "unscanny",
 ]
 
@@ -2850,14 +2816,104 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "openssl",
  "tar",
- "typst",
  "typst-assets",
+ "typst-library",
+ "typst-syntax",
  "typst-timing",
  "typst-utils",
  "ureq",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "typst-layout"
+version = "0.12.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "az",
+ "bumpalo",
+ "comemo",
+ "ecow",
+ "hypher",
+ "icu_properties",
+ "icu_provider",
+ "icu_provider_adapters",
+ "icu_provider_blob",
+ "icu_segmenter",
+ "kurbo",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustybuzz",
+ "smallvec",
+ "ttf-parser",
+ "typst-assets",
+ "typst-library",
+ "typst-macros",
+ "typst-syntax",
+ "typst-timing",
+ "typst-utils",
+ "unicode-bidi",
+ "unicode-math-class",
+ "unicode-script",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typst-library"
+version = "0.12.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "az",
+ "bitflags 2.6.0",
+ "bumpalo",
+ "chinese-number",
+ "ciborium",
+ "comemo",
+ "csv",
+ "ecow",
+ "flate2",
+ "fontdb",
+ "hayagriva",
+ "icu_properties",
+ "icu_provider",
+ "icu_provider_blob",
+ "image",
+ "indexmap 2.6.0",
+ "kamadak-exif",
+ "kurbo",
+ "lipsum",
+ "once_cell",
+ "palette",
+ "phf",
+ "png",
+ "qcms",
+ "rayon",
+ "regex",
+ "roxmltree",
+ "rust_decimal",
+ "rustybuzz",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_yaml 0.9.34+deprecated",
+ "siphasher 1.0.1",
+ "smallvec",
+ "syntect",
+ "time",
+ "toml",
+ "ttf-parser",
+ "two-face",
+ "typed-arena",
+ "typst-assets",
+ "typst-dev-assets",
+ "typst-macros",
+ "typst-syntax",
+ "typst-timing",
+ "typst-utils",
+ "unicode-math-class",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
+ "unscanny",
+ "usvg",
+ "wasmi",
+ "xmlwriter",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "typst-macros"
 version = "0.12.0"
 dependencies = [
@@ -2885,15 +2941,33 @@ dependencies = [
  "subsetter",
  "svg2pdf",
  "ttf-parser",
- "typst",
  "typst-assets",
+ "typst-library",
  "typst-macros",
+ "typst-syntax",
  "typst-timing",
- "unscanny",
+ "typst-utils",
  "xmp-writer",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
+name = "typst-realize"
+version = "0.12.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "arrayvec",
+ "bumpalo",
+ "comemo",
+ "ecow",
+ "once_cell",
+ "regex",
+ "typst-library",
+ "typst-macros",
+ "typst-syntax",
+ "typst-timing",
+ "typst-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
 name = "typst-render"
 version = "0.12.0"
 dependencies = [
@@ -2902,13 +2976,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "image",
  "pixglyph",
  "resvg",
- "roxmltree",
  "tiny-skia",
  "ttf-parser",
- "typst",
+ "typst-library",
  "typst-macros",
  "typst-timing",
- "usvg",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2920,9 +2992,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "ecow",
  "flate2",
  "ttf-parser",
- "typst",
+ "typst-library",
  "typst-macros",
  "typst-timing",
+ "typst-utils",
  "xmlparser",
  "xmlwriter",
 ]
@@ -2935,6 +3008,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "once_cell",
  "serde",
  "toml",
+ "typst-timing",
  "typst-utils",
  "unicode-ident",
  "unicode-math-class",
@@ -2956,10 +3030,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "rayon",
  "regex",
  "tiny-skia",
- "ttf-parser",
  "typst",
  "typst-assets",
  "typst-dev-assets",
+ "typst-library",
  "typst-pdf",
  "typst-render",
  "typst-svg",
@@ -2974,7 +3048,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "parking_lot",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
- "typst-syntax",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index bbbc98d1..753ca0f2 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,10 +18,14 @@ readme = "README.md"
 [workspace.dependencies]
 typst = { path = "crates/typst", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-cli = { path = "crates/typst-cli", version = "0.12.0" }
+typst-eval = { path = "crates/typst-eval", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-ide = { path = "crates/typst-ide", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-kit = { path = "crates/typst-kit", version = "0.12.0" }
+typst-layout = { path = "crates/typst-layout", version = "0.12.0" }
+typst-library = { path = "crates/typst-library", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-macros = { path = "crates/typst-macros", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-pdf = { path = "crates/typst-pdf", version = "0.12.0" }
+typst-realize = { path = "crates/typst-realize", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-render = { path = "crates/typst-render", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-svg = { path = "crates/typst-svg", version = "0.12.0" }
 typst-syntax = { path = "crates/typst-syntax", version = "0.12.0" }
@@ -145,5 +149,8 @@ strip = true
 
 [workspace.lints.clippy]
 blocks_in_conditions = "allow"
+comparison_chain = "allow"
+manual_range_contains = "allow"
 mutable_key_type = "allow"
 uninlined_format_args = "warn"
+wildcard_in_or_patterns = "allow"
diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-cli/Cargo.toml
index 1c622d1e..855d7bee 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ doc = false
 
 [dependencies]
 typst = { workspace = true }
-typst-assets = { workspace = true, features = ["fonts"] }
+typst-eval = { workspace = true }
 typst-kit = { workspace = true }
 typst-macros = { workspace = true }
 typst-pdf = { workspace = true }
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ typst-svg = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
 chrono = { workspace = true }
 clap = { workspace = true }
-color-print = { workspace = true }
 codespan-reporting = { workspace = true }
+color-print = { workspace = true }
 comemo = { workspace = true }
 dirs = { workspace = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/src/main.rs b/crates/typst-cli/src/main.rs
index b14e687e..464ad624 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/src/main.rs
@@ -94,9 +94,10 @@ fn print_error(msg: &str) -> io::Result<()> {
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "self-update"))]
 mod update {
-    use crate::args::UpdateCommand;
     use typst::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 
+    use crate::args::UpdateCommand;
+
     pub fn update(_: &UpdateCommand) -> StrResult<()> {
         bail!(
             "self-updating is not enabled for this executable, \
diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/src/query.rs b/crates/typst-cli/src/query.rs
index ef3c7951..90d99a5a 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/src/query.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/src/query.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use comemo::Track;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use typst::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult, Warned};
-use typst::eval::{eval_string, EvalMode};
 use typst::foundations::{Content, IntoValue, LocatableSelector, Scope};
 use typst::model::Document;
 use typst::syntax::Span;
 use typst::World;
+use typst_eval::{eval_string, EvalMode};
 
 use crate::args::{QueryCommand, SerializationFormat};
 use crate::compile::print_diagnostics;
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ fn retrieve(
     document: &Document,
 ) -> HintedStrResult<Vec<Content>> {
     let selector = eval_string(
+        &typst::ROUTINES,
         world.track(),
         &command.selector,
         Span::detached(),
diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/src/timings.rs b/crates/typst-cli/src/timings.rs
index df7665b7..4446bbf9 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/src/timings.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/src/timings.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@ impl Timer {
         let writer = BufWriter::with_capacity(1 << 20, file);
 
         typst_timing::export_json(writer, |span| {
-            resolve_span(world, span).unwrap_or_else(|| ("unknown".to_string(), 0))
+            resolve_span(world, Span::from_raw(span))
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| ("unknown".to_string(), 0))
         })?;
 
         Ok(output)
diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/src/world.rs b/crates/typst-cli/src/world.rs
index bb491c02..b790f41a 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/src/world.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/src/world.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use typst::utils::LazyHash;
 use typst::{Library, World};
 use typst_kit::fonts::{FontSlot, Fonts};
 use typst_kit::package::PackageStorage;
-use typst_timing::{timed, TimingScope};
+use typst_timing::timed;
 
 use crate::args::{Input, SharedArgs};
 use crate::compile::ExportCache;
@@ -285,8 +285,6 @@ impl FileSlot {
         self.source.get_or_init(
             || read(self.id, project_root, package_storage),
             |data, prev| {
-                let name = if prev.is_some() { "reparsing file" } else { "parsing file" };
-                let _scope = TimingScope::new(name, None);
                 let text = decode_utf8(&data)?;
                 if let Some(mut prev) = prev {
                     prev.replace(text);
diff --git a/crates/typst-eval/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-eval/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12a6a6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+[package]
+name = "typst-eval"
+description = "Typst's code interpreter."
+version = { workspace = true }
+rust-version = { workspace = true }
+authors = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+categories = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+readme = { workspace = true }
+
+[dependencies]
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
+typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
+typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+comemo = { workspace = true }
+ecow = { workspace = true }
+if_chain = { workspace = true }
+indexmap = { workspace = true }
+toml = { workspace = true }
+unicode-segmentation = { workspace = true }
+
+[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
+stacker = { workspace = true }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/access.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/access.rs
index ab0a6491..9bcac4d6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/access.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/access.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use ecow::eco_format;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, Hint, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Dict, Value};
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, Hint, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
-use crate::eval::{Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{call_method_access, is_accessor_method, Dict, Value};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use crate::{call_method_access, is_accessor_method, Eval, Vm};
 
 /// Access an expression mutably.
 pub(crate) trait Access {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub(crate) fn access_dict<'a>(
                 Value::Symbol(_) | Value::Content(_) | Value::Module(_) | Value::Func(_)
             ) {
                 bail!(span, "cannot mutate fields on {ty}");
-            } else if crate::foundations::fields_on(ty).is_empty() {
+            } else if typst_library::foundations::fields_on(ty).is_empty() {
                 bail!(span, "{ty} does not have accessible fields");
             } else {
                 // type supports static fields, which don't yet have
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/binding.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/binding.rs
index 18468b9e..f3802f07 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/binding.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/binding.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 use ecow::eco_format;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Array, Dict, Value};
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{Access, Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{Array, Dict, Value};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use crate::{Access, Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::LetBinding<'_> {
     type Output = Value;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/call.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/call.rs
index 4331e187..9dfb7693 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/call.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/call.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString, EcoVec};
-
-use crate::diag::{
+use typst_library::diag::{
     bail, error, At, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult,
     Trace, Tracepoint,
 };
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::eval::{Access, Eval, FlowEvent, Route, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{
-    call_method_mut, is_mutating_method, Arg, Args, Bytes, Capturer, Closure, Content,
-    Context, Func, IntoValue, NativeElement, Scope, Scopes, Value,
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{
+    Arg, Args, Bytes, Capturer, Closure, Content, Context, Func, IntoValue,
+    NativeElement, Scope, Scopes, Value,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Introspector;
-use crate::math::LrElem;
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode, Ident};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxNode};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
-use crate::World;
+use typst_library::introspection::Introspector;
+use typst_library::math::LrElem;
+use typst_library::routines::Routines;
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode, Ident};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxNode};
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
+
+use crate::{call_method_mut, is_mutating_method, Access, Eval, FlowEvent, Route, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::FuncCall<'_> {
     type Output = Value;
@@ -159,9 +160,10 @@ impl Eval for ast::Closure<'_> {
 /// Call the function in the context with the arguments.
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-pub(crate) fn call_closure(
+pub fn eval_closure(
     func: &Func,
     closure: &LazyHash<Closure>,
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -182,6 +184,7 @@ pub(crate) fn call_closure(
 
     // Prepare the engine.
     let engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -210,7 +213,7 @@ pub(crate) fn call_closure(
                     vm.define(ident, args.expect::<Value>(&ident)?)
                 }
                 pattern => {
-                    crate::eval::destructure(
+                    crate::destructure(
                         &mut vm,
                         pattern,
                         args.expect::<Value>("pattern parameter")?,
@@ -583,8 +586,9 @@ impl<'a> CapturesVisitor<'a> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use typst_syntax::parse;
+
     use super::*;
-    use crate::syntax::parse;
 
     #[track_caller]
     fn test(text: &str, result: &[&str]) {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/code.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/code.rs
index 7cfb7f59..918d9d2a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/code.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/code.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoVec};
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{ops, CapturesVisitor, Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{
-    Array, Capturer, Closure, Content, ContextElem, Dict, Func, NativeElement, Str, Value,
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{
+    ops, Array, Capturer, Closure, Content, ContextElem, Dict, Func, NativeElement, Str,
+    Value,
 };
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+
+use crate::{CapturesVisitor, Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::Code<'_> {
     type Output = Value;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/flow.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/flow.rs
index a68be95b..5c9d2a00 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/flow.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/flow.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{ops, IntoValue, Value};
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, SyntaxKind, SyntaxNode};
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{destructure, ops, Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{IntoValue, Value};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, SyntaxKind, SyntaxNode};
+use crate::{destructure, Eval, Vm};
 
 /// The maximum number of loop iterations.
 const MAX_ITERATIONS: usize = 10_000;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/import.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/import.rs
index d02938cc..316fbf87 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/import.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/import.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 use comemo::TrackedMut;
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString};
+use typst_library::diag::{
+    bail, error, warning, At, FileError, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint,
+};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Module, Value};
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_syntax::package::{PackageManifest, PackageSpec};
+use typst_syntax::{FileId, Span, VirtualPath};
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, error, warning, At, FileError, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
-use crate::eval::{eval, Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{Content, Module, Value};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::syntax::package::{PackageManifest, PackageSpec};
-use crate::syntax::{FileId, Span, VirtualPath};
-use crate::World;
+use crate::{eval, Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::ModuleImport<'_> {
     type Output = Value;
@@ -171,8 +173,9 @@ pub fn import(
 /// Import an external package.
 fn import_package(vm: &mut Vm, spec: PackageSpec, span: Span) -> SourceResult<Module> {
     // Evaluate the manifest.
+    let world = vm.world();
     let manifest_id = FileId::new(Some(spec.clone()), VirtualPath::new("typst.toml"));
-    let bytes = vm.world().file(manifest_id).at(span)?;
+    let bytes = world.file(manifest_id).at(span)?;
     let string = std::str::from_utf8(&bytes).map_err(FileError::from).at(span)?;
     let manifest: PackageManifest = toml::from_str(string)
         .map_err(|err| eco_format!("package manifest is malformed ({})", err.message()))
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@ fn import_package(vm: &mut Vm, spec: PackageSpec, span: Span) -> SourceResult<Mo
 
     // Evaluate the entry point.
     let entrypoint_id = manifest_id.join(&manifest.package.entrypoint);
-    let source = vm.world().source(entrypoint_id).at(span)?;
+    let source = world.source(entrypoint_id).at(span)?;
 
     // Prevent cyclic importing.
     if vm.engine.route.contains(source.id()) {
@@ -190,13 +193,14 @@ fn import_package(vm: &mut Vm, spec: PackageSpec, span: Span) -> SourceResult<Mo
 
     let point = || Tracepoint::Import;
     Ok(eval(
-        vm.world(),
+        vm.engine.routines,
+        vm.engine.world,
         vm.engine.traced,
         TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut vm.engine.sink),
         vm.engine.route.track(),
         &source,
     )
-    .trace(vm.world(), point, span)?
+    .trace(world, point, span)?
     .with_name(manifest.package.name))
 }
 
@@ -215,7 +219,8 @@ fn import_file(vm: &mut Vm, path: &str, span: Span) -> SourceResult<Module> {
     // Evaluate the file.
     let point = || Tracepoint::Import;
     eval(
-        world,
+        vm.engine.routines,
+        vm.engine.world,
         vm.engine.traced,
         TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut vm.engine.sink),
         vm.engine.route.track(),
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/mod.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/lib.rs
index dc8a1802..a5c0c7e3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Evaluation of markup and code.
+//! Typst's code interpreter.
 
 pub(crate) mod ops;
 
@@ -10,31 +10,35 @@ mod flow;
 mod import;
 mod markup;
 mod math;
+mod methods;
 mod rules;
 mod vm;
 
 pub use self::call::*;
 pub use self::import::*;
 pub use self::vm::*;
+pub use typst_library::routines::EvalMode;
 
-pub(crate) use self::access::*;
-pub(crate) use self::binding::*;
-pub(crate) use self::flow::*;
+use self::access::*;
+use self::binding::*;
+use self::flow::*;
+use self::methods::*;
 
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{Cast, Context, Module, NativeElement, Scope, Scopes, Value};
-use crate::introspection::Introspector;
-use crate::math::EquationElem;
-use crate::syntax::{ast, parse, parse_code, parse_math, Source, Span};
-use crate::World;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Context, Module, NativeElement, Scope, Scopes, Value};
+use typst_library::introspection::Introspector;
+use typst_library::math::EquationElem;
+use typst_library::routines::Routines;
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::{ast, parse, parse_code, parse_math, Source, Span};
 
 /// Evaluate a source file and return the resulting module.
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[typst_macros::time(name = "eval", span = source.root().span())]
 pub fn eval(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
     sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
@@ -50,6 +54,7 @@ pub fn eval(
     // Prepare the engine.
     let introspector = Introspector::default();
     let engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector: introspector.track(),
         traced,
@@ -94,6 +99,7 @@ pub fn eval(
 /// Everything in the output is associated with the given `span`.
 #[comemo::memoize]
 pub fn eval_string(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     string: &str,
     span: Span,
@@ -119,6 +125,7 @@ pub fn eval_string(
     let introspector = Introspector::default();
     let traced = Traced::default();
     let engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector: introspector.track(),
         traced: traced.track(),
@@ -153,17 +160,6 @@ pub fn eval_string(
     Ok(output)
 }
 
-/// In which mode to evaluate a string.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
-pub enum EvalMode {
-    /// Evaluate as code, as after a hash.
-    Code,
-    /// Evaluate as markup, like in a Typst file.
-    Markup,
-    /// Evaluate as math, as in an equation.
-    Math,
-}
-
 /// Evaluate an expression.
 pub trait Eval {
     /// The output of evaluating the expression.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/markup.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/markup.rs
index 42fede1c..e28eb9dd 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/markup.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/markup.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-use crate::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{
-    Content, Label, NativeElement, Repr, Smart, Unlabellable, Value,
+use typst_library::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{
+    Content, Label, NativeElement, Repr, Smart, Symbol, Unlabellable, Value,
 };
-use crate::math::EquationElem;
-use crate::model::{
+use typst_library::math::EquationElem;
+use typst_library::model::{
     EmphElem, EnumItem, HeadingElem, LinkElem, ListItem, ParbreakElem, RefElem,
     StrongElem, Supplement, TermItem, Url,
 };
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::text::{
+use typst_library::text::{
     LinebreakElem, RawContent, RawElem, SmartQuoteElem, SpaceElem, TextElem,
 };
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+
+use crate::{Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::Markup<'_> {
     type Output = Content;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/math.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/math.rs
index d1a667a5..c61a3251 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/math.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/math.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use ecow::eco_format;
-
-use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Value};
-use crate::math::{AlignPointElem, AttachElem, FracElem, LrElem, PrimesElem, RootElem};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Symbol, Value};
+use typst_library::math::{
+    AlignPointElem, AttachElem, FracElem, LrElem, PrimesElem, RootElem,
+};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+
+use crate::{Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::Math<'_> {
     type Output = Content;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/methods.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/methods.rs
index 945b7c50..7cb36a00 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/methods.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/methods.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 //! Handles special built-in methods on values.
 
-use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
-use crate::foundations::{Args, Str, Type, Value};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Args, Str, Type, Value};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 /// Whether a specific method is mutating.
 pub(crate) fn is_mutating_method(method: &str) -> bool {
diff --git a/crates/typst-eval/src/ops.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/ops.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebbd6743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/ops.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+use typst_library::diag::{At, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{ops, IntoValue, Value};
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+
+use crate::{access_dict, Access, Eval, Vm};
+
+impl Eval for ast::Unary<'_> {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn eval(self, vm: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
+        let value = self.expr().eval(vm)?;
+        let result = match self.op() {
+            ast::UnOp::Pos => ops::pos(value),
+            ast::UnOp::Neg => ops::neg(value),
+            ast::UnOp::Not => ops::not(value),
+        };
+        result.at(self.span())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eval for ast::Binary<'_> {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn eval(self, vm: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
+        match self.op() {
+            ast::BinOp::Add => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::add),
+            ast::BinOp::Sub => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::sub),
+            ast::BinOp::Mul => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::mul),
+            ast::BinOp::Div => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::div),
+            ast::BinOp::And => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::and),
+            ast::BinOp::Or => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::or),
+            ast::BinOp::Eq => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::eq),
+            ast::BinOp::Neq => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::neq),
+            ast::BinOp::Lt => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::lt),
+            ast::BinOp::Leq => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::leq),
+            ast::BinOp::Gt => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::gt),
+            ast::BinOp::Geq => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::geq),
+            ast::BinOp::In => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::in_),
+            ast::BinOp::NotIn => apply_binary(self, vm, ops::not_in),
+            ast::BinOp::Assign => apply_assignment(self, vm, |_, b| Ok(b)),
+            ast::BinOp::AddAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, ops::add),
+            ast::BinOp::SubAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, ops::sub),
+            ast::BinOp::MulAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, ops::mul),
+            ast::BinOp::DivAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, ops::div),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Apply a basic binary operation.
+fn apply_binary(
+    binary: ast::Binary,
+    vm: &mut Vm,
+    op: fn(Value, Value) -> HintedStrResult<Value>,
+) -> SourceResult<Value> {
+    let lhs = binary.lhs().eval(vm)?;
+
+    // Short-circuit boolean operations.
+    if (binary.op() == ast::BinOp::And && lhs == false.into_value())
+        || (binary.op() == ast::BinOp::Or && lhs == true.into_value())
+    {
+        return Ok(lhs);
+    }
+
+    let rhs = binary.rhs().eval(vm)?;
+    op(lhs, rhs).at(binary.span())
+}
+
+/// Apply an assignment operation.
+fn apply_assignment(
+    binary: ast::Binary,
+    vm: &mut Vm,
+    op: fn(Value, Value) -> HintedStrResult<Value>,
+) -> SourceResult<Value> {
+    let rhs = binary.rhs().eval(vm)?;
+    let lhs = binary.lhs();
+
+    // An assignment to a dictionary field is different from a normal access
+    // since it can create the field instead of just modifying it.
+    if binary.op() == ast::BinOp::Assign {
+        if let ast::Expr::FieldAccess(access) = lhs {
+            let dict = access_dict(vm, access)?;
+            dict.insert(access.field().get().clone().into(), rhs);
+            return Ok(Value::None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let location = binary.lhs().access(vm)?;
+    let lhs = std::mem::take(&mut *location);
+    *location = op(lhs, rhs).at(binary.span())?;
+    Ok(Value::None)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/rules.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/rules.rs
index 1748bbd7..646354d4 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/rules.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/rules.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-use crate::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
-use crate::eval::{Eval, Vm};
-use crate::foundations::{
+use typst_library::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{
     Element, Fields, Func, Recipe, Selector, ShowableSelector, Styles, Transformation,
 };
-use crate::layout::BlockElem;
-use crate::model::ParElem;
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_library::layout::BlockElem;
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+
+use crate::{Eval, Vm};
 
 impl Eval for ast::SetRule<'_> {
     type Output = Styles;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/vm.rs b/crates/typst-eval/src/vm.rs
index 4d346870..1c8331b6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/vm.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-eval/src/vm.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 use comemo::Tracked;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Context, IntoValue, Scopes, Value};
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::eval::FlowEvent;
-use crate::foundations::{Context, IntoValue, Scopes, Value};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::World;
+use crate::FlowEvent;
 
 /// A virtual machine.
 ///
-/// Holds the state needed to [evaluate](crate::eval::eval()) Typst sources. A
+/// Holds the state needed to [evaluate](crate::eval()) Typst sources. A
 /// new virtual machine is created for each module evaluation and function call.
 pub struct Vm<'a> {
     /// The underlying virtual typesetter.
diff --git a/crates/typst-ide/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-ide/Cargo.toml
index 4e87f99b..3c98e9b8 100644
--- a/crates/typst-ide/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-ide/Cargo.toml
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
 typst = { workspace = true }
+typst-eval = { workspace = true }
 comemo = { workspace = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
 if_chain = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-ide/src/analyze.rs b/crates/typst-ide/src/analyze.rs
index c3779556..75ffaede 100644
--- a/crates/typst-ide/src/analyze.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-ide/src/analyze.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use comemo::Track;
 use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
 use typst::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use typst::eval::Vm;
 use typst::foundations::{Context, Label, Scopes, Styles, Value};
 use typst::introspection::Introspector;
 use typst::model::{BibliographyElem, Document};
 use typst::syntax::{ast, LinkedNode, Span, SyntaxKind};
 use typst::World;
+use typst_eval::Vm;
 
 /// Try to determine a set of possible values for an expression.
 pub fn analyze_expr(
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub fn analyze_import(world: &dyn World, source: &LinkedNode) -> Option<Value> {
     let traced = Traced::default();
     let mut sink = Sink::new();
     let engine = Engine {
+        routines: &typst::ROUTINES,
         world: world.track(),
         introspector: introspector.track(),
         traced: traced.track(),
@@ -73,7 +74,7 @@ pub fn analyze_import(world: &dyn World, source: &LinkedNode) -> Option<Value> {
         Span::detached(),
     );
 
-    typst::eval::import(&mut vm, source, source_span, true)
+    typst_eval::import(&mut vm, source, source_span, true)
         .ok()
         .map(Value::Module)
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst-ide/src/complete.rs b/crates/typst-ide/src/complete.rs
index d534f55c..cde4d1e3 100644
--- a/crates/typst-ide/src/complete.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-ide/src/complete.rs
@@ -1353,7 +1353,6 @@ impl<'a> CompletionContext<'a> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-
     use super::autocomplete;
     use crate::tests::TestWorld;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-ide/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-ide/src/lib.rs
index 63ba6f75..f09e6ac5 100644
--- a/crates/typst-ide/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-ide/src/lib.rs
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Set page width to 120pt with 10pt margins, so that the inner page is
         // exactly 100pt wide. Page height is unbounded and font size is 10pt so
         // that it multiplies to nice round numbers.
-        let mut lib = Library::default();
+        let mut lib = typst::Library::default();
         lib.styles
             .set(PageElem::set_width(Smart::Custom(Abs::pt(120.0).into())));
         lib.styles.set(PageElem::set_height(Smart::Auto));
diff --git a/crates/typst-ide/src/tooltip.rs b/crates/typst-ide/src/tooltip.rs
index 532cda39..df93d1dc 100644
--- a/crates/typst-ide/src/tooltip.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-ide/src/tooltip.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use if_chain::if_chain;
 use typst::engine::Sink;
-use typst::eval::CapturesVisitor;
 use typst::foundations::{repr, Capturer, CastInfo, Repr, Value};
 use typst::layout::Length;
 use typst::model::Document;
 use typst::syntax::{ast, LinkedNode, Side, Source, SyntaxKind};
 use typst::utils::{round_with_precision, Numeric};
 use typst::World;
+use typst_eval::CapturesVisitor;
 
 use crate::{analyze_expr, analyze_labels, plain_docs_sentence, summarize_font_family};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-kit/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-kit/Cargo.toml
index 13d0a34b..266eba0b 100644
--- a/crates/typst-kit/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-kit/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,13 +11,14 @@ license = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst = { workspace = true }
 typst-assets = { workspace = true, optional = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
 typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+dirs = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
 env_proxy = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-dirs = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 flate2 = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 fontdb = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 native-tls = { workspace = true, optional = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-kit/src/fonts.rs b/crates/typst-kit/src/fonts.rs
index 8c8981a1..83e13fd8 100644
--- a/crates/typst-kit/src/fonts.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-kit/src/fonts.rs
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
 //! - For math: New Computer Modern Math
 //! - For code: Deja Vu Sans Mono
 
-use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
-use std::{fs, path::Path};
 
 use fontdb::{Database, Source};
-use typst::text::{Font, FontBook, FontInfo};
+use typst_library::text::{Font, FontBook, FontInfo};
 use typst_timing::TimingScope;
 
 /// Holds details about the location of a font and lazily the font itself.
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl FontSlot {
     pub fn get(&self) -> Option<Font> {
         self.font
             .get_or_init(|| {
-                let _scope = TimingScope::new("load font", None);
+                let _scope = TimingScope::new("load font");
                 let data = fs::read(
                     self.path
                         .as_ref()
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ impl FontSearcher {
     #[cfg(feature = "embed-fonts")]
     fn add_embedded(&mut self) {
         for data in typst_assets::fonts() {
-            let buffer = typst::foundations::Bytes::from_static(data);
+            let buffer = typst_library::foundations::Bytes::from_static(data);
             for (i, font) in Font::iter(buffer).enumerate() {
                 self.book.push(font.info().clone());
                 self.fonts.push(FontSlot {
diff --git a/crates/typst-kit/src/package.rs b/crates/typst-kit/src/package.rs
index 83978010..412c7982 100644
--- a/crates/typst-kit/src/package.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-kit/src/package.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 use ecow::eco_format;
 use once_cell::sync::OnceCell;
-use typst::diag::{bail, PackageError, PackageResult, StrResult};
-use typst::syntax::package::{
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, PackageError, PackageResult, StrResult};
+use typst_syntax::package::{
     PackageInfo, PackageSpec, PackageVersion, VersionlessPackageSpec,
 };
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-layout/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4c133a4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+[package]
+name = "typst-layout"
+description = "Typst's layout engine."
+version = { workspace = true }
+rust-version = { workspace = true }
+authors = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+categories = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+readme = { workspace = true }
+
+[dependencies]
+typst-assets = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
+typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
+typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+az = { workspace = true }
+bumpalo = { workspace = true }
+comemo = { workspace = true }
+ecow = { workspace = true }
+hypher = { workspace = true }
+icu_properties = { workspace = true }
+icu_provider = { workspace = true }
+icu_provider_adapters = { workspace = true }
+icu_provider_blob = { workspace = true }
+icu_segmenter = { workspace = true }
+kurbo = { workspace = true }
+once_cell = { workspace = true }
+rustybuzz = { workspace = true }
+smallvec = { workspace = true }
+ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
+unicode-bidi = { workspace = true }
+unicode-math-class = { workspace = true }
+unicode-script = { workspace = true }
+unicode-segmentation = { workspace = true }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/block.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/block.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1dd98812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/block.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, BlockBody, BlockElem, Fragment, Frame, FrameKind, Region, Regions, Rel,
+    Sides, Size, Sizing,
+};
+use typst_library::visualize::Stroke;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+use crate::shapes::{clip_rect, fill_and_stroke};
+
+/// Lay this out as an unbreakable block.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "block", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_single_block(
+    elem: &Packed<BlockElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    // Fetch sizing properties.
+    let width = elem.width(styles);
+    let height = elem.height(styles);
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    // Build the pod regions.
+    let pod = unbreakable_pod(&width.into(), &height, &inset, styles, region.size);
+
+    // Layout the body.
+    let body = elem.body(styles);
+    let mut frame = match body {
+        // If we have no body, just create one frame. Its size will be
+        // adjusted below.
+        None => Frame::hard(Size::zero()),
+
+        // If we have content as our body, just layout it.
+        Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => {
+            crate::layout_frame(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?
+        }
+
+        // If we have a child that wants to layout with just access to the
+        // base region, give it that.
+        Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(callback)) => {
+            callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod)?
+        }
+
+        // If we have a child that wants to layout with full region access,
+        // we layout it.
+        Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(callback)) => {
+            let expand = (pod.expand | region.expand) & pod.size.map(Abs::is_finite);
+            let pod = Region { expand, ..pod };
+            callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod.into())?.into_frame()
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Explicit blocks are boundaries for gradient relativeness.
+    if matches!(body, None | Some(BlockBody::Content(_))) {
+        frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
+    }
+
+    // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
+    // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
+    frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(pod.size, frame.size()));
+
+    // Apply the inset.
+    if !inset.is_zero() {
+        crate::pad::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
+    }
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem
+        .stroke(styles)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
+
+    // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
+    let outset = Lazy::new(|| elem.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+    let radius = Lazy::new(|| elem.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+
+    // Clip the contents, if requested.
+    if elem.clip(styles) {
+        let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
+        frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
+    }
+
+    // Add fill and/or stroke.
+    if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
+        fill_and_stroke(&mut frame, fill, &stroke, &outset, &radius, elem.span());
+    }
+
+    // Assign label to each frame in the fragment.
+    if let Some(label) = elem.label() {
+        frame.label(label);
+    }
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+/// Lay this out as a breakable block.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "block", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_multi_block(
+    elem: &Packed<BlockElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    // Fetch sizing properties.
+    let width = elem.width(styles);
+    let height = elem.height(styles);
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    // Allocate a small vector for backlogs.
+    let mut buf = SmallVec::<[Abs; 2]>::new();
+
+    // Build the pod regions.
+    let pod = breakable_pod(&width.into(), &height, &inset, styles, regions, &mut buf);
+
+    // Layout the body.
+    let body = elem.body(styles);
+    let mut fragment = match body {
+        // If we have no body, just create one frame plus one per backlog
+        // region. We create them zero-sized; if necessary, their size will
+        // be adjusted below.
+        None => {
+            let mut frames = vec![];
+            frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
+            if pod.expand.y {
+                let mut iter = pod;
+                while !iter.backlog.is_empty() {
+                    frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
+                    iter.next();
+                }
+            }
+            Fragment::frames(frames)
+        }
+
+        // If we have content as our body, just layout it.
+        Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => {
+            let mut fragment =
+                crate::layout_fragment(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
+
+            // If the body is automatically sized and produced more than one
+            // fragment, ensure that the width was consistent across all
+            // regions. If it wasn't, we need to relayout with expansion.
+            if !pod.expand.x
+                && fragment
+                    .as_slice()
+                    .windows(2)
+                    .any(|w| !w[0].width().approx_eq(w[1].width()))
+            {
+                let max_width =
+                    fragment.iter().map(|frame| frame.width()).max().unwrap_or_default();
+                let pod = Regions {
+                    size: Size::new(max_width, pod.size.y),
+                    expand: Axes::new(true, pod.expand.y),
+                    ..pod
+                };
+                fragment = crate::layout_fragment(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+            }
+
+            fragment
+        }
+
+        // If we have a child that wants to layout with just access to the
+        // base region, give it that.
+        Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(callback)) => {
+            let pod = Region::new(pod.base(), pod.expand);
+            callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod).map(Fragment::frame)?
+        }
+
+        // If we have a child that wants to layout with full region access,
+        // we layout it.
+        //
+        // For auto-sized multi-layouters, we propagate the outer expansion
+        // so that they can decide for themselves. We also ensure again to
+        // only expand if the size is finite.
+        Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(callback)) => {
+            let expand = (pod.expand | regions.expand) & pod.size.map(Abs::is_finite);
+            let pod = Regions { expand, ..pod };
+            callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod)?
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem
+        .stroke(styles)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
+
+    // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
+    let outset = Lazy::new(|| elem.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+    let radius = Lazy::new(|| elem.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+
+    // Fetch/compute these outside of the loop.
+    let clip = elem.clip(styles);
+    let has_fill_or_stroke = fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some);
+    let has_inset = !inset.is_zero();
+    let is_explicit = matches!(body, None | Some(BlockBody::Content(_)));
+
+    // Skip filling/stroking the first frame if it is empty and a non-empty
+    // one follows.
+    let mut skip_first = false;
+    if let [first, rest @ ..] = fragment.as_slice() {
+        skip_first = has_fill_or_stroke
+            && first.is_empty()
+            && rest.iter().any(|frame| !frame.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    // Post-process to apply insets, clipping, fills, and strokes.
+    for (i, (frame, region)) in fragment.iter_mut().zip(pod.iter()).enumerate() {
+        // Explicit blocks are boundaries for gradient relativeness.
+        if is_explicit {
+            frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
+        }
+
+        // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
+        // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
+        frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(region, frame.size()));
+
+        // Apply the inset.
+        if has_inset {
+            crate::pad::grow(frame, &inset);
+        }
+
+        // Clip the contents, if requested.
+        if clip {
+            let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
+            frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
+        }
+
+        // Add fill and/or stroke.
+        if has_fill_or_stroke && (i > 0 || !skip_first) {
+            fill_and_stroke(frame, fill.clone(), &stroke, &outset, &radius, elem.span());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Assign label to each frame in the fragment.
+    if let Some(label) = elem.label() {
+        for frame in fragment.iter_mut() {
+            frame.label(label);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(fragment)
+}
+
+/// Builds the pod region for an unbreakable sized container.
+pub(crate) fn unbreakable_pod(
+    width: &Sizing,
+    height: &Sizing,
+    inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    base: Size,
+) -> Region {
+    // Resolve the size.
+    let mut size = Size::new(
+        match width {
+            // - For auto, the whole region is available.
+            // - Fr is handled outside and already factored into the `region`,
+            //   so we can treat it equivalently to 100%.
+            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => base.x,
+            // Resolve the relative sizing.
+            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.x),
+        },
+        match height {
+            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => base.y,
+            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.y),
+        },
+    );
+
+    // Take the inset, if any, into account.
+    if !inset.is_zero() {
+        size = crate::pad::shrink(size, inset);
+    }
+
+    // If the child is manually, the size is forced and we should enable
+    // expansion.
+    let expand = Axes::new(
+        *width != Sizing::Auto && size.x.is_finite(),
+        *height != Sizing::Auto && size.y.is_finite(),
+    );
+
+    Region::new(size, expand)
+}
+
+/// Builds the pod regions for a breakable sized container.
+fn breakable_pod<'a>(
+    width: &Sizing,
+    height: &Sizing,
+    inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+    buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
+) -> Regions<'a> {
+    let base = regions.base();
+
+    // The vertical region sizes we're about to build.
+    let first;
+    let full;
+    let backlog: &mut [Abs];
+    let last;
+
+    // If the block has a fixed height, things are very different, so we
+    // handle that case completely separately.
+    match height {
+        Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => {
+            // If the block is automatically sized, we can just inherit the
+            // regions.
+            first = regions.size.y;
+            full = regions.full;
+            buf.extend_from_slice(regions.backlog);
+            backlog = buf;
+            last = regions.last;
+        }
+
+        Sizing::Rel(rel) => {
+            // Resolve the sizing to a concrete size.
+            let resolved = rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.y);
+
+            // Since we're manually sized, the resolved size is the base height.
+            full = resolved;
+
+            // Distribute the fixed height across a start region and a backlog.
+            (first, backlog) = distribute(resolved, regions, buf);
+
+            // If the height is manually sized, we don't want a final repeatable
+            // region.
+            last = None;
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Resolve the horizontal sizing to a concrete width and combine
+    // `width` and `first` into `size`.
+    let mut size = Size::new(
+        match width {
+            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => regions.size.x,
+            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.x),
+        },
+        first,
+    );
+
+    // Take the inset, if any, into account, applying it to the
+    // individual region components.
+    let (mut full, mut last) = (full, last);
+    if !inset.is_zero() {
+        crate::pad::shrink_multiple(&mut size, &mut full, backlog, &mut last, inset);
+    }
+
+    // If the child is manually, the size is forced and we should enable
+    // expansion.
+    let expand = Axes::new(
+        *width != Sizing::Auto && size.x.is_finite(),
+        *height != Sizing::Auto && size.y.is_finite(),
+    );
+
+    Regions { size, full, backlog, last, expand }
+}
+
+/// Distribute a fixed height spread over existing regions into a new first
+/// height and a new backlog.
+fn distribute<'a>(
+    height: Abs,
+    mut regions: Regions,
+    buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
+) -> (Abs, &'a mut [Abs]) {
+    // Build new region heights from old regions.
+    let mut remaining = height;
+    loop {
+        let limited = regions.size.y.clamp(Abs::zero(), remaining);
+        buf.push(limited);
+        remaining -= limited;
+        if remaining.approx_empty()
+            || !regions.may_break()
+            || (!regions.may_progress() && limited.approx_empty())
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        regions.next();
+    }
+
+    // If there is still something remaining, apply it to the
+    // last region (it will overflow, but there's nothing else
+    // we can do).
+    if !remaining.approx_empty() {
+        if let Some(last) = buf.last_mut() {
+            *last += remaining;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Distribute the heights to the first region and the
+    // backlog. There is no last region, since the height is
+    // fixed.
+    (buf[0], &mut buf[1..])
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/collect.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/collect.rs
index ffb45fda..aee5d508 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/collect.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/collect.rs
@@ -6,22 +6,23 @@ use bumpalo::boxed::Box as BumpBox;
 use bumpalo::Bump;
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::introspection::{
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{
     Introspector, Location, Locator, LocatorLink, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, ColbreakElem,
-    FixedAlignment, FlushElem, Fr, Fragment, Frame, PagebreakElem, PlaceElem,
-    PlacementScope, Ratio, Region, Regions, Rel, Size, Sizing, Spacing, VElem,
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, ColbreakElem, FixedAlignment, FlushElem,
+    Fr, Fragment, Frame, PagebreakElem, PlaceElem, PlacementScope, Ratio, Region,
+    Regions, Rel, Size, Sizing, Spacing, VElem,
 };
-use crate::model::ParElem;
-use crate::realize::Pair;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::World;
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
+use typst_library::routines::{Pair, Routines};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::World;
+
+use super::{layout_multi_block, layout_single_block};
 
 /// Collects all elements of the flow into prepared children. These are much
 /// simpler to handle than the raw elements.
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ impl<'a> Collector<'a, '_, '_> {
         let spacing = ParElem::spacing_in(styles);
         let costs = TextElem::costs_in(styles);
 
-        let lines = crate::layout::layout_inline(
+        let lines = crate::layout_inline(
             self.engine,
             &elem.children,
             self.locator.next(&elem.span()),
@@ -332,6 +333,7 @@ impl SingleChild<'_> {
             // Vertical expansion is only kept if this block is the only child.
             region.expand.y &= self.alone;
             layout_single_impl(
+                engine.routines,
                 engine.world,
                 engine.introspector,
                 engine.traced,
@@ -350,6 +352,7 @@ impl SingleChild<'_> {
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_single_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -363,6 +366,7 @@ fn layout_single_impl(
     let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
     let locator = Locator::link(&link);
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -370,7 +374,7 @@ fn layout_single_impl(
         route: Route::extend(route),
     };
 
-    elem.layout_single(&mut engine, locator, styles, region)
+    layout_single_block(elem, &mut engine, locator, styles, region)
         .map(|frame| frame.post_processed(styles))
 }
 
@@ -425,6 +429,7 @@ impl<'a> MultiChild<'a> {
             // Vertical expansion is only kept if this block is the only child.
             regions.expand.y &= self.alone;
             layout_multi_impl(
+                engine.routines,
                 engine.world,
                 engine.introspector,
                 engine.traced,
@@ -443,6 +448,7 @@ impl<'a> MultiChild<'a> {
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_multi_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -456,6 +462,7 @@ fn layout_multi_impl(
     let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
     let locator = Locator::link(&link);
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -463,13 +470,12 @@ fn layout_multi_impl(
         route: Route::extend(route),
     };
 
-    elem.layout_multiple(&mut engine, locator, styles, regions)
-        .map(|mut fragment| {
-            for frame in &mut fragment {
-                frame.post_process(styles);
-            }
-            fragment
-        })
+    layout_multi_block(elem, &mut engine, locator, styles, regions).map(|mut fragment| {
+        for frame in &mut fragment {
+            frame.post_process(styles);
+        }
+        fragment
+    })
 }
 
 /// The spilled remains of a `MultiChild` that broke across two regions.
@@ -571,7 +577,7 @@ impl PlacedChild<'_> {
             let align = self.alignment.unwrap_or_else(|| Alignment::CENTER);
             let aligned = AlignElem::set_alignment(align).wrap();
 
-            let mut frame = layout_frame(
+            let mut frame = crate::layout_frame(
                 engine,
                 &self.elem.body,
                 self.locator.relayout(),
@@ -614,7 +620,7 @@ impl<T> CachedCell<T> {
         T: Clone,
         F: FnOnce(I) -> T,
     {
-        let input_hash = crate::utils::hash128(&input);
+        let input_hash = typst_utils::hash128(&input);
 
         let mut slot = self.0.borrow_mut();
         if let Some((hash, output)) = &*slot {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/compose.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/compose.rs
index a262d5c1..932ccc9a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/compose.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/compose.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
-use super::{distribute, Config, FlowResult, LineNumberConfig, PlacedChild, Stop, Work};
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Smart};
-use crate::introspection::{
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Smart};
+use typst_library::introspection::{
     Counter, CounterDisplayElem, CounterState, CounterUpdate, Location, Locator,
     SplitLocator, Tag,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment, layout_frame, Abs, Axes, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fragment, Frame,
-    FrameItem, OuterHAlignment, PlacementScope, Point, Region, Regions, Rel, Size,
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, OuterHAlignment,
+    PlacementScope, Point, Region, Regions, Rel, Size,
 };
-use crate::model::{
+use typst_library::model::{
     FootnoteElem, FootnoteEntry, LineNumberingScope, Numbering, ParLineMarker,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+
+use super::{distribute, Config, FlowResult, LineNumberConfig, PlacedChild, Stop, Work};
 
 /// Composes the contents of a single page/region. A region can have multiple
 /// columns/subregions.
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ fn layout_footnote_separator(
     config: &Config,
     base: Size,
 ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    layout_frame(
+    crate::layout_frame(
         engine,
         &config.footnote.separator,
         Locator::root(),
@@ -534,7 +535,7 @@ fn layout_footnote(
     pod: Regions,
 ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
     let loc = elem.location().unwrap();
-    layout_fragment(
+    crate::layout_fragment(
         engine,
         &FootnoteEntry::new(elem.clone()).pack(),
         Locator::synthesize(loc),
@@ -785,7 +786,7 @@ fn layout_line_number_reset(
     let counter = Counter::of(ParLineMarker::elem());
     let update = CounterUpdate::Set(CounterState::init(false));
     let content = counter.update(Span::detached(), update);
-    layout_frame(
+    crate::layout_frame(
         engine,
         &content,
         locator.next(&()),
@@ -821,7 +822,7 @@ fn layout_line_number(
     ]);
 
     // Layout the number.
-    let mut frame = layout_frame(
+    let mut frame = crate::layout_frame(
         engine,
         &content,
         locator.next(&()),
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/distribute.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/distribute.rs
index 3fa16626..1852f7ca 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/distribute.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/distribute.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
+use typst_library::introspection::Tag;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, Fr, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Region, Regions, Rel, Size,
+};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use super::{
     Child, Composer, FlowResult, LineChild, MultiChild, MultiSpill, PlacedChild,
     SingleChild, Stop, Work,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Tag;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, Fr, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Region, Regions, Rel, Size,
-};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// Distributes as many children as fit from `composer.work` into the first
 /// region and returns the resulting frame.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs
index 66ec8e97..7cbec59a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 //! Layout of content into a [`Frame`] or [`Fragment`].
 
+mod block;
 mod collect;
 mod compose;
 mod distribute;
 
+pub(crate) use self::block::unbreakable_pod;
+
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::rc::Rc;
@@ -11,26 +14,40 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use bumpalo::Bump;
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use ecow::EcoVec;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{
+    Introspector, Location, Locator, LocatorLink, SplitLocator, Tag,
+};
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, ColumnsElem, Dir, Em, Fragment, Frame, PageElem, PlacementScope, Region,
+    Regions, Rel, Size,
+};
+use typst_library::model::{FootnoteElem, FootnoteEntry, LineNumberingScope, ParLine};
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind, Routines};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_utils::{NonZeroExt, Numeric};
 
+use self::block::{layout_multi_block, layout_single_block};
 use self::collect::{
     collect, Child, LineChild, MultiChild, MultiSpill, PlacedChild, SingleChild,
 };
 use self::compose::{compose, Composer};
 use self::distribute::distribute;
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
-use crate::introspection::{
-    Introspector, Location, Locator, LocatorLink, SplitLocator, Tag,
-};
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Dir, Em, Fragment, Frame, PageElem, PlacementScope, Region, Regions, Rel, Size,
-};
-use crate::model::{FootnoteElem, FootnoteEntry, LineNumberingScope, ParLine};
-use crate::realize::{realize, Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::{NonZeroExt, Numeric};
-use crate::World;
+
+/// Lays out content into a single region, producing a single frame.
+pub fn layout_frame(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    content: &Content,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    layout_fragment(engine, content, locator, styles, region.into())
+        .map(Fragment::into_frame)
+}
 
 /// Lays out content into multiple regions.
 ///
@@ -43,6 +60,7 @@ pub fn layout_fragment(
     regions: Regions,
 ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
     layout_fragment_impl(
+        engine.routines,
         engine.world,
         engine.introspector,
         engine.traced,
@@ -57,50 +75,39 @@ pub fn layout_fragment(
     )
 }
 
-/// Lays out content into regions with columns.
+/// Layout the columns.
 ///
 /// This is different from just laying out into column-sized regions as the
 /// columns can interact due to parent-scoped placed elements.
-pub fn layout_fragment_with_columns(
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_columns(
+    elem: &Packed<ColumnsElem>,
     engine: &mut Engine,
-    content: &Content,
     locator: Locator,
     styles: StyleChain,
     regions: Regions,
-    count: NonZeroUsize,
-    gutter: Rel<Abs>,
 ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
     layout_fragment_impl(
+        engine.routines,
         engine.world,
         engine.introspector,
         engine.traced,
         TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.sink),
         engine.route.track(),
-        content,
+        &elem.body,
         locator.track(),
         styles,
         regions,
-        count,
-        gutter,
+        elem.count(styles),
+        elem.gutter(styles),
     )
 }
 
-/// Lays out content into a single region, producing a single frame.
-pub fn layout_frame(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    content: &Content,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    layout_fragment(engine, content, locator, styles, region.into())
-        .map(Fragment::into_frame)
-}
-
 /// The cached, internal implementation of [`layout_fragment`].
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_fragment_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -123,6 +130,7 @@ fn layout_fragment_impl(
     let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
     let mut locator = Locator::link(&link).split();
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -133,7 +141,7 @@ fn layout_fragment_impl(
     engine.route.check_layout_depth().at(content.span())?;
 
     let arenas = Arenas::default();
-    let children = realize(
+    let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
         RealizationKind::Container,
         &mut engine,
         &mut locator,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/cells.rs
index 64234aaf..175e2183 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/cells.rs
@@ -1,161 +1,89 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use comemo::Track;
 use ecow::eco_format;
-
-use super::lines::Line;
-use super::repeated::{Footer, Header, Repeatable};
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, Hint, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    Array, CastInfo, Content, Context, Fold, FromValue, Func, IntoValue, Reflect,
-    Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
-};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment, Abs, Alignment, Axes, Fragment, Length, LinePosition, Regions, Rel,
-    Sides, Sizing,
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, Hint, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Alignment, Axes, Celled, Fragment, Length, Regions, Rel, ResolvedCelled, Sides,
+    Sizing,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
-use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
-
-/// A value that can be configured per cell.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum Celled<T> {
-    /// A bare value, the same for all cells.
-    Value(T),
-    /// A closure mapping from cell coordinates to a value.
-    Func(Func),
-    /// An array of alignment values corresponding to each column.
-    Array(Vec<T>),
-}
+use typst_library::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
-impl<T: Default + Clone + FromValue> Celled<T> {
-    /// Resolve the value based on the cell position.
-    pub fn resolve(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
+use super::{Footer, Header, Line, Repeatable};
+
+/// Used for cell-like elements which are aware of their final properties in
+/// the table, and may have property overrides.
+pub trait ResolvableCell {
+    /// Resolves the cell's fields, given its coordinates and default grid-wide
+    /// fill, align, inset and stroke properties, plus the expected value of
+    /// the `breakable` field.
+    /// Returns a final Cell.
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
+        self,
         x: usize,
         y: usize,
-    ) -> SourceResult<T> {
-        Ok(match self {
-            Self::Value(value) => value.clone(),
-            Self::Func(func) => func
-                .call(engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [x, y])?
-                .cast()
-                .at(func.span())?,
-            Self::Array(array) => x
-                .checked_rem(array.len())
-                .and_then(|i| array.get(i))
-                .cloned()
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Default> Default for Celled<T> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::Value(T::default())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Reflect> Reflect for Celled<T> {
-    fn input() -> CastInfo {
-        T::input() + Array::input() + Func::input()
-    }
-
-    fn output() -> CastInfo {
-        T::output() + Array::output() + Func::output()
-    }
-
-    fn castable(value: &Value) -> bool {
-        Array::castable(value) || Func::castable(value) || T::castable(value)
-    }
-}
+        fill: &Option<Paint>,
+        align: Smart<Alignment>,
+        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
+        breakable: bool,
+        locator: Locator<'a>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> Cell<'a>;
 
-impl<T: IntoValue> IntoValue for Celled<T> {
-    fn into_value(self) -> Value {
-        match self {
-            Self::Value(value) => value.into_value(),
-            Self::Func(func) => func.into_value(),
-            Self::Array(arr) => arr.into_value(),
-        }
-    }
-}
+    /// Returns this cell's column override.
+    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize>;
 
-impl<T: FromValue> FromValue for Celled<T> {
-    fn from_value(value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Self> {
-        match value {
-            Value::Func(v) => Ok(Self::Func(v)),
-            Value::Array(array) => Ok(Self::Array(
-                array.into_iter().map(T::from_value).collect::<HintedStrResult<_>>()?,
-            )),
-            v if T::castable(&v) => Ok(Self::Value(T::from_value(v)?)),
-            v => Err(Self::error(&v)),
-        }
-    }
-}
+    /// Returns this cell's row override.
+    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize>;
 
-impl<T: Fold> Fold for Celled<T> {
-    fn fold(self, outer: Self) -> Self {
-        match (self, outer) {
-            (Self::Value(inner), Self::Value(outer)) => Self::Value(inner.fold(outer)),
-            (self_, _) => self_,
-        }
-    }
-}
+    /// The amount of columns spanned by this cell.
+    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize;
 
-impl<T: Resolve> Resolve for Celled<T> {
-    type Output = ResolvedCelled<T>;
+    /// The amount of rows spanned by this cell.
+    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize;
 
-    fn resolve(self, styles: StyleChain) -> Self::Output {
-        match self {
-            Self::Value(value) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Value(value.resolve(styles))),
-            Self::Func(func) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Func(func)),
-            Self::Array(values) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Array(
-                values.into_iter().map(|value| value.resolve(styles)).collect(),
-            )),
-        }
-    }
+    /// The cell's span, for errors.
+    fn span(&self) -> Span;
 }
 
-/// The result of resolving a Celled's value according to styles.
-/// Holds resolved values which depend on each grid cell's position.
-/// When it is a closure, however, it is only resolved when the closure is
-/// called.
-#[derive(Default, Clone)]
-pub struct ResolvedCelled<T: Resolve>(Celled<T::Output>);
-
-impl<T> ResolvedCelled<T>
-where
-    T: FromValue + Resolve,
-    <T as Resolve>::Output: Default + Clone,
-{
-    /// Resolve the value based on the cell position.
-    pub fn resolve(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        x: usize,
-        y: usize,
-    ) -> SourceResult<T::Output> {
-        Ok(match &self.0 {
-            Celled::Value(value) => value.clone(),
-            Celled::Func(func) => func
-                .call(engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [x, y])?
-                .cast::<T>()
-                .at(func.span())?
-                .resolve(styles),
-            Celled::Array(array) => x
-                .checked_rem(array.len())
-                .and_then(|i| array.get(i))
-                .cloned()
-                .unwrap_or_default(),
-        })
-    }
+/// A grid item, possibly affected by automatic cell positioning. Can be either
+/// a line or a cell.
+pub enum ResolvableGridItem<T: ResolvableCell> {
+    /// A horizontal line in the grid.
+    HLine {
+        /// The row above which the horizontal line is drawn.
+        y: Smart<usize>,
+        start: usize,
+        end: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
+        stroke: Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>,
+        /// The span of the corresponding line element.
+        span: Span,
+        /// The line's position. "before" here means on top of row `y`, while
+        /// "after" means below it.
+        position: LinePosition,
+    },
+    /// A vertical line in the grid.
+    VLine {
+        /// The column before which the vertical line is drawn.
+        x: Smart<usize>,
+        start: usize,
+        end: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
+        stroke: Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>,
+        /// The span of the corresponding line element.
+        span: Span,
+        /// The line's position. "before" here means to the left of column `x`,
+        /// while "after" means to its right (both considering LTR).
+        position: LinePosition,
+    },
+    /// A cell in the grid.
+    Cell(T),
 }
 
 /// Represents a cell in CellGrid, to be laid out by GridLayouter.
@@ -221,12 +149,24 @@ impl<'a> Cell<'a> {
         if disambiguator > 0 {
             locator = locator.split().next_inner(disambiguator as u128);
         }
-        layout_fragment(engine, &self.body, locator, styles, regions)
+        crate::layout_fragment(engine, &self.body, locator, styles, regions)
     }
 }
 
+/// Indicates whether the line should be drawn before or after the track with
+/// its index. This is mostly only relevant when gutter is used, since, then,
+/// the position after a track is not the same as before the next
+/// non-gutter track.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum LinePosition {
+    /// The line should be drawn before its track (e.g. hline on top of a row).
+    Before,
+    /// The line should be drawn after its track (e.g. hline below a row).
+    After,
+}
+
 /// A grid entry.
-pub(super) enum Entry<'a> {
+pub enum Entry<'a> {
     /// An entry which holds a cell.
     Cell(Cell<'a>),
     /// An entry which is merged with another cell.
@@ -246,39 +186,6 @@ impl<'a> Entry<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-/// A grid item, possibly affected by automatic cell positioning. Can be either
-/// a line or a cell.
-pub enum ResolvableGridItem<T: ResolvableCell> {
-    /// A horizontal line in the grid.
-    HLine {
-        /// The row above which the horizontal line is drawn.
-        y: Smart<usize>,
-        start: usize,
-        end: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
-        stroke: Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>,
-        /// The span of the corresponding line element.
-        span: Span,
-        /// The line's position. "before" here means on top of row `y`, while
-        /// "after" means below it.
-        position: LinePosition,
-    },
-    /// A vertical line in the grid.
-    VLine {
-        /// The column before which the vertical line is drawn.
-        x: Smart<usize>,
-        start: usize,
-        end: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
-        stroke: Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>,
-        /// The span of the corresponding line element.
-        span: Span,
-        /// The line's position. "before" here means to the left of column `x`,
-        /// while "after" means to its right (both considering LTR).
-        position: LinePosition,
-    },
-    /// A cell in the grid.
-    Cell(T),
-}
-
 /// Any grid child, which can be either a header or an item.
 pub enum ResolvableGridChild<T: ResolvableCell, I> {
     Header { repeat: bool, span: Span, items: I },
@@ -286,65 +193,28 @@ pub enum ResolvableGridChild<T: ResolvableCell, I> {
     Item(ResolvableGridItem<T>),
 }
 
-/// Used for cell-like elements which are aware of their final properties in
-/// the table, and may have property overrides.
-pub trait ResolvableCell {
-    /// Resolves the cell's fields, given its coordinates and default grid-wide
-    /// fill, align, inset and stroke properties, plus the expected value of
-    /// the `breakable` field.
-    /// Returns a final Cell.
-    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
-        self,
-        x: usize,
-        y: usize,
-        fill: &Option<Paint>,
-        align: Smart<Alignment>,
-        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
-        breakable: bool,
-        locator: Locator<'a>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> Cell<'a>;
-
-    /// Returns this cell's column override.
-    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize>;
-
-    /// Returns this cell's row override.
-    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize>;
-
-    /// The amount of columns spanned by this cell.
-    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize;
-
-    /// The amount of rows spanned by this cell.
-    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize;
-
-    /// The cell's span, for errors.
-    fn span(&self) -> Span;
-}
-
 /// A grid of cells, including the columns, rows, and cell data.
 pub struct CellGrid<'a> {
     /// The grid cells.
-    pub(super) entries: Vec<Entry<'a>>,
+    pub entries: Vec<Entry<'a>>,
     /// The column tracks including gutter tracks.
-    pub(super) cols: Vec<Sizing>,
+    pub cols: Vec<Sizing>,
     /// The row tracks including gutter tracks.
-    pub(super) rows: Vec<Sizing>,
+    pub rows: Vec<Sizing>,
     /// The vertical lines before each column, or on the end border.
     /// Gutter columns are not included.
     /// Contains up to 'cols_without_gutter.len() + 1' vectors of lines.
-    pub(super) vlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
+    pub vlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
     /// The horizontal lines on top of each row, or on the bottom border.
     /// Gutter rows are not included.
     /// Contains up to 'rows_without_gutter.len() + 1' vectors of lines.
-    pub(super) hlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
+    pub hlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
     /// The repeatable header of this grid.
-    pub(super) header: Option<Repeatable<Header>>,
+    pub header: Option<Repeatable<Header>>,
     /// The repeatable footer of this grid.
-    pub(super) footer: Option<Repeatable<Footer>>,
+    pub footer: Option<Repeatable<Footer>>,
     /// Whether this grid has gutters.
-    pub(super) has_gutter: bool,
+    pub has_gutter: bool,
 }
 
 impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
@@ -1125,7 +995,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Generates the cell grid, given the tracks and resolved entries.
-    pub(super) fn new_internal(
+    pub fn new_internal(
         tracks: Axes<&[Sizing]>,
         gutter: Axes<&[Sizing]>,
         vlines: Vec<Vec<Line>>,
@@ -1194,7 +1064,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if it's a gutter cell.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub(super) fn entry(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Entry<'a>> {
+    pub fn entry(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Entry<'a>> {
         assert!(x < self.cols.len());
         assert!(y < self.rows.len());
 
@@ -1216,7 +1086,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     ///
     /// Returns `None` if it's a gutter cell or merged position.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub(super) fn cell(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell<'a>> {
+    pub fn cell(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<&Cell<'a>> {
         self.entry(x, y).and_then(Entry::as_cell)
     }
 
@@ -1228,7 +1098,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     /// - If it is a merged cell, returns the parent cell's position.
     /// - If it is a gutter cell, returns None.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub(super) fn parent_cell_position(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<Axes<usize>> {
+    pub fn parent_cell_position(&self, x: usize, y: usize) -> Option<Axes<usize>> {
         self.entry(x, y).map(|entry| match entry {
             Entry::Cell(_) => Axes::new(x, y),
             Entry::Merged { parent } => {
@@ -1260,7 +1130,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     /// position, if it is gutter), if it exists; otherwise returns None (it's
     /// gutter and no cell spans it).
     #[track_caller]
-    pub(super) fn effective_parent_cell_position(
+    pub fn effective_parent_cell_position(
         &self,
         x: usize,
         y: usize,
@@ -1283,14 +1153,14 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     /// Checks if the track with the given index is gutter.
     /// Does not check if the index is a valid track.
     #[inline]
-    pub(super) fn is_gutter_track(&self, index: usize) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_gutter_track(&self, index: usize) -> bool {
         self.has_gutter && index % 2 == 1
     }
 
     /// Returns the effective colspan of a cell, considering the gutters it
     /// might span if the grid has gutters.
     #[inline]
-    pub(super) fn effective_colspan_of_cell(&self, cell: &Cell) -> usize {
+    pub fn effective_colspan_of_cell(&self, cell: &Cell) -> usize {
         if self.has_gutter {
             2 * cell.colspan.get() - 1
         } else {
@@ -1301,7 +1171,7 @@ impl<'a> CellGrid<'a> {
     /// Returns the effective rowspan of a cell, considering the gutters it
     /// might span if the grid has gutters.
     #[inline]
-    pub(super) fn effective_rowspan_of_cell(&self, cell: &Cell) -> usize {
+    pub fn effective_rowspan_of_cell(&self, cell: &Cell) -> usize {
         if self.has_gutter {
             2 * cell.rowspan.get() - 1
         } else {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/layouter.rs
index 53eda0f0..7c94617d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/layouter.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
-use super::lines::{
-    generate_line_segments, hline_stroke_at_column, vline_stroke_at_row, LinePosition,
-    LineSegment,
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, Dir, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Regions, Rel,
+    Size, Sizing,
 };
-use super::repeated::Repeatable;
-use super::rowspans::{Rowspan, UnbreakableRowGroup};
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Cell, CellGrid, Dir, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point,
-    Region, Regions, Rel, Size, Sizing,
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::Geometry;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{MaybeReverseIter, Numeric};
+
+use super::{
+    generate_line_segments, hline_stroke_at_column, vline_stroke_at_row, Cell, CellGrid,
+    LinePosition, LineSegment, Repeatable, Rowspan, UnbreakableRowGroup,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::{MaybeReverseIter, Numeric};
-use crate::visualize::Geometry;
 
 /// Performs grid layout.
 pub struct GridLayouter<'a> {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/lines.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/lines.rs
index 660811c7..3e89612a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/lines.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/lines.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use super::cells::CellGrid;
-use super::layout::RowPiece;
-use super::repeated::Repeatable;
-use crate::foundations::{AlternativeFold, Fold};
-use crate::layout::Abs;
-use crate::visualize::Stroke;
+use typst_library::foundations::{AlternativeFold, Fold};
+use typst_library::layout::Abs;
+use typst_library::visualize::Stroke;
+
+use super::{CellGrid, LinePosition, Repeatable, RowPiece};
 
 /// Represents an explicit grid line (horizontal or vertical) specified by the
 /// user.
@@ -38,22 +37,10 @@ pub struct Line {
     pub position: LinePosition,
 }
 
-/// Indicates whether the line should be drawn before or after the track with
-/// its index. This is mostly only relevant when gutter is used, since, then,
-/// the position after a track is not the same as before the next
-/// non-gutter track.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum LinePosition {
-    /// The line should be drawn before its track (e.g. hline on top of a row).
-    Before,
-    /// The line should be drawn after its track (e.g. hline below a row).
-    After,
-}
-
 /// Indicates which priority a particular grid line segment should have, based
 /// on the highest priority configuration that defined the segment's stroke.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub(super) enum StrokePriority {
+pub enum StrokePriority {
     /// The stroke of the segment was derived solely from the grid's global
     /// stroke setting, so it should have the lowest priority.
     GridStroke = 0,
@@ -71,19 +58,19 @@ pub(super) enum StrokePriority {
 /// Data for a particular line segment in the grid as generated by
 /// `generate_line_segments`.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub(super) struct LineSegment {
+pub struct LineSegment {
     /// The stroke with which to draw this segment.
-    pub(super) stroke: Arc<Stroke<Abs>>,
+    pub stroke: Arc<Stroke<Abs>>,
     /// The offset of this segment since the beginning of its axis.
     /// For a vertical line segment, this is the offset since the top of the
     /// table in the current page; for a horizontal line segment, this is the
     /// offset since the start border of the table.
-    pub(super) offset: Abs,
+    pub offset: Abs,
     /// The length of this segment.
-    pub(super) length: Abs,
+    pub length: Abs,
     /// The segment's drawing priority, indicating on top of which other
     /// segments this one should be drawn.
-    pub(super) priority: StrokePriority,
+    pub priority: StrokePriority,
 }
 
 /// Generates the segments of lines that should be drawn alongside a certain
@@ -119,7 +106,7 @@ pub(super) struct LineSegment {
 /// number, and they must be iterable over pairs of (number, size). For
 /// vertical lines, for instance, `tracks` would describe the rows in the
 /// current region, as pairs (row index, row height).
-pub(super) fn generate_line_segments<'grid, F, I, L>(
+pub fn generate_line_segments<'grid, F, I, L>(
     grid: &'grid CellGrid,
     tracks: I,
     index: usize,
@@ -269,7 +256,7 @@ where
                     current_segment =
                         Some(LineSegment { stroke, offset, length: size, priority });
                 }
-            } else if let Some(old_segment) = current_segment.take() {
+            } else if let Some(old_segment) = Option::take(&mut current_segment) {
                 // We shouldn't draw here (stroke of None), so we yield the
                 // current segment, as it was interrupted.
                 offset += size;
@@ -289,7 +276,9 @@ where
         // closure, the current segment will necessarily be 'None',
         // so the iterator will necessarily end (that is, we will return None)
         // after this.
-        current_segment.take()
+        //
+        // Note: Fully-qualified notation because rust-analyzer is confused.
+        Option::take(&mut current_segment)
     })
 }
 
@@ -312,7 +301,7 @@ where
 ///
 /// The priority associated with the returned stroke follows the rules
 /// described in the docs for `generate_line_segment`.
-pub(super) fn vline_stroke_at_row(
+pub fn vline_stroke_at_row(
     grid: &CellGrid,
     x: usize,
     y: usize,
@@ -432,7 +421,7 @@ pub(super) fn vline_stroke_at_row(
 ///
 /// This function assumes columns are sorted by increasing `x`, and rows are
 /// sorted by increasing `y`.
-pub(super) fn hline_stroke_at_column(
+pub fn hline_stroke_at_column(
     grid: &CellGrid,
     rows: &[RowPiece],
     local_top_y: Option<usize>,
@@ -599,12 +588,14 @@ pub(super) fn hline_stroke_at_column(
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use typst_library::foundations::Content;
+    use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+    use typst_library::layout::{Axes, Sides, Sizing};
+    use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+
     use super::super::cells::Entry;
+    use super::super::Cell;
     use super::*;
-    use crate::foundations::Content;
-    use crate::introspection::Locator;
-    use crate::layout::{Axes, Cell, Sides, Sizing};
-    use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 
     fn sample_cell() -> Cell<'static> {
         Cell {
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..769bef8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+mod cells;
+mod layouter;
+mod lines;
+mod repeated;
+mod rowspans;
+
+pub use self::cells::{Cell, CellGrid};
+pub use self::layouter::GridLayouter;
+
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use ecow::eco_format;
+use typst_library::diag::{SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Fold, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Alignment, Axes, Dir, Fragment, GridCell, GridChild, GridElem, GridItem, Length,
+    OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, Sides,
+};
+use typst_library::model::{TableCell, TableChild, TableElem, TableItem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use self::cells::{
+    LinePosition, ResolvableCell, ResolvableGridChild, ResolvableGridItem,
+};
+use self::layouter::RowPiece;
+use self::lines::{
+    generate_line_segments, hline_stroke_at_column, vline_stroke_at_row, Line,
+    LineSegment,
+};
+use self::repeated::{Footer, Header, Repeatable};
+use self::rowspans::{Rowspan, UnbreakableRowGroup};
+
+/// Layout the grid.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_grid(
+    elem: &Packed<GridElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
+    let align = elem.align(styles);
+    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
+    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
+    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
+    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
+
+    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
+    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
+    // Use trace to link back to the grid when a specific cell errors
+    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("grid")));
+    let resolve_item = |item: &GridItem| grid_item_to_resolvable(item, styles);
+    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
+        GridChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
+            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
+            span: header.span(),
+            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        GridChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
+            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            span: footer.span(),
+            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        GridChild::Item(item) => {
+            ResolvableGridChild::Item(grid_item_to_resolvable(item, styles))
+        }
+    });
+    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
+        tracks,
+        gutter,
+        locator,
+        children,
+        fill,
+        align,
+        &inset,
+        &stroke,
+        engine,
+        styles,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
+
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    // Measure the columns and layout the grid row-by-row.
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
+
+/// Layout the table.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_table(
+    elem: &Packed<TableElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
+    let align = elem.align(styles);
+    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
+    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
+    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
+    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
+
+    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
+    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
+    // Use trace to link back to the table when a specific cell errors
+    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("table")));
+    let resolve_item = |item: &TableItem| table_item_to_resolvable(item, styles);
+    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
+        TableChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
+            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
+            span: header.span(),
+            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        TableChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
+            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            span: footer.span(),
+            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        TableChild::Item(item) => {
+            ResolvableGridChild::Item(table_item_to_resolvable(item, styles))
+        }
+    });
+    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
+        tracks,
+        gutter,
+        locator,
+        children,
+        fill,
+        align,
+        &inset,
+        &stroke,
+        engine,
+        styles,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
+
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
+
+fn grid_item_to_resolvable(
+    item: &GridItem,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> ResolvableGridItem<Packed<GridCell>> {
+    match item {
+        GridItem::HLine(hline) => ResolvableGridItem::HLine {
+            y: hline.y(styles),
+            start: hline.start(styles),
+            end: hline.end(styles),
+            stroke: hline.stroke(styles),
+            span: hline.span(),
+            position: match hline.position(styles) {
+                OuterVAlignment::Top => LinePosition::Before,
+                OuterVAlignment::Bottom => LinePosition::After,
+            },
+        },
+        GridItem::VLine(vline) => ResolvableGridItem::VLine {
+            x: vline.x(styles),
+            start: vline.start(styles),
+            end: vline.end(styles),
+            stroke: vline.stroke(styles),
+            span: vline.span(),
+            position: match vline.position(styles) {
+                OuterHAlignment::Left if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
+                    LinePosition::After
+                }
+                OuterHAlignment::Right if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
+                    LinePosition::Before
+                }
+                OuterHAlignment::Start | OuterHAlignment::Left => LinePosition::Before,
+                OuterHAlignment::End | OuterHAlignment::Right => LinePosition::After,
+            },
+        },
+        GridItem::Cell(cell) => ResolvableGridItem::Cell(cell.clone()),
+    }
+}
+
+fn table_item_to_resolvable(
+    item: &TableItem,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> ResolvableGridItem<Packed<TableCell>> {
+    match item {
+        TableItem::HLine(hline) => ResolvableGridItem::HLine {
+            y: hline.y(styles),
+            start: hline.start(styles),
+            end: hline.end(styles),
+            stroke: hline.stroke(styles),
+            span: hline.span(),
+            position: match hline.position(styles) {
+                OuterVAlignment::Top => LinePosition::Before,
+                OuterVAlignment::Bottom => LinePosition::After,
+            },
+        },
+        TableItem::VLine(vline) => ResolvableGridItem::VLine {
+            x: vline.x(styles),
+            start: vline.start(styles),
+            end: vline.end(styles),
+            stroke: vline.stroke(styles),
+            span: vline.span(),
+            position: match vline.position(styles) {
+                OuterHAlignment::Left if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
+                    LinePosition::After
+                }
+                OuterHAlignment::Right if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
+                    LinePosition::Before
+                }
+                OuterHAlignment::Start | OuterHAlignment::Left => LinePosition::Before,
+                OuterHAlignment::End | OuterHAlignment::Right => LinePosition::After,
+            },
+        },
+        TableItem::Cell(cell) => ResolvableGridItem::Cell(cell.clone()),
+    }
+}
+
+impl ResolvableCell for Packed<TableCell> {
+    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
+        mut self,
+        x: usize,
+        y: usize,
+        fill: &Option<Paint>,
+        align: Smart<Alignment>,
+        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
+        breakable: bool,
+        locator: Locator<'a>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> Cell<'a> {
+        let cell = &mut *self;
+        let colspan = cell.colspan(styles);
+        let rowspan = cell.rowspan(styles);
+        let breakable = cell.breakable(styles).unwrap_or(breakable);
+        let fill = cell.fill(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| fill.clone());
+
+        let cell_stroke = cell.stroke(styles);
+        let stroke_overridden =
+            cell_stroke.as_ref().map(|side| matches!(side, Some(Some(_))));
+
+        // Using a typical 'Sides' fold, an unspecified side loses to a
+        // specified side. Additionally, when both are specified, an inner
+        // None wins over the outer Some, and vice-versa. When both are
+        // specified and Some, fold occurs, which, remarkably, leads to an Arc
+        // clone.
+        //
+        // In the end, we flatten because, for layout purposes, an unspecified
+        // cell stroke is the same as specifying 'none', so we equate the two
+        // concepts.
+        let stroke = cell_stroke.fold(stroke).map(Option::flatten);
+        cell.push_x(Smart::Custom(x));
+        cell.push_y(Smart::Custom(y));
+        cell.push_fill(Smart::Custom(fill.clone()));
+        cell.push_align(match align {
+            Smart::Custom(align) => {
+                Smart::Custom(cell.align(styles).map_or(align, |inner| inner.fold(align)))
+            }
+            // Don't fold if the table is using outer alignment. Use the
+            // cell's alignment instead (which, in the end, will fold with
+            // the outer alignment when it is effectively displayed).
+            Smart::Auto => cell.align(styles),
+        });
+        cell.push_inset(Smart::Custom(
+            cell.inset(styles).map_or(inset, |inner| inner.fold(inset)),
+        ));
+        cell.push_stroke(
+            // Here we convert the resolved stroke to a regular stroke, however
+            // with resolved units (that is, 'em' converted to absolute units).
+            // We also convert any stroke unspecified by both the cell and the
+            // outer stroke ('None' in the folded stroke) to 'none', that is,
+            // all sides are present in the resulting Sides object accessible
+            // by show rules on table cells.
+            stroke.as_ref().map(|side| {
+                Some(side.as_ref().map(|cell_stroke| {
+                    Arc::new((**cell_stroke).clone().map(Length::from))
+                }))
+            }),
+        );
+        cell.push_breakable(Smart::Custom(breakable));
+        Cell {
+            body: self.pack(),
+            locator,
+            fill,
+            colspan,
+            rowspan,
+            stroke,
+            stroke_overridden,
+            breakable,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
+        (**self).x(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
+        (**self).y(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
+        (**self).colspan(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
+        (**self).rowspan(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        Packed::span(self)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ResolvableCell for Packed<GridCell> {
+    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
+        mut self,
+        x: usize,
+        y: usize,
+        fill: &Option<Paint>,
+        align: Smart<Alignment>,
+        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
+        breakable: bool,
+        locator: Locator<'a>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> Cell<'a> {
+        let cell = &mut *self;
+        let colspan = cell.colspan(styles);
+        let rowspan = cell.rowspan(styles);
+        let breakable = cell.breakable(styles).unwrap_or(breakable);
+        let fill = cell.fill(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| fill.clone());
+
+        let cell_stroke = cell.stroke(styles);
+        let stroke_overridden =
+            cell_stroke.as_ref().map(|side| matches!(side, Some(Some(_))));
+
+        // Using a typical 'Sides' fold, an unspecified side loses to a
+        // specified side. Additionally, when both are specified, an inner
+        // None wins over the outer Some, and vice-versa. When both are
+        // specified and Some, fold occurs, which, remarkably, leads to an Arc
+        // clone.
+        //
+        // In the end, we flatten because, for layout purposes, an unspecified
+        // cell stroke is the same as specifying 'none', so we equate the two
+        // concepts.
+        let stroke = cell_stroke.fold(stroke).map(Option::flatten);
+        cell.push_x(Smart::Custom(x));
+        cell.push_y(Smart::Custom(y));
+        cell.push_fill(Smart::Custom(fill.clone()));
+        cell.push_align(match align {
+            Smart::Custom(align) => {
+                Smart::Custom(cell.align(styles).map_or(align, |inner| inner.fold(align)))
+            }
+            // Don't fold if the grid is using outer alignment. Use the
+            // cell's alignment instead (which, in the end, will fold with
+            // the outer alignment when it is effectively displayed).
+            Smart::Auto => cell.align(styles),
+        });
+        cell.push_inset(Smart::Custom(
+            cell.inset(styles).map_or(inset, |inner| inner.fold(inset)),
+        ));
+        cell.push_stroke(
+            // Here we convert the resolved stroke to a regular stroke, however
+            // with resolved units (that is, 'em' converted to absolute units).
+            // We also convert any stroke unspecified by both the cell and the
+            // outer stroke ('None' in the folded stroke) to 'none', that is,
+            // all sides are present in the resulting Sides object accessible
+            // by show rules on grid cells.
+            stroke.as_ref().map(|side| {
+                Some(side.as_ref().map(|cell_stroke| {
+                    Arc::new((**cell_stroke).clone().map(Length::from))
+                }))
+            }),
+        );
+        cell.push_breakable(Smart::Custom(breakable));
+        Cell {
+            body: self.pack(),
+            locator,
+            fill,
+            colspan,
+            rowspan,
+            stroke,
+            stroke_overridden,
+            breakable,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
+        (**self).x(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
+        (**self).y(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
+        (**self).colspan(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
+        (**self).rowspan(styles)
+    }
+
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        Packed::span(self)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/repeated.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/repeated.rs
index f187d0bc..972179da 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/repeated.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/repeated.rs
@@ -1,25 +1,27 @@
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, Regions};
+
+use super::layouter::GridLayouter;
 use super::rowspans::UnbreakableRowGroup;
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, GridLayouter, Regions};
 
 /// A repeatable grid header. Starts at the first row.
-pub(super) struct Header {
+pub struct Header {
     /// The index after the last row included in this header.
-    pub(super) end: usize,
+    pub end: usize,
 }
 
 /// A repeatable grid footer. Stops at the last row.
-pub(super) struct Footer {
+pub struct Footer {
     /// The first row included in this footer.
-    pub(super) start: usize,
+    pub start: usize,
 }
 
 /// A possibly repeatable grid object.
 /// It still exists even when not repeatable, but must not have additional
 /// considerations by grid layout, other than for consistency (such as making
 /// a certain group of rows unbreakable).
-pub(super) enum Repeatable<T> {
+pub enum Repeatable<T> {
     Repeated(T),
     NotRepeated(T),
 }
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ pub(super) enum Repeatable<T> {
 impl<T> Repeatable<T> {
     /// Gets the value inside this repeatable, regardless of whether
     /// it repeats.
-    pub(super) fn unwrap(&self) -> &T {
+    pub fn unwrap(&self) -> &T {
         match self {
             Self::Repeated(repeated) => repeated,
             Self::NotRepeated(not_repeated) => not_repeated,
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ impl<T> Repeatable<T> {
     }
 
     /// Returns `Some` if the value is repeated, `None` otherwise.
-    pub(super) fn as_repeated(&self) -> Option<&T> {
+    pub fn as_repeated(&self) -> Option<&T> {
         match self {
             Self::Repeated(repeated) => Some(repeated),
             Self::NotRepeated(_) => None,
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ impl<T> Repeatable<T> {
 impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// Layouts the header's rows.
     /// Skips regions as necessary.
-    pub(super) fn layout_header(
+    pub fn layout_header(
         &mut self,
         header: &Header,
         engine: &mut Engine,
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Simulate the header's group of rows.
-    pub(super) fn simulate_header(
+    pub fn simulate_header(
         &self,
         header: &Header,
         regions: &Regions<'_>,
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Updates `self.footer_height` by simulating the footer, and skips to fitting region.
-    pub(super) fn prepare_footer(
+    pub fn prepare_footer(
         &mut self,
         footer: &Footer,
         engine: &mut Engine,
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
 
     /// Lays out all rows in the footer.
     /// They are unbreakable.
-    pub(super) fn layout_footer(
+    pub fn layout_footer(
         &mut self,
         footer: &Footer,
         engine: &mut Engine,
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     }
 
     // Simulate the footer's group of rows.
-    pub(super) fn simulate_footer(
+    pub fn simulate_footer(
         &self,
         footer: &Footer,
         regions: &Regions<'_>,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/rowspans.rs
index 6381ba66..03b4103f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/grid/rowspans.rs
@@ -1,88 +1,88 @@
-use super::layout::{in_last_with_offset, points, Row, RowPiece};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::Resolve;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, Point, Region, Regions, Size, Sizing};
+use typst_utils::MaybeReverseIter;
+
+use super::layouter::{in_last_with_offset, points, Row, RowPiece};
 use super::repeated::Repeatable;
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::Resolve;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Cell, Frame, GridLayouter, Point, Region, Regions, Size, Sizing,
-};
-use crate::utils::MaybeReverseIter;
+use super::{Cell, GridLayouter};
 
 /// All information needed to layout a single rowspan.
-pub(super) struct Rowspan {
+pub struct Rowspan {
     /// First column of this rowspan.
-    pub(super) x: usize,
+    pub x: usize,
     /// First row of this rowspan.
-    pub(super) y: usize,
+    pub y: usize,
     /// The disambiguator for laying out the cells.
-    pub(super) disambiguator: usize,
+    pub disambiguator: usize,
     /// Amount of rows spanned by the cell at (x, y).
-    pub(super) rowspan: usize,
+    pub rowspan: usize,
     /// Whether all rows of the rowspan are part of an unbreakable row group.
     /// This is true e.g. in headers and footers, regardless of what the user
     /// specified for the parent cell's `breakable` field.
-    pub(super) is_effectively_unbreakable: bool,
+    pub is_effectively_unbreakable: bool,
     /// The horizontal offset of this rowspan in all regions.
-    pub(super) dx: Abs,
+    pub dx: Abs,
     /// The vertical offset of this rowspan in the first region.
-    pub(super) dy: Abs,
+    pub dy: Abs,
     /// The index of the first region this rowspan appears in.
-    pub(super) first_region: usize,
+    pub first_region: usize,
     /// The full height in the first region this rowspan appears in, for
     /// relative sizing.
-    pub(super) region_full: Abs,
+    pub region_full: Abs,
     /// The vertical space available for this rowspan in each region.
-    pub(super) heights: Vec<Abs>,
+    pub heights: Vec<Abs>,
     /// The index of the largest resolved spanned row so far.
     /// Once a spanned row is resolved and its height added to `heights`, this
     /// number is increased. Older rows, even if repeated through e.g. a
     /// header, will no longer contribute height to this rowspan.
     ///
     /// This is `None` if no spanned rows were resolved in `finish_region` yet.
-    pub(super) max_resolved_row: Option<usize>,
+    pub max_resolved_row: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 /// The output of the simulation of an unbreakable row group.
 #[derive(Default)]
-pub(super) struct UnbreakableRowGroup {
+pub struct UnbreakableRowGroup {
     /// The rows in this group of unbreakable rows.
     /// Includes their indices and their predicted heights.
-    pub(super) rows: Vec<(usize, Abs)>,
+    pub rows: Vec<(usize, Abs)>,
     /// The total height of this row group.
-    pub(super) height: Abs,
+    pub height: Abs,
 }
 
 /// Data used to measure a cell in an auto row.
-pub(super) struct CellMeasurementData<'layouter> {
+pub struct CellMeasurementData<'layouter> {
     /// The available width for the cell across all regions.
-    pub(super) width: Abs,
+    pub width: Abs,
     /// The available height for the cell in its first region.
     /// Infinite when the auto row is unbreakable.
-    pub(super) height: Abs,
+    pub height: Abs,
     /// The backlog of heights available for the cell in later regions.
     ///
     /// When this is `None`, the `custom_backlog` field should be used instead.
     /// That's because, otherwise, this field would have to contain a reference
     /// to the `custom_backlog` field, which isn't possible in Rust without
     /// resorting to unsafe hacks.
-    pub(super) backlog: Option<&'layouter [Abs]>,
+    pub backlog: Option<&'layouter [Abs]>,
     /// If the backlog needs to be built from scratch instead of reusing the
     /// one at the current region, which is the case of a multi-region rowspan
     /// (needs to join its backlog of already laid out heights with the current
     /// backlog), then this vector will store the new backlog.
-    pub(super) custom_backlog: Vec<Abs>,
+    pub custom_backlog: Vec<Abs>,
     /// The full height of the first region of the cell.
     /// Infinite when the auto row is unbreakable.
-    pub(super) full: Abs,
+    pub full: Abs,
     /// The height of the last repeated region to use in the measurement pod,
     /// if any.
-    pub(super) last: Option<Abs>,
+    pub last: Option<Abs>,
     /// The total height of previous rows spanned by the cell in the current
     /// region (so far).
-    pub(super) height_in_this_region: Abs,
+    pub height_in_this_region: Abs,
     /// The amount of previous regions spanned by the cell.
     /// They are skipped for measurement purposes.
-    pub(super) frames_in_previous_regions: usize,
+    pub frames_in_previous_regions: usize,
 }
 
 impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// We need to do this only once we already know the heights of all
     /// spanned rows, which is only possible after laying out the last row
     /// spanned by the rowspan (or some row immediately after the last one).
-    pub(super) fn layout_rowspan(
+    pub fn layout_rowspan(
         &mut self,
         rowspan_data: Rowspan,
         current_region_data: Option<(&mut Frame, &[RowPiece])>,
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
 
     /// Checks if a row contains the beginning of one or more rowspan cells.
     /// If so, adds them to the rowspans vector.
-    pub(super) fn check_for_rowspans(&mut self, disambiguator: usize, y: usize) {
+    pub fn check_for_rowspans(&mut self, disambiguator: usize, y: usize) {
         // We will compute the horizontal offset of each rowspan in advance.
         // For that reason, we must reverse the column order when using RTL.
         let offsets = points(self.rcols.iter().copied().rev_if(self.is_rtl));
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// unbreakable row group, and, if so, advances regions until there is
     /// enough space for them. This can be needed, for example, if there's an
     /// unbreakable rowspan crossing those rows.
-    pub(super) fn check_for_unbreakable_rows(
+    pub fn check_for_unbreakable_rows(
         &mut self,
         current_row: usize,
         engine: &mut Engine,
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     ///
     /// This is used to figure out how much height the next unbreakable row
     /// group (if any) needs.
-    pub(super) fn simulate_unbreakable_row_group(
+    pub fn simulate_unbreakable_row_group(
         &self,
         first_row: usize,
         amount_unbreakable_rows: Option<usize>,
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// Checks if one or more of the cells at the given row are unbreakable.
     /// If so, returns the largest rowspan among the unbreakable cells;
     /// the spanned rows must, as a result, be laid out in the same region.
-    pub(super) fn check_for_unbreakable_cells(&self, y: usize) -> usize {
+    pub fn check_for_unbreakable_cells(&self, y: usize) -> usize {
         (0..self.grid.cols.len())
             .filter_map(|x| self.grid.cell(x, y))
             .filter(|cell| !cell.breakable)
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     }
 
     /// Used by `measure_auto_row` to gather data needed to measure the cell.
-    pub(super) fn prepare_auto_row_cell_measurement(
+    pub fn prepare_auto_row_cell_measurement(
         &self,
         parent: Axes<usize>,
         cell: &Cell,
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// expand the auto row based on the rowspan's demanded size, or `false`
     /// otherwise.
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    pub(super) fn prepare_rowspan_sizes(
+    pub fn prepare_rowspan_sizes(
         &self,
         auto_row_y: usize,
         sizes: &mut Vec<Abs>,
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// in each region and the pending rowspans' data (parent Y, rowspan amount
     /// and vector of requested sizes).
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-    pub(super) fn simulate_and_measure_rowspans_in_auto_row(
+    pub fn simulate_and_measure_rowspans_in_auto_row(
         &self,
         y: usize,
         resolved: &mut Vec<Abs>,
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/image.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/image.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84a60282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/image.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, warning, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Region, Size,
+};
+use typst_library::loading::Readable;
+use typst_library::text::families;
+use typst_library::visualize::{
+    Image, ImageElem, ImageFit, ImageFormat, Path, RasterFormat, VectorFormat,
+};
+
+/// Layout the image.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_image(
+    elem: &Packed<ImageElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    _: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let span = elem.span();
+
+    // Take the format that was explicitly defined, or parse the extension,
+    // or try to detect the format.
+    let data = elem.data();
+    let format = match elem.format(styles) {
+        Smart::Custom(v) => v,
+        Smart::Auto => determine_format(elem.path().as_str(), data).at(span)?,
+    };
+
+    // Warn the user if the image contains a foreign object. Not perfect
+    // because the svg could also be encoded, but that's an edge case.
+    if format == ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg) {
+        let has_foreign_object =
+            data.as_str().is_some_and(|s| s.contains("<foreignObject"));
+
+        if has_foreign_object {
+            engine.sink.warn(warning!(
+                span,
+                "image contains foreign object";
+                hint: "SVG images with foreign objects might render incorrectly in typst";
+                hint: "see https://github.com/typst/typst/issues/1421 for more information"
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Construct the image itself.
+    let image = Image::with_fonts(
+        data.clone().into(),
+        format,
+        elem.alt(styles),
+        engine.world,
+        &families(styles).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    )
+    .at(span)?;
+
+    // Determine the image's pixel aspect ratio.
+    let pxw = image.width();
+    let pxh = image.height();
+    let px_ratio = pxw / pxh;
+
+    // Determine the region's aspect ratio.
+    let region_ratio = region.size.x / region.size.y;
+
+    // Find out whether the image is wider or taller than the region.
+    let wide = px_ratio > region_ratio;
+
+    // The space into which the image will be placed according to its fit.
+    let target = if region.expand.x && region.expand.y {
+        // If both width and height are forced, take them.
+        region.size
+    } else if region.expand.x {
+        // If just width is forced, take it.
+        Size::new(region.size.x, region.size.y.min(region.size.x / px_ratio))
+    } else if region.expand.y {
+        // If just height is forced, take it.
+        Size::new(region.size.x.min(region.size.y * px_ratio), region.size.y)
+    } else {
+        // If neither is forced, take the natural image size at the image's
+        // DPI bounded by the available space.
+        let dpi = image.dpi().unwrap_or(Image::DEFAULT_DPI);
+        let natural = Axes::new(pxw, pxh).map(|v| Abs::inches(v / dpi));
+        Size::new(
+            natural.x.min(region.size.x).min(region.size.y * px_ratio),
+            natural.y.min(region.size.y).min(region.size.x / px_ratio),
+        )
+    };
+
+    // Compute the actual size of the fitted image.
+    let fit = elem.fit(styles);
+    let fitted = match fit {
+        ImageFit::Cover | ImageFit::Contain => {
+            if wide == (fit == ImageFit::Contain) {
+                Size::new(target.x, target.x / px_ratio)
+            } else {
+                Size::new(target.y * px_ratio, target.y)
+            }
+        }
+        ImageFit::Stretch => target,
+    };
+
+    // First, place the image in a frame of exactly its size and then resize
+    // the frame to the target size, center aligning the image in the
+    // process.
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(fitted);
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Image(image, fitted, span));
+    frame.resize(target, Axes::splat(FixedAlignment::Center));
+
+    // Create a clipping group if only part of the image should be visible.
+    if fit == ImageFit::Cover && !target.fits(fitted) {
+        frame.clip(Path::rect(frame.size()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+/// Determine the image format based on path and data.
+fn determine_format(path: &str, data: &Readable) -> StrResult<ImageFormat> {
+    let ext = std::path::Path::new(path)
+        .extension()
+        .and_then(OsStr::to_str)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .to_lowercase();
+
+    Ok(match ext.as_str() {
+        "png" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Png),
+        "jpg" | "jpeg" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Jpg),
+        "gif" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Gif),
+        "svg" | "svgz" => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
+        _ => match &data {
+            Readable::Str(_) => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
+            Readable::Bytes(bytes) => match RasterFormat::detect(bytes) {
+                Some(f) => ImageFormat::Raster(f),
+                None => bail!("unknown image format"),
+            },
+        },
+    })
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/box.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/box.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30572e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/box.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{BoxElem, Frame, FrameKind, Size};
+use typst_library::visualize::Stroke;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+use crate::flow::unbreakable_pod;
+use crate::shapes::{clip_rect, fill_and_stroke};
+
+/// Lay out a box as part of a paragraph.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "box", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_box(
+    elem: &Packed<BoxElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Size,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    // Fetch sizing properties.
+    let width = elem.width(styles);
+    let height = elem.height(styles);
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+
+    // Build the pod region.
+    let pod = unbreakable_pod(&width, &height.into(), &inset, styles, region);
+
+    // Layout the body.
+    let mut frame = match elem.body(styles) {
+        // If we have no body, just create an empty frame. If necessary,
+        // its size will be adjusted below.
+        None => Frame::hard(Size::zero()),
+
+        // If we have a child, layout it into the body. Boxes are boundaries
+        // for gradient relativeness, so we set the `FrameKind` to `Hard`.
+        Some(body) => crate::layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?
+            .with_kind(FrameKind::Hard),
+    };
+
+    // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
+    // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
+    frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(pod.size, frame.size()));
+
+    // Apply the inset.
+    if !inset.is_zero() {
+        crate::pad::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
+    }
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem
+        .stroke(styles)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
+
+    // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
+    let outset = Lazy::new(|| elem.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+    let radius = Lazy::new(|| elem.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+
+    // Clip the contents, if requested.
+    if elem.clip(styles) {
+        let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
+        frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
+    }
+
+    // Add fill and/or stroke.
+    if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
+        fill_and_stroke(&mut frame, fill, &stroke, &outset, &radius, elem.span());
+    }
+
+    // Assign label to the frame.
+    if let Some(label) = elem.label() {
+        frame.label(label);
+    }
+
+    // Apply baseline shift. Do this after setting the size and applying the
+    // inset, so that a relative shift is resolved relative to the final
+    // height.
+    let shift = elem.baseline(styles).relative_to(frame.height());
+    if !shift.is_zero() {
+        frame.set_baseline(frame.baseline() - shift);
+    }
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/collect.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/collect.rs
index af14b152..fbcddee5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/collect.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/collect.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-use super::*;
-use crate::diag::bail;
-use crate::foundations::{Packed, Resolve};
-use crate::introspection::{SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
-use crate::layout::{
+use typst_library::diag::bail;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Resolve};
+use typst_library::introspection::{SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
+use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, AlignElem, BoxElem, Dir, Fr, Frame, HElem, InlineElem, InlineItem, Sizing,
     Spacing,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{
+use typst_library::text::{
     is_default_ignorable, LinebreakElem, SmartQuoteElem, SmartQuoter, SmartQuotes,
     SpaceElem, TextElem,
 };
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+use super::*;
 
 // The characters by which spacing, inline content and pins are replaced in the
 // paragraph's full text.
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@ pub fn collect<'a>(
             if let Sizing::Fr(v) = elem.width(styles) {
                 collector.push_item(Item::Fractional(v, Some((elem, loc, styles))));
             } else {
-                let frame = elem.layout(engine, loc, styles, region)?;
+                let frame = layout_box(elem, engine, loc, styles, region)?;
                 collector.push_item(Item::Frame(frame, styles));
             }
         } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/deco.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/deco.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c01b369b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/deco.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+use kurbo::{BezPath, Line, ParamCurve};
+use ttf_parser::{GlyphId, OutlineBuilder};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::text::{
+    BottomEdge, DecoLine, Decoration, TextEdgeBounds, TextItem, TopEdge,
+};
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use crate::shapes::styled_rect;
+
+/// Add line decorations to a single run of shaped text.
+pub fn decorate(
+    frame: &mut Frame,
+    deco: &Decoration,
+    text: &TextItem,
+    width: Abs,
+    shift: Abs,
+    pos: Point,
+) {
+    let font_metrics = text.font.metrics();
+
+    if let DecoLine::Highlight { fill, stroke, top_edge, bottom_edge, radius } =
+        &deco.line
+    {
+        let (top, bottom) = determine_edges(text, *top_edge, *bottom_edge);
+        let size = Size::new(width + 2.0 * deco.extent, top + bottom);
+        let rects = styled_rect(size, radius, fill.clone(), stroke);
+        let origin = Point::new(pos.x - deco.extent, pos.y - top - shift);
+        frame.prepend_multiple(
+            rects
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|shape| (origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()))),
+        );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let (stroke, metrics, offset, evade, background) = match &deco.line {
+        DecoLine::Strikethrough { stroke, offset, background } => {
+            (stroke, font_metrics.strikethrough, offset, false, *background)
+        }
+        DecoLine::Overline { stroke, offset, evade, background } => {
+            (stroke, font_metrics.overline, offset, *evade, *background)
+        }
+        DecoLine::Underline { stroke, offset, evade, background } => {
+            (stroke, font_metrics.underline, offset, *evade, *background)
+        }
+        _ => return,
+    };
+
+    let offset = offset.unwrap_or(-metrics.position.at(text.size)) - shift;
+    let stroke = stroke.clone().unwrap_or(FixedStroke::from_pair(
+        text.fill.as_decoration(),
+        metrics.thickness.at(text.size),
+    ));
+
+    let gap_padding = 0.08 * text.size;
+    let min_width = 0.162 * text.size;
+
+    let start = pos.x - deco.extent;
+    let end = pos.x + width + deco.extent;
+
+    let mut push_segment = |from: Abs, to: Abs, prepend: bool| {
+        let origin = Point::new(from, pos.y + offset);
+        let target = Point::new(to - from, Abs::zero());
+
+        if target.x >= min_width || !evade {
+            let shape = Geometry::Line(target).stroked(stroke.clone());
+
+            if prepend {
+                frame.prepend(origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()));
+            } else {
+                frame.push(origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    if !evade {
+        push_segment(start, end, background);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let line = Line::new(
+        kurbo::Point::new(pos.x.to_raw(), offset.to_raw()),
+        kurbo::Point::new((pos.x + width).to_raw(), offset.to_raw()),
+    );
+
+    let mut x = pos.x;
+    let mut intersections = vec![];
+
+    for glyph in text.glyphs.iter() {
+        let dx = glyph.x_offset.at(text.size) + x;
+        let mut builder =
+            BezPathBuilder::new(font_metrics.units_per_em, text.size, dx.to_raw());
+
+        let bbox = text.font.ttf().outline_glyph(GlyphId(glyph.id), &mut builder);
+        let path = builder.finish();
+
+        x += glyph.x_advance.at(text.size);
+
+        // Only do the costly segments intersection test if the line
+        // intersects the bounding box.
+        let intersect = bbox.is_some_and(|bbox| {
+            let y_min = -text.font.to_em(bbox.y_max).at(text.size);
+            let y_max = -text.font.to_em(bbox.y_min).at(text.size);
+            offset >= y_min && offset <= y_max
+        });
+
+        if intersect {
+            // Find all intersections of segments with the line.
+            intersections.extend(
+                path.segments()
+                    .flat_map(|seg| seg.intersect_line(line))
+                    .map(|is| Abs::raw(line.eval(is.line_t).x)),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Add start and end points, taking padding into account.
+    intersections.push(start - gap_padding);
+    intersections.push(end + gap_padding);
+    // When emitting the decorative line segments, we move from left to
+    // right. The intersections are not necessarily in this order, yet.
+    intersections.sort();
+
+    for edge in intersections.windows(2) {
+        let l = edge[0];
+        let r = edge[1];
+
+        // If we are too close, don't draw the segment
+        if r - l < gap_padding {
+            continue;
+        } else {
+            push_segment(l + gap_padding, r - gap_padding, background);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Return the top/bottom edge of the text given the metric of the font.
+fn determine_edges(
+    text: &TextItem,
+    top_edge: TopEdge,
+    bottom_edge: BottomEdge,
+) -> (Abs, Abs) {
+    let mut top = Abs::zero();
+    let mut bottom = Abs::zero();
+
+    for g in text.glyphs.iter() {
+        let (t, b) = text.font.edges(
+            top_edge,
+            bottom_edge,
+            text.size,
+            TextEdgeBounds::Glyph(g.id),
+        );
+        top.set_max(t);
+        bottom.set_max(b);
+    }
+
+    (top, bottom)
+}
+
+/// Builds a kurbo [`BezPath`] for a glyph.
+struct BezPathBuilder {
+    path: BezPath,
+    units_per_em: f64,
+    font_size: Abs,
+    x_offset: f64,
+}
+
+impl BezPathBuilder {
+    fn new(units_per_em: f64, font_size: Abs, x_offset: f64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            path: BezPath::new(),
+            units_per_em,
+            font_size,
+            x_offset,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn finish(self) -> BezPath {
+        self.path
+    }
+
+    fn p(&self, x: f32, y: f32) -> kurbo::Point {
+        kurbo::Point::new(self.s(x) + self.x_offset, -self.s(y))
+    }
+
+    fn s(&self, v: f32) -> f64 {
+        Em::from_units(v, self.units_per_em).at(self.font_size).to_raw()
+    }
+}
+
+impl OutlineBuilder for BezPathBuilder {
+    fn move_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
+        self.path.move_to(self.p(x, y));
+    }
+
+    fn line_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
+        self.path.line_to(self.p(x, y));
+    }
+
+    fn quad_to(&mut self, x1: f32, y1: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
+        self.path.quad_to(self.p(x1, y1), self.p(x, y));
+    }
+
+    fn curve_to(&mut self, x1: f32, y1: f32, x2: f32, y2: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
+        self.path.curve_to(self.p(x1, y1), self.p(x2, y2), self.p(x, y));
+    }
+
+    fn close(&mut self) {
+        self.path.close_path();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/finalize.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/finalize.rs
index 082e3613..599ace9d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/finalize.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/finalize.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use typst_library::introspection::SplitLocator;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use super::*;
-use crate::introspection::SplitLocator;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// Turns the selected lines into frames.
 #[typst_macros::time]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/line.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/line.rs
index a512c32d..596e109e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/line.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/line.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::NativeElement;
+use typst_library::introspection::{SplitLocator, Tag};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Dir, Em, Fr, Frame, FrameItem, Point};
+use typst_library::model::{ParLine, ParLineMarker};
+use typst_library::text::{Lang, TextElem};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use super::*;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::NativeElement;
-use crate::introspection::{SplitLocator, Tag};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Em, Fr, Frame, FrameItem, Point};
-use crate::model::{ParLine, ParLineMarker};
-use crate::text::{Lang, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 const SHY: char = '\u{ad}';
 const HYPHEN: char = '-';
@@ -510,7 +511,7 @@ pub fn commit(
                 if let Some((elem, loc, styles)) = elem {
                     let region = Size::new(amount, full);
                     let mut frame =
-                        elem.layout(engine, loc.relayout(), *styles, region)?;
+                        layout_box(elem, engine, loc.relayout(), *styles, region)?;
                     frame.translate(Point::with_y(TextElem::baseline_in(*styles)));
                     push(&mut offset, frame.post_processed(*styles));
                 } else {
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ fn add_par_line_marker(
     // where line numbers can be displayed), so we just need it to be in a tag
     // and to be valid (to have a location).
     let mut marker = ParLineMarker::new(numbering, align, margin, clearance).pack();
-    let key = crate::utils::hash128(&marker);
+    let key = typst_utils::hash128(&marker);
     let loc = locator.next_location(engine.introspector, key);
     marker.set_location(loc);
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/linebreak.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/linebreak.rs
index aa62d487..7fc8b368 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/linebreak.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/linebreak.rs
@@ -8,14 +8,14 @@ use icu_provider_adapters::fork::ForkByKeyProvider;
 use icu_provider_blob::BlobDataProvider;
 use icu_segmenter::LineSegmenter;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Em};
+use typst_library::model::Linebreaks;
+use typst_library::text::{is_default_ignorable, Lang, TextElem};
+use typst_syntax::link_prefix;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Em};
-use crate::model::Linebreaks;
-use crate::syntax::link_prefix;
-use crate::text::{is_default_ignorable, Lang, TextElem};
 
 /// The cost of a line or paragraph layout.
 type Cost = f64;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/mod.rs
index 275cb332..658e3084 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/mod.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
+#[path = "box.rs"]
+mod box_;
 mod collect;
+mod deco;
 mod finalize;
 mod line;
 mod linebreak;
 mod prepare;
 mod shaping;
 
+pub use self::box_::layout_box;
+
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{StyleChain, StyleVec};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink};
+use typst_library::layout::{Fragment, Size};
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
+use typst_library::routines::Routines;
+use typst_library::World;
 
 use self::collect::{collect, Item, Segment, SpanMapper};
+use self::deco::decorate;
 use self::finalize::finalize;
 use self::line::{commit, line, Line};
 use self::linebreak::{linebreak, Breakpoint};
@@ -16,19 +30,12 @@ use self::shaping::{
     cjk_punct_style, is_of_cj_script, shape_range, ShapedGlyph, ShapedText,
     BEGIN_PUNCT_PAT, END_PUNCT_PAT,
 };
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{StyleChain, StyleVec};
-use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink};
-use crate::layout::{Fragment, Size};
-use crate::model::ParElem;
-use crate::World;
 
 /// Range of a substring of text.
 type Range = std::ops::Range<usize>;
 
 /// Layouts content inline.
-pub(crate) fn layout_inline(
+pub fn layout_inline(
     engine: &mut Engine,
     children: &StyleVec,
     locator: Locator,
@@ -39,6 +46,7 @@ pub(crate) fn layout_inline(
 ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
     layout_inline_impl(
         children,
+        engine.routines,
         engine.world,
         engine.introspector,
         engine.traced,
@@ -57,6 +65,7 @@ pub(crate) fn layout_inline(
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_inline_impl(
     children: &StyleVec,
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -71,6 +80,7 @@ fn layout_inline_impl(
     let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
     let locator = Locator::link(&link);
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/prepare.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/prepare.rs
index 3ac155b5..2dd79aec 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/prepare.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/prepare.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
+use typst_library::foundations::{Resolve, Smart};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Dir, Em, FixedAlignment};
+use typst_library::model::Linebreaks;
+use typst_library::text::{Costs, Lang, TextElem};
 use unicode_bidi::{BidiInfo, Level as BidiLevel};
 
 use super::*;
-use crate::foundations::{Resolve, Smart};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Dir, Em, FixedAlignment};
-use crate::model::Linebreaks;
-use crate::text::{Costs, Lang, TextElem};
 
 /// A paragraph representation in which children are already layouted and text
 /// is already preshaped.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/shaping.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/shaping.rs
index 5b95dadb..bd803b52 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/shaping.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/inline/shaping.rs
@@ -7,19 +7,19 @@ use az::SaturatingAs;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use rustybuzz::{BufferFlags, ShapePlan, UnicodeBuffer};
 use ttf_parser::Tag;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Dir, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::text::{
+    families, features, is_default_ignorable, variant, Font, FontVariant, Glyph, Lang,
+    Region, TextEdgeBounds, TextElem, TextItem,
+};
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_utils::SliceExt;
 use unicode_bidi::{BidiInfo, Level as BidiLevel};
 use unicode_script::{Script, UnicodeScript};
 
-use super::{Item, Range, SpanMapper};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::text::{
-    decorate, families, features, is_default_ignorable, variant, Font, FontVariant,
-    Glyph, Lang, Region, TextEdgeBounds, TextElem, TextItem,
-};
-use crate::utils::SliceExt;
-use crate::World;
+use super::{decorate, Item, Range, SpanMapper};
 
 /// The result of shaping text.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7069fc4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//! Typst's layout engine.
+
+mod flow;
+mod grid;
+mod image;
+mod inline;
+mod lists;
+mod math;
+mod pad;
+mod pages;
+mod repeat;
+mod shapes;
+mod stack;
+mod transforms;
+
+pub use self::flow::{layout_columns, layout_fragment, layout_frame};
+pub use self::grid::{layout_grid, layout_table};
+pub use self::image::layout_image;
+pub use self::inline::{layout_box, layout_inline};
+pub use self::lists::{layout_enum, layout_list};
+pub use self::math::{layout_equation_block, layout_equation_inline};
+pub use self::pad::layout_pad;
+pub use self::pages::layout_document;
+pub use self::repeat::layout_repeat;
+pub use self::shapes::{
+    layout_circle, layout_ellipse, layout_line, layout_path, layout_polygon, layout_rect,
+    layout_square,
+};
+pub use self::stack::layout_stack;
+pub use self::transforms::{layout_move, layout_rotate, layout_scale, layout_skew};
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/lists.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/lists.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08c2a2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/lists.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use comemo::Track;
+use smallvec::smallvec;
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Context, Depth, Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{Axes, Fragment, HAlignment, Regions, Sizing, VAlignment};
+use typst_library::model::{EnumElem, ListElem, Numbering, ParElem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+
+use crate::grid::{Cell, CellGrid, GridLayouter};
+
+/// Layout the list.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_list(
+    elem: &Packed<ListElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
+    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
+    let gutter = elem.spacing(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        if elem.tight(styles) {
+            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
+        } else {
+            ParElem::spacing_in(styles).into()
+        }
+    });
+
+    let Depth(depth) = ListElem::depth_in(styles);
+    let marker = elem
+        .marker(styles)
+        .resolve(engine, styles, depth)?
+        // avoid '#set align' interference with the list
+        .aligned(HAlignment::Start + VAlignment::Top);
+
+    let mut cells = vec![];
+    let mut locator = locator.split();
+
+    for item in elem.children() {
+        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(marker.clone(), locator.next(&marker.span())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(
+            item.body.clone().styled(ListElem::set_depth(Depth(1))),
+            locator.next(&item.body.span()),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    let grid = CellGrid::new(
+        Axes::with_x(&[
+            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+        ]),
+        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
+        cells,
+    );
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
+
+/// Layout the enumeration.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_enum(
+    elem: &Packed<EnumElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let numbering = elem.numbering(styles);
+    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
+    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
+    let gutter = elem.spacing(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        if elem.tight(styles) {
+            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
+        } else {
+            ParElem::spacing_in(styles).into()
+        }
+    });
+
+    let mut cells = vec![];
+    let mut locator = locator.split();
+    let mut number = elem.start(styles);
+    let mut parents = EnumElem::parents_in(styles);
+
+    let full = elem.full(styles);
+
+    // Horizontally align based on the given respective parameter.
+    // Vertically align to the top to avoid inheriting `horizon` or `bottom`
+    // alignment from the context and having the number be displaced in
+    // relation to the item it refers to.
+    let number_align = elem.number_align(styles);
+
+    for item in elem.children() {
+        number = item.number(styles).unwrap_or(number);
+
+        let context = Context::new(None, Some(styles));
+        let resolved = if full {
+            parents.push(number);
+            let content = numbering.apply(engine, context.track(), &parents)?.display();
+            parents.pop();
+            content
+        } else {
+            match numbering {
+                Numbering::Pattern(pattern) => {
+                    TextElem::packed(pattern.apply_kth(parents.len(), number))
+                }
+                other => other.apply(engine, context.track(), &[number])?.display(),
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Disable overhang as a workaround to end-aligned dots glitching
+        // and decreasing spacing between numbers and items.
+        let resolved =
+            resolved.aligned(number_align).styled(TextElem::set_overhang(false));
+
+        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(resolved, locator.next(&())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
+        cells.push(Cell::new(
+            item.body.clone().styled(EnumElem::set_parents(smallvec![number])),
+            locator.next(&item.body.span()),
+        ));
+        number = number.saturating_add(1);
+    }
+
+    let grid = CellGrid::new(
+        Axes::with_x(&[
+            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+        ]),
+        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
+        cells,
+    );
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/accent.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/accent.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fa7a5a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/accent.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Em, Frame, Point, Rel, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{Accent, AccentElem};
+
+use super::{
+    scaled_font_size, style_cramped, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, MathContext,
+    MathFragment,
+};
+
+/// How much the accent can be shorter than the base.
+const ACCENT_SHORT_FALL: Em = Em::new(0.5);
+
+/// Lays out an [`AccentElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.accent", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_accent(
+    elem: &Packed<AccentElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let cramped = style_cramped();
+    let base = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.base(), styles.chain(&cramped))?;
+
+    // Preserve class to preserve automatic spacing.
+    let base_class = base.class();
+    let base_attach = base.accent_attach();
+
+    let width = elem
+        .size(styles)
+        .unwrap_or(Rel::one())
+        .at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles))
+        .relative_to(base.width());
+
+    // Forcing the accent to be at least as large as the base makes it too
+    // wide in many case.
+    let Accent(c) = elem.accent();
+    let glyph = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, *c, elem.span());
+    let short_fall = ACCENT_SHORT_FALL.at(glyph.font_size);
+    let variant = glyph.stretch_horizontal(ctx, width, short_fall);
+    let accent = variant.frame;
+    let accent_attach = variant.accent_attach;
+
+    // Descent is negative because the accent's ink bottom is above the
+    // baseline. Therefore, the default gap is the accent's negated descent
+    // minus the accent base height. Only if the base is very small, we need
+    // a larger gap so that the accent doesn't move too low.
+    let accent_base_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, accent_base_height);
+    let gap = -accent.descent() - base.height().min(accent_base_height);
+    let size = Size::new(base.width(), accent.height() + gap + base.height());
+    let accent_pos = Point::with_x(base_attach - accent_attach);
+    let base_pos = Point::with_y(accent.height() + gap);
+    let baseline = base_pos.y + base.ascent();
+    let base_italics_correction = base.italics_correction();
+    let base_text_like = base.is_text_like();
+
+    let base_ascent = match &base {
+        MathFragment::Frame(frame) => frame.base_ascent,
+        _ => base.ascent(),
+    };
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    frame.set_baseline(baseline);
+    frame.push_frame(accent_pos, accent);
+    frame.push_frame(base_pos, base.into_frame());
+    ctx.push(
+        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
+            .with_class(base_class)
+            .with_base_ascent(base_ascent)
+            .with_italics_correction(base_italics_correction)
+            .with_accent_attach(base_attach)
+            .with_text_like(base_text_like),
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/attach.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/attach.rs
index 9eb0c824..0f9090f7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/attach.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/attach.rs
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axis, Corner, Frame, Length, Point, Rel, Size};
-use crate::math::{
-    stretch_fragment, style_for_subscript, style_for_superscript, EquationElem,
-    FrameFragment, LayoutMath, MathContext, MathFragment, MathSize, Scaled, StretchElem,
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axis, Corner, Frame, Length, Point, Rel, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{
+    AttachElem, EquationElem, LimitsElem, PrimesElem, ScriptsElem, StretchElem,
+};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_utils::OptionExt;
+
+use super::{
+    stretch_fragment, style_for_subscript, style_for_superscript, FrameFragment, Limits,
+    MathContext, MathFragment,
 };
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::OptionExt;
 
 macro_rules! measure {
     ($e: ident, $attr: ident) => {
@@ -16,300 +18,140 @@ macro_rules! measure {
     };
 }
 
-/// A base with optional attachments.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ attach(
-///   Pi, t: alpha, b: beta,
-///   tl: 1, tr: 2+3, bl: 4+5, br: 6,
-/// ) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct AttachElem {
-    /// The base to which things are attached.
-    #[required]
-    pub base: Content,
-
-    /// The top attachment, smartly positioned at top-right or above the base.
-    ///
-    /// You can wrap the base in `{limits()}` or `{scripts()}` to override the
-    /// smart positioning.
-    pub t: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The bottom attachment, smartly positioned at the bottom-right or below
-    /// the base.
-    ///
-    /// You can wrap the base in `{limits()}` or `{scripts()}` to override the
-    /// smart positioning.
-    pub b: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The top-left attachment (before the base).
-    pub tl: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The bottom-left attachment (before base).
-    pub bl: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The top-right attachment (after the base).
-    pub tr: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The bottom-right attachment (after the base).
-    pub br: Option<Content>,
-}
+/// Lays out an [`AttachElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.attach", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_attach(
+    elem: &Packed<AttachElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let merged = elem.merge_base();
+    let elem = merged.as_ref().unwrap_or(elem);
+    let stretch = stretch_size(styles, elem);
+
+    let mut base = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.base(), styles)?;
+    let sup_style = style_for_superscript(styles);
+    let sup_style_chain = styles.chain(&sup_style);
+    let tl = elem.tl(sup_style_chain);
+    let tr = elem.tr(sup_style_chain);
+    let primed = tr.as_ref().is_some_and(|content| content.is::<PrimesElem>());
+    let t = elem.t(sup_style_chain);
+
+    let sub_style = style_for_subscript(styles);
+    let sub_style_chain = styles.chain(&sub_style);
+    let bl = elem.bl(sub_style_chain);
+    let br = elem.br(sub_style_chain);
+    let b = elem.b(sub_style_chain);
+
+    let limits = base.limits().active(styles);
+    let (t, tr) = match (t, tr) {
+        (Some(t), Some(tr)) if primed && !limits => (None, Some(tr + t)),
+        (Some(t), None) if !limits => (None, Some(t)),
+        (t, tr) => (t, tr),
+    };
+    let (b, br) = if limits || br.is_some() { (b, br) } else { (None, b) };
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<AttachElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.attach", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let new_elem = merge_base(self);
-        let elem = new_elem.as_ref().unwrap_or(self);
-        let stretch = stretch_size(styles, elem);
-
-        let mut base = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.base(), styles)?;
-        let sup_style = style_for_superscript(styles);
-        let sup_style_chain = styles.chain(&sup_style);
-        let tl = elem.tl(sup_style_chain);
-        let tr = elem.tr(sup_style_chain);
-        let primed = tr.as_ref().is_some_and(|content| content.is::<PrimesElem>());
-        let t = elem.t(sup_style_chain);
-
-        let sub_style = style_for_subscript(styles);
-        let sub_style_chain = styles.chain(&sub_style);
-        let bl = elem.bl(sub_style_chain);
-        let br = elem.br(sub_style_chain);
-        let b = elem.b(sub_style_chain);
-
-        let limits = base.limits().active(styles);
-        let (t, tr) = match (t, tr) {
-            (Some(t), Some(tr)) if primed && !limits => (None, Some(tr + t)),
-            (Some(t), None) if !limits => (None, Some(t)),
-            (t, tr) => (t, tr),
+    macro_rules! layout {
+        ($content:ident, $style_chain:ident) => {
+            $content
+                .map(|elem| ctx.layout_into_fragment(&elem, $style_chain))
+                .transpose()
         };
-        let (b, br) = if limits || br.is_some() { (b, br) } else { (None, b) };
-
-        macro_rules! layout {
-            ($content:ident, $style_chain:ident) => {
-                $content
-                    .map(|elem| ctx.layout_into_fragment(&elem, $style_chain))
-                    .transpose()
-            };
-        }
-
-        // Layout the top and bottom attachments early so we can measure their
-        // widths, in order to calculate what the stretch size is relative to.
-        let t = layout!(t, sup_style_chain)?;
-        let b = layout!(b, sub_style_chain)?;
-        if let Some(stretch) = stretch {
-            let relative_to_width = measure!(t, width).max(measure!(b, width));
-            stretch_fragment(
-                ctx,
-                styles,
-                &mut base,
-                Some(Axis::X),
-                Some(relative_to_width),
-                stretch,
-                Abs::zero(),
-            );
-        }
-
-        let fragments = [
-            layout!(tl, sup_style_chain)?,
-            t,
-            layout!(tr, sup_style_chain)?,
-            layout!(bl, sub_style_chain)?,
-            b,
-            layout!(br, sub_style_chain)?,
-        ];
-
-        layout_attachments(ctx, styles, base, fragments)
     }
-}
 
-/// Grouped primes.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ a'''_b = a^'''_b $
-/// ```
-///
-/// # Syntax
-/// This function has dedicated syntax: use apostrophes instead of primes. They
-/// will automatically attach to the previous element, moving superscripts to
-/// the next level.
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct PrimesElem {
-    /// The number of grouped primes.
-    #[required]
-    pub count: usize,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<PrimesElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.primes", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        match *self.count() {
-            count @ 1..=4 => {
-                let c = match count {
-                    1 => '′',
-                    2 => '″',
-                    3 => '‴',
-                    4 => '⁗',
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                };
-                let f = ctx.layout_into_fragment(&TextElem::packed(c), styles)?;
-                ctx.push(f);
-            }
-            count => {
-                // Custom amount of primes
-                let prime = ctx
-                    .layout_into_fragment(&TextElem::packed('′'), styles)?
-                    .into_frame();
-                let width = prime.width() * (count + 1) as f64 / 2.0;
-                let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(width, prime.height()));
-                frame.set_baseline(prime.ascent());
-
-                for i in 0..count {
-                    frame.push_frame(
-                        Point::new(prime.width() * (i as f64 / 2.0), Abs::zero()),
-                        prime.clone(),
-                    )
-                }
-                ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_text_like(true));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Forces a base to display attachments as scripts.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ scripts(sum)_1^2 != sum_1^2 $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct ScriptsElem {
-    /// The base to attach the scripts to.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<ScriptsElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.scripts", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.body(), styles)?;
-        fragment.set_limits(Limits::Never);
-        ctx.push(fragment);
-        Ok(())
+    // Layout the top and bottom attachments early so we can measure their
+    // widths, in order to calculate what the stretch size is relative to.
+    let t = layout!(t, sup_style_chain)?;
+    let b = layout!(b, sub_style_chain)?;
+    if let Some(stretch) = stretch {
+        let relative_to_width = measure!(t, width).max(measure!(b, width));
+        stretch_fragment(
+            ctx,
+            styles,
+            &mut base,
+            Some(Axis::X),
+            Some(relative_to_width),
+            stretch,
+            Abs::zero(),
+        );
     }
-}
-
-/// Forces a base to display attachments as limits.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ limits(A)_1^2 != A_1^2 $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct LimitsElem {
-    /// The base to attach the limits to.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// Whether to also force limits in inline equations.
-    ///
-    /// When applying limits globally (e.g., through a show rule), it is
-    /// typically a good idea to disable this.
-    #[default(true)]
-    pub inline: bool,
-}
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<LimitsElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.limits", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let limits = if self.inline(styles) { Limits::Always } else { Limits::Display };
-        let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.body(), styles)?;
-        fragment.set_limits(limits);
-        ctx.push(fragment);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
+    let fragments = [
+        layout!(tl, sup_style_chain)?,
+        t,
+        layout!(tr, sup_style_chain)?,
+        layout!(bl, sub_style_chain)?,
+        b,
+        layout!(br, sub_style_chain)?,
+    ];
 
-/// Describes in which situation a frame should use limits for attachments.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
-pub enum Limits {
-    /// Always scripts.
-    Never,
-    /// Display limits only in `display` math.
-    Display,
-    /// Always limits.
-    Always,
+    layout_attachments(ctx, styles, base, fragments)
 }
 
-impl Limits {
-    /// The default limit configuration if the given character is the base.
-    pub fn for_char(c: char) -> Self {
-        match unicode_math_class::class(c) {
-            Some(MathClass::Large) => {
-                if is_integral_char(c) {
-                    Limits::Never
-                } else {
-                    Limits::Display
-                }
-            }
-            Some(MathClass::Relation) => Limits::Always,
-            _ => Limits::Never,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The default limit configuration for a math class.
-    pub fn for_class(class: MathClass) -> Self {
-        match class {
-            MathClass::Large => Self::Display,
-            MathClass::Relation => Self::Always,
-            _ => Self::Never,
+/// Lays out a [`PrimeElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.primes", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_primes(
+    elem: &Packed<PrimesElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    match *elem.count() {
+        count @ 1..=4 => {
+            let c = match count {
+                1 => '′',
+                2 => '″',
+                3 => '‴',
+                4 => '⁗',
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            };
+            let f = ctx.layout_into_fragment(&TextElem::packed(c), styles)?;
+            ctx.push(f);
         }
-    }
-
-    /// Whether limits should be displayed in this context.
-    pub fn active(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> bool {
-        match self {
-            Self::Always => true,
-            Self::Display => EquationElem::size_in(styles) == MathSize::Display,
-            Self::Never => false,
+        count => {
+            // Custom amount of primes
+            let prime =
+                ctx.layout_into_fragment(&TextElem::packed('′'), styles)?.into_frame();
+            let width = prime.width() * (count + 1) as f64 / 2.0;
+            let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(width, prime.height()));
+            frame.set_baseline(prime.ascent());
+
+            for i in 0..count {
+                frame.push_frame(
+                    Point::new(prime.width() * (i as f64 / 2.0), Abs::zero()),
+                    prime.clone(),
+                )
+            }
+            ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_text_like(true));
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-/// If an AttachElem's base is also an AttachElem, merge attachments into the
-/// base AttachElem where possible.
-fn merge_base(elem: &Packed<AttachElem>) -> Option<Packed<AttachElem>> {
-    // Extract from an EquationElem.
-    let mut base = elem.base();
-    if let Some(equation) = base.to_packed::<EquationElem>() {
-        base = equation.body();
-    }
-
-    // Move attachments from elem into base where possible.
-    if let Some(base) = base.to_packed::<AttachElem>() {
-        let mut elem = elem.clone();
-        let mut base = base.clone();
-
-        macro_rules! merge {
-            ($content:ident) => {
-                if base.$content.is_none() && elem.$content.is_some() {
-                    base.$content = elem.$content.clone();
-                    elem.$content = None;
-                }
-            };
-        }
-
-        merge!(t);
-        merge!(b);
-        merge!(tl);
-        merge!(tr);
-        merge!(bl);
-        merge!(br);
-
-        elem.base = base.pack();
-        return Some(elem);
-    }
+/// Lays out a [`ScriptsElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.scripts", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_scripts(
+    elem: &Packed<ScriptsElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.body(), styles)?;
+    fragment.set_limits(Limits::Never);
+    ctx.push(fragment);
+    Ok(())
+}
 
-    None
+/// Lays out a [`LimitsElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.limits", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_limits(
+    elem: &Packed<LimitsElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let limits = if elem.inline(styles) { Limits::Always } else { Limits::Display };
+    let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.body(), styles)?;
+    fragment.set_limits(limits);
+    ctx.push(fragment);
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Get the size to stretch the base to, if the attach argument is true.
@@ -326,7 +168,7 @@ fn stretch_size(
     base.to_packed::<StretchElem>().map(|stretch| stretch.size(styles))
 }
 
-/// Layout the attachments.
+/// Lay out the attachments.
 fn layout_attachments(
     ctx: &mut MathContext,
     styles: StyleChain,
@@ -671,8 +513,3 @@ fn math_kern(
     // result in glyphs colliding.
     summed_kern(corr_height_top).max(summed_kern(corr_height_bot))
 }
-
-/// Determines if the character is one of a variety of integral signs.
-fn is_integral_char(c: char) -> bool {
-    ('∫'..='∳').contains(&c) || ('⨋'..='⨜').contains(&c)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/cancel.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/cancel.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..994e0e2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/cancel.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+use comemo::Track;
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Context, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Angle, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Rel, Size, Transform};
+use typst_library::math::{CancelAngle, CancelElem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use super::{scaled_font_size, FrameFragment, MathContext};
+
+/// Lays out a [`CancelElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.cancel", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_cancel(
+    elem: &Packed<CancelElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let body = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.body(), styles)?;
+
+    // Preserve properties of body.
+    let body_class = body.class();
+    let body_italics = body.italics_correction();
+    let body_attach = body.accent_attach();
+    let body_text_like = body.is_text_like();
+
+    let mut body = body.into_frame();
+    let body_size = body.size();
+    let span = elem.span();
+    let length = elem.length(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles));
+
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles).unwrap_or(FixedStroke {
+        paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+
+    let invert = elem.inverted(styles);
+    let cross = elem.cross(styles);
+    let angle = elem.angle(styles);
+
+    let invert_first_line = !cross && invert;
+    let first_line = draw_cancel_line(
+        ctx,
+        length,
+        stroke.clone(),
+        invert_first_line,
+        &angle,
+        body_size,
+        styles,
+        span,
+    )?;
+
+    // The origin of our line is the very middle of the element.
+    let center = body_size.to_point() / 2.0;
+    body.push_frame(center, first_line);
+
+    if cross {
+        // Draw the second line.
+        let second_line =
+            draw_cancel_line(ctx, length, stroke, true, &angle, body_size, styles, span)?;
+
+        body.push_frame(center, second_line);
+    }
+
+    ctx.push(
+        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, body)
+            .with_class(body_class)
+            .with_italics_correction(body_italics)
+            .with_accent_attach(body_attach)
+            .with_text_like(body_text_like),
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Draws a cancel line.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn draw_cancel_line(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    length_scale: Rel<Abs>,
+    stroke: FixedStroke,
+    invert: bool,
+    angle: &Smart<CancelAngle>,
+    body_size: Size,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    span: Span,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let default = default_angle(body_size);
+    let mut angle = match angle {
+        // Non specified angle defaults to the diagonal
+        Smart::Auto => default,
+        Smart::Custom(angle) => match angle {
+            // This specifies the absolute angle w.r.t y-axis clockwise.
+            CancelAngle::Angle(v) => *v,
+            // This specifies a function that takes the default angle as input.
+            CancelAngle::Func(func) => func
+                .call(ctx.engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [default])?
+                .cast()
+                .at(span)?,
+        },
+    };
+
+    // invert means flipping along the y-axis
+    if invert {
+        angle *= -1.0;
+    }
+
+    // same as above, the default length is the diagonal of the body box.
+    let default_length = body_size.to_point().hypot();
+    let length = length_scale.relative_to(default_length);
+
+    // Draw a vertical line of length and rotate it by angle
+    let start = Point::new(Abs::zero(), length / 2.0);
+    let delta = Point::new(Abs::zero(), -length);
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(body_size);
+    frame.push(start, FrameItem::Shape(Geometry::Line(delta).stroked(stroke), span));
+
+    // Having the middle of the line at the origin is convenient here.
+    frame.transform(Transform::rotate(angle));
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+/// The default line angle for a body of the given size.
+fn default_angle(body: Size) -> Angle {
+    // The default cancel line is the diagonal.
+    // We infer the default angle from
+    // the diagonal w.r.t to the body box.
+    //
+    // The returned angle is in the range of [0, Pi/2]
+    //
+    // Note that the angle is computed w.r.t to the y-axis
+    //
+    //            B
+    //           /|
+    // diagonal / | height
+    //         /  |
+    //        /   |
+    //       O ----
+    //         width
+    let (width, height) = (body.x, body.y);
+    let default_angle = (width / height).atan(); // arctangent (in the range [0, Pi/2])
+    Angle::rad(default_angle)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/frac.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/frac.rs
index 744a15c5..50686333 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/frac.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/frac.rs
@@ -1,90 +1,47 @@
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, StyleChain, Value};
-use crate::layout::{Em, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::math::{
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Em, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{BinomElem, FracElem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use super::{
     scaled_font_size, style_for_denominator, style_for_numerator, FrameFragment,
-    GlyphFragment, LayoutMath, MathContext, Scaled, DELIM_SHORT_FALL,
+    GlyphFragment, MathContext, DELIM_SHORT_FALL,
 };
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
 
 const FRAC_AROUND: Em = Em::new(0.1);
 
-/// A mathematical fraction.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// $ 1/2 < (x+1)/2 $
-/// $ ((x+1)) / 2 = frac(a, b) $
-/// ```
-///
-/// # Syntax
-/// This function also has dedicated syntax: Use a slash to turn neighbouring
-/// expressions into a fraction. Multiple atoms can be grouped into a single
-/// expression using round grouping parenthesis. Such parentheses are removed
-/// from the output, but you can nest multiple to force them.
-#[elem(title = "Fraction", LayoutMath)]
-pub struct FracElem {
-    /// The fraction's numerator.
-    #[required]
-    pub num: Content,
-
-    /// The fraction's denominator.
-    #[required]
-    pub denom: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<FracElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.frac", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.num(),
-            std::slice::from_ref(self.denom()),
-            false,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A binomial expression.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// $ binom(n, k) $
-/// $ binom(n, k_1, k_2, k_3, ..., k_m) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(title = "Binomial", LayoutMath)]
-pub struct BinomElem {
-    /// The binomial's upper index.
-    #[required]
-    pub upper: Content,
-
-    /// The binomial's lower index.
-    #[required]
-    #[variadic]
-    #[parse(
-        let values = args.all::<Spanned<Value>>()?;
-        if values.is_empty() {
-            // Prevents one element binomials
-            bail!(args.span, "missing argument: lower");
-        }
-        values.into_iter().map(|spanned| spanned.v.display()).collect()
-    )]
-    pub lower: Vec<Content>,
+/// Lays out a [`FracElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.frac", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_frac(
+    elem: &Packed<FracElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_frac_like(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.num(),
+        std::slice::from_ref(elem.denom()),
+        false,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<BinomElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.binom", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout(ctx, styles, self.upper(), self.lower(), true, self.span())
-    }
+/// Lays out a [`BinomElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.binom", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_binom(
+    elem: &Packed<BinomElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_frac_like(ctx, styles, elem.upper(), elem.lower(), true, elem.span())
 }
 
 /// Layout a fraction or binomial.
-fn layout(
+fn layout_frac_like(
     ctx: &mut MathContext,
     styles: StyleChain,
     num: &Content,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/fragment.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/fragment.rs
index a3fcc9c6..19a4494e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/fragment.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/fragment.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
+use rustybuzz::Feature;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use ttf_parser::gsub::AlternateSet;
+use ttf_parser::gsub::{
+    AlternateSet, AlternateSubstitution, SingleSubstitution, SubstitutionSubtable,
+};
+use ttf_parser::opentype_layout::LayoutTable;
 use ttf_parser::{GlyphId, Rect};
+use typst_library::foundations::StyleChain;
+use typst_library::introspection::Tag;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axis, Corner, Em, Frame, FrameItem, HideElem, Point, Size, VAlignment,
+};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, MathSize};
+use typst_library::model::{Destination, LinkElem};
+use typst_library::text::{Font, Glyph, Lang, Region, TextElem, TextItem};
+use typst_library::visualize::Paint;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
-use crate::foundations::StyleChain;
-use crate::introspection::Tag;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Corner, Em, Frame, FrameItem, HideElem, Point, Size, VAlignment,
-};
-use crate::math::{
-    scaled_font_size, EquationElem, Limits, MathContext, MathSize, Scaled,
-};
-use crate::model::{Destination, LinkElem};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{Font, Glyph, Lang, Region, TextElem, TextItem};
-use crate::visualize::Paint;
+use super::{scaled_font_size, stretch_glyph, MathContext, Scaled};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum MathFragment {
@@ -350,7 +353,6 @@ impl GlyphFragment {
     pub fn into_variant(self) -> VariantFragment {
         VariantFragment {
             c: self.c,
-            id: Some(self.id),
             font_size: self.font_size,
             italics_correction: self.italics_correction,
             accent_attach: self.accent_attach,
@@ -406,6 +408,26 @@ impl GlyphFragment {
             self.set_id(ctx, alt_id);
         }
     }
+
+    /// Try to stretch a glyph to a desired height.
+    pub fn stretch_vertical(
+        self,
+        ctx: &MathContext,
+        height: Abs,
+        short_fall: Abs,
+    ) -> VariantFragment {
+        stretch_glyph(ctx, self, height, short_fall, Axis::Y)
+    }
+
+    /// Try to stretch a glyph to a desired width.
+    pub fn stretch_horizontal(
+        self,
+        ctx: &MathContext,
+        width: Abs,
+        short_fall: Abs,
+    ) -> VariantFragment {
+        stretch_glyph(ctx, self, width, short_fall, Axis::X)
+    }
 }
 
 impl Debug for GlyphFragment {
@@ -417,7 +439,6 @@ impl Debug for GlyphFragment {
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct VariantFragment {
     pub c: char,
-    pub id: Option<GlyphId>,
     pub italics_correction: Abs,
     pub accent_attach: Abs,
     pub frame: Frame,
@@ -582,3 +603,102 @@ fn kern_at_height(
 
     Some(kern.kern(i)?.scaled(ctx, font_size))
 }
+
+/// Describes in which situation a frame should use limits for attachments.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Limits {
+    /// Always scripts.
+    Never,
+    /// Display limits only in `display` math.
+    Display,
+    /// Always limits.
+    Always,
+}
+
+impl Limits {
+    /// The default limit configuration if the given character is the base.
+    pub fn for_char(c: char) -> Self {
+        match unicode_math_class::class(c) {
+            Some(MathClass::Large) => {
+                if is_integral_char(c) {
+                    Limits::Never
+                } else {
+                    Limits::Display
+                }
+            }
+            Some(MathClass::Relation) => Limits::Always,
+            _ => Limits::Never,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The default limit configuration for a math class.
+    pub fn for_class(class: MathClass) -> Self {
+        match class {
+            MathClass::Large => Self::Display,
+            MathClass::Relation => Self::Always,
+            _ => Self::Never,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Whether limits should be displayed in this context.
+    pub fn active(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Always => true,
+            Self::Display => EquationElem::size_in(styles) == MathSize::Display,
+            Self::Never => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Determines if the character is one of a variety of integral signs.
+fn is_integral_char(c: char) -> bool {
+    ('∫'..='∳').contains(&c) || ('⨋'..='⨜').contains(&c)
+}
+
+/// An OpenType substitution table that is applicable to glyph-wise substitutions.
+pub enum GlyphwiseSubsts<'a> {
+    Single(SingleSubstitution<'a>),
+    Alternate(AlternateSubstitution<'a>, u32),
+}
+
+impl<'a> GlyphwiseSubsts<'a> {
+    pub fn new(gsub: LayoutTable<'a>, feature: Feature) -> Option<Self> {
+        let table = gsub
+            .features
+            .find(ttf_parser::Tag(feature.tag.0))
+            .and_then(|feature| feature.lookup_indices.get(0))
+            .and_then(|index| gsub.lookups.get(index))?;
+        let table = table.subtables.get::<SubstitutionSubtable>(0)?;
+        match table {
+            SubstitutionSubtable::Single(single_glyphs) => {
+                Some(Self::Single(single_glyphs))
+            }
+            SubstitutionSubtable::Alternate(alt_glyphs) => {
+                Some(Self::Alternate(alt_glyphs, feature.value))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn try_apply(&self, glyph_id: GlyphId) -> Option<GlyphId> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Single(single) => match single {
+                SingleSubstitution::Format1 { coverage, delta } => coverage
+                    .get(glyph_id)
+                    .map(|_| GlyphId(glyph_id.0.wrapping_add(*delta as u16))),
+                SingleSubstitution::Format2 { coverage, substitutes } => {
+                    coverage.get(glyph_id).and_then(|idx| substitutes.get(idx))
+                }
+            },
+            Self::Alternate(alternate, value) => alternate
+                .coverage
+                .get(glyph_id)
+                .and_then(|idx| alternate.alternate_sets.get(idx))
+                .and_then(|set| set.alternates.get(*value as u16)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply(&self, glyph_id: GlyphId) -> GlyphId {
+        self.try_apply(glyph_id).unwrap_or(glyph_id)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/lr.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/lr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aba9012f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/lr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axis, Length, Rel};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, LrElem, MidElem};
+use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
+
+use super::{stretch_fragment, MathContext, MathFragment, DELIM_SHORT_FALL};
+
+/// Lays out an [`LrElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.lr", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_lr(
+    elem: &Packed<LrElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let mut body = elem.body();
+
+    // Extract from an EquationElem.
+    if let Some(equation) = body.to_packed::<EquationElem>() {
+        body = equation.body();
+    }
+
+    // Extract implicit LrElem.
+    if let Some(lr) = body.to_packed::<LrElem>() {
+        if lr.size(styles).is_auto() {
+            body = lr.body();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut fragments = ctx.layout_into_fragments(body, styles)?;
+    let axis = scaled!(ctx, styles, axis_height);
+    let max_extent = fragments
+        .iter()
+        .map(|fragment| (fragment.ascent() - axis).max(fragment.descent() + axis))
+        .max()
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let relative_to = 2.0 * max_extent;
+    let height = elem.size(styles);
+
+    // Scale up fragments at both ends.
+    match fragments.as_mut_slice() {
+        [one] => scale(ctx, styles, one, relative_to, height, None),
+        [first, .., last] => {
+            scale(ctx, styles, first, relative_to, height, Some(MathClass::Opening));
+            scale(ctx, styles, last, relative_to, height, Some(MathClass::Closing));
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    // Handle MathFragment::Variant fragments that should be scaled up.
+    for fragment in &mut fragments {
+        if let MathFragment::Variant(ref mut variant) = fragment {
+            if variant.mid_stretched == Some(false) {
+                variant.mid_stretched = Some(true);
+                scale(ctx, styles, fragment, relative_to, height, Some(MathClass::Large));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove weak SpacingFragment immediately after the opening or immediately
+    // before the closing.
+    let original_len = fragments.len();
+    let mut index = 0;
+    fragments.retain(|fragment| {
+        index += 1;
+        (index != 2 && index + 1 != original_len)
+            || !matches!(fragment, MathFragment::Spacing(_, true))
+    });
+
+    ctx.extend(fragments);
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Lays out a [`MidElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.mid", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_mid(
+    elem: &Packed<MidElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let mut fragments = ctx.layout_into_fragments(elem.body(), styles)?;
+
+    for fragment in &mut fragments {
+        match fragment {
+            MathFragment::Glyph(glyph) => {
+                let mut new = glyph.clone().into_variant();
+                new.mid_stretched = Some(false);
+                new.class = MathClass::Fence;
+                *fragment = MathFragment::Variant(new);
+            }
+            MathFragment::Variant(variant) => {
+                variant.mid_stretched = Some(false);
+                variant.class = MathClass::Fence;
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    ctx.extend(fragments);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Scale a math fragment to a height.
+fn scale(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    fragment: &mut MathFragment,
+    relative_to: Abs,
+    height: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+    apply: Option<MathClass>,
+) {
+    if matches!(
+        fragment.class(),
+        MathClass::Opening | MathClass::Closing | MathClass::Fence
+    ) {
+        // This unwrap doesn't really matter. If it is None, then the fragment
+        // won't be stretchable anyways.
+        let short_fall = DELIM_SHORT_FALL.at(fragment.font_size().unwrap_or_default());
+        stretch_fragment(
+            ctx,
+            styles,
+            fragment,
+            Some(Axis::Y),
+            Some(relative_to),
+            height,
+            short_fall,
+        );
+
+        if let Some(class) = apply {
+            fragment.set_class(class);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mat.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6c8b0455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, Em, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Ratio, Rel, Size,
+};
+use typst_library::math::{Augment, AugmentOffsets, CasesElem, MatElem, VecElem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, LineCap, Shape};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use super::{
+    alignments, delimiter_alignment, scaled_font_size, stack, style_for_denominator,
+    AlignmentResult, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LeftRightAlternator, MathContext,
+    Scaled, DELIM_SHORT_FALL,
+};
+
+const VERTICAL_PADDING: Ratio = Ratio::new(0.1);
+const DEFAULT_STROKE_THICKNESS: Em = Em::new(0.05);
+
+/// Lays out a [`VecElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.vec", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_vec(
+    elem: &Packed<VecElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let delim = elem.delim(styles);
+    let frame = layout_vec_body(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.children(),
+        elem.align(styles),
+        elem.gap(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles)),
+        LeftRightAlternator::Right,
+    )?;
+
+    layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, delim.open(), delim.close(), elem.span())
+}
+
+/// Lays out a [`MatElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.mat", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_mat(
+    elem: &Packed<MatElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let augment = elem.augment(styles);
+    let rows = elem.rows();
+
+    if let Some(aug) = &augment {
+        for &offset in &aug.hline.0 {
+            if offset == 0 || offset.unsigned_abs() >= rows.len() {
+                bail!(
+                    elem.span(),
+                    "cannot draw a horizontal line after row {} of a matrix with {} rows",
+                    if offset < 0 { rows.len() as isize + offset } else { offset },
+                    rows.len()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        let ncols = elem.rows().first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
+
+        for &offset in &aug.vline.0 {
+            if offset == 0 || offset.unsigned_abs() >= ncols {
+                bail!(
+                        elem.span(),
+                        "cannot draw a vertical line after column {} of a matrix with {} columns",
+                        if offset < 0 { ncols as isize + offset } else { offset },
+                        ncols
+                    );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
+    let column_gap = elem.column_gap(styles).at(font_size);
+    let row_gap = elem.row_gap(styles).at(font_size);
+    let delim = elem.delim(styles);
+    let frame = layout_mat_body(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        rows,
+        elem.align(styles),
+        augment,
+        Axes::new(column_gap, row_gap),
+        elem.span(),
+    )?;
+
+    layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, delim.open(), delim.close(), elem.span())
+}
+
+/// Lays out a [`CasesElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.cases", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_cases(
+    elem: &Packed<CasesElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let delim = elem.delim(styles);
+    let frame = layout_vec_body(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.children(),
+        FixedAlignment::Start,
+        elem.gap(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles)),
+        LeftRightAlternator::None,
+    )?;
+
+    let (open, close) =
+        if elem.reverse(styles) { (None, delim.close()) } else { (delim.open(), None) };
+
+    layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, open, close, elem.span())
+}
+
+/// Layout the inner contents of a vector.
+fn layout_vec_body(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    column: &[Content],
+    align: FixedAlignment,
+    row_gap: Rel<Abs>,
+    alternator: LeftRightAlternator,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let gap = row_gap.relative_to(ctx.region.size.y);
+
+    let denom_style = style_for_denominator(styles);
+    let mut flat = vec![];
+    for child in column {
+        flat.push(ctx.layout_into_run(child, styles.chain(&denom_style))?);
+    }
+    // We pad ascent and descent with the ascent and descent of the paren
+    // to ensure that normal vectors are aligned with others unless they are
+    // way too big.
+    let paren =
+        GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles.chain(&denom_style), '(', Span::detached());
+    Ok(stack(flat, align, gap, 0, alternator, Some((paren.ascent, paren.descent))))
+}
+
+/// Layout the inner contents of a matrix.
+fn layout_mat_body(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    rows: &[Vec<Content>],
+    align: FixedAlignment,
+    augment: Option<Augment<Abs>>,
+    gap: Axes<Rel<Abs>>,
+    span: Span,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let ncols = rows.first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
+    let nrows = rows.len();
+    if ncols == 0 || nrows == 0 {
+        return Ok(Frame::soft(Size::zero()));
+    }
+
+    let gap = gap.zip_map(ctx.region.size, Rel::relative_to);
+    let half_gap = gap * 0.5;
+
+    // We provide a default stroke thickness that scales
+    // with font size to ensure that augmentation lines
+    // look correct by default at all matrix sizes.
+    // The line cap is also set to square because it looks more "correct".
+    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
+    let default_stroke_thickness = DEFAULT_STROKE_THICKNESS.at(font_size);
+    let default_stroke = FixedStroke {
+        thickness: default_stroke_thickness,
+        paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
+        cap: LineCap::Square,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+
+    let (hline, vline, stroke) = match augment {
+        Some(augment) => {
+            // We need to get stroke here for ownership.
+            let stroke = augment.stroke.unwrap_or_default().unwrap_or(default_stroke);
+            (augment.hline, augment.vline, stroke)
+        }
+        _ => (AugmentOffsets::default(), AugmentOffsets::default(), default_stroke),
+    };
+
+    // Before the full matrix body can be laid out, the
+    // individual cells must first be independently laid out
+    // so we can ensure alignment across rows and columns.
+
+    // This variable stores the maximum ascent and descent for each row.
+    let mut heights = vec![(Abs::zero(), Abs::zero()); nrows];
+
+    // We want to transpose our data layout to columns
+    // before final layout. For efficiency, the columns
+    // variable is set up here and newly generated
+    // individual cells are then added to it.
+    let mut cols = vec![vec![]; ncols];
+
+    let denom_style = style_for_denominator(styles);
+    // We pad ascent and descent with the ascent and descent of the paren
+    // to ensure that normal matrices are aligned with others unless they are
+    // way too big.
+    let paren =
+        GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles.chain(&denom_style), '(', Span::detached());
+
+    for (row, (ascent, descent)) in rows.iter().zip(&mut heights) {
+        for (cell, col) in row.iter().zip(&mut cols) {
+            let cell = ctx.layout_into_run(cell, styles.chain(&denom_style))?;
+
+            ascent.set_max(cell.ascent().max(paren.ascent));
+            descent.set_max(cell.descent().max(paren.descent));
+
+            col.push(cell);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For each row, combine maximum ascent and descent into a row height.
+    // Sum the row heights, then add the total height of the gaps between rows.
+    let total_height =
+        heights.iter().map(|&(a, b)| a + b).sum::<Abs>() + gap.y * (nrows - 1) as f64;
+
+    // Width starts at zero because it can't be calculated until later
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(Abs::zero(), total_height));
+
+    let mut x = Abs::zero();
+
+    for (index, col) in cols.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let AlignmentResult { points, width: rcol } = alignments(&col);
+
+        let mut y = Abs::zero();
+
+        for (cell, &(ascent, descent)) in col.into_iter().zip(&heights) {
+            let cell = cell.into_line_frame(&points, LeftRightAlternator::Right);
+            let pos = Point::new(
+                if points.is_empty() {
+                    x + align.position(rcol - cell.width())
+                } else {
+                    x
+                },
+                y + ascent - cell.ascent(),
+            );
+
+            frame.push_frame(pos, cell);
+
+            y += ascent + descent + gap.y;
+        }
+
+        // Advance to the end of the column
+        x += rcol;
+
+        // If a vertical line should be inserted after this column
+        if vline.0.contains(&(index as isize + 1))
+            || vline.0.contains(&(1 - ((ncols - index) as isize)))
+        {
+            frame.push(
+                Point::with_x(x + half_gap.x),
+                line_item(total_height, true, stroke.clone(), span),
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Advance to the start of the next column
+        x += gap.x;
+    }
+
+    // Once all the columns are laid out, the total width can be calculated
+    let total_width = x - gap.x;
+
+    // This allows the horizontal lines to be laid out
+    for line in hline.0 {
+        let real_line =
+            if line < 0 { nrows - line.unsigned_abs() } else { line as usize };
+        let offset = (heights[0..real_line].iter().map(|&(a, b)| a + b).sum::<Abs>()
+            + gap.y * (real_line - 1) as f64)
+            + half_gap.y;
+
+        frame.push(
+            Point::with_y(offset),
+            line_item(total_width, false, stroke.clone(), span),
+        );
+    }
+
+    frame.size_mut().x = total_width;
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+fn line_item(length: Abs, vertical: bool, stroke: FixedStroke, span: Span) -> FrameItem {
+    let line_geom = if vertical {
+        Geometry::Line(Point::with_y(length))
+    } else {
+        Geometry::Line(Point::with_x(length))
+    };
+
+    FrameItem::Shape(
+        Shape {
+            geometry: line_geom,
+            fill: None,
+            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
+            stroke: Some(stroke),
+        },
+        span,
+    )
+}
+
+/// Layout the outer wrapper around the body of a vector or matrix.
+fn layout_delimiters(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    mut frame: Frame,
+    left: Option<char>,
+    right: Option<char>,
+    span: Span,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
+    let short_fall = DELIM_SHORT_FALL.at(font_size);
+    let axis = ctx.constants.axis_height().scaled(ctx, font_size);
+    let height = frame.height();
+    let target = height + VERTICAL_PADDING.of(height);
+    frame.set_baseline(height / 2.0 + axis);
+
+    if let Some(left) = left {
+        let mut left = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, left, span)
+            .stretch_vertical(ctx, target, short_fall);
+        left.align_on_axis(ctx, delimiter_alignment(left.c));
+        ctx.push(left);
+    }
+
+    ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame));
+
+    if let Some(right) = right {
+        let mut right = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, right, span)
+            .stretch_vertical(ctx, target, short_fall);
+        right.align_on_axis(ctx, delimiter_alignment(right.c));
+        ctx.push(right);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b3dde977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+#[macro_use]
+mod shared;
+mod accent;
+mod attach;
+mod cancel;
+mod frac;
+mod fragment;
+mod lr;
+mod mat;
+mod root;
+mod run;
+mod stretch;
+mod text;
+mod underover;
+
+use ttf_parser::gsub::SubstitutionSubtable;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Counter, Locator, SplitLocator, TagElem};
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BlockElem, BoxElem, Em, FixedAlignment, Fragment, Frame, HElem,
+    InlineItem, OuterHAlignment, PlaceElem, Point, Region, Regions, Size, Spacing,
+    SpecificAlignment, VAlignment,
+};
+use typst_library::math::*;
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, RealizationKind};
+use typst_library::text::{
+    families, features, variant, Font, LinebreakElem, SpaceElem, TextEdgeBounds,
+    TextElem, TextSize,
+};
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
+
+use self::fragment::{
+    FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, GlyphwiseSubsts, Limits, MathFragment, VariantFragment,
+};
+use self::run::{LeftRightAlternator, MathRun, MathRunFrameBuilder};
+use self::shared::*;
+use self::stretch::{stretch_fragment, stretch_glyph};
+
+/// Layout an inline equation (in a paragraph).
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_equation_inline(
+    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Size,
+) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
+    assert!(!elem.block(styles));
+
+    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, elem.span())?;
+
+    let mut locator = locator.split();
+    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, &mut locator, styles, region, &font);
+    let run = ctx.layout_into_run(&elem.body, styles)?;
+
+    let mut items = if run.row_count() == 1 {
+        run.into_par_items()
+    } else {
+        vec![InlineItem::Frame(run.into_fragment(&ctx, styles).into_frame())]
+    };
+
+    // An empty equation should have a height, so we still create a frame
+    // (which is then resized in the loop).
+    if items.is_empty() {
+        items.push(InlineItem::Frame(Frame::soft(Size::zero())));
+    }
+
+    for item in &mut items {
+        let InlineItem::Frame(frame) = item else { continue };
+
+        let font_size = scaled_font_size(&ctx, styles);
+        let slack = ParElem::leading_in(styles) * 0.7;
+
+        let (t, b) = font.edges(
+            TextElem::top_edge_in(styles),
+            TextElem::bottom_edge_in(styles),
+            font_size,
+            TextEdgeBounds::Frame(frame),
+        );
+
+        let ascent = t.max(frame.ascent() - slack);
+        let descent = b.max(frame.descent() - slack);
+        frame.translate(Point::with_y(ascent - frame.baseline()));
+        frame.size_mut().y = ascent + descent;
+    }
+
+    Ok(items)
+}
+
+/// Layout a block-level equation (in a flow).
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_equation_block(
+    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    assert!(elem.block(styles));
+
+    let span = elem.span();
+    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, span)?;
+
+    let mut locator = locator.split();
+    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, &mut locator, styles, regions.base(), &font);
+    let full_equation_builder = ctx
+        .layout_into_run(&elem.body, styles)?
+        .multiline_frame_builder(&ctx, styles);
+    let width = full_equation_builder.size.x;
+
+    let equation_builders = if BlockElem::breakable_in(styles) {
+        let mut rows = full_equation_builder.frames.into_iter().peekable();
+        let mut equation_builders = vec![];
+        let mut last_first_pos = Point::zero();
+        let mut regions = regions;
+
+        loop {
+            // Keep track of the position of the first row in this region,
+            // so that the offset can be reverted later.
+            let Some(&(_, first_pos)) = rows.peek() else { break };
+            last_first_pos = first_pos;
+
+            let mut frames = vec![];
+            let mut height = Abs::zero();
+            while let Some((sub, pos)) = rows.peek() {
+                let mut pos = *pos;
+                pos.y -= first_pos.y;
+
+                // Finish this region if the line doesn't fit. Only do it if
+                // we placed at least one line _or_ we still have non-last
+                // regions. Crucially, we don't want to infinitely create
+                // new regions which are too small.
+                if !regions.size.y.fits(sub.height() + pos.y)
+                    && (regions.may_progress()
+                        || (regions.may_break() && !frames.is_empty()))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let (sub, _) = rows.next().unwrap();
+                height = height.max(pos.y + sub.height());
+                frames.push((sub, pos));
+            }
+
+            equation_builders
+                .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames, size: Size::new(width, height) });
+            regions.next();
+        }
+
+        // Append remaining rows to the equation builder of the last region.
+        if let Some(equation_builder) = equation_builders.last_mut() {
+            equation_builder.frames.extend(rows.map(|(frame, mut pos)| {
+                pos.y -= last_first_pos.y;
+                (frame, pos)
+            }));
+
+            let height = equation_builder
+                .frames
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(frame, pos)| frame.height() + pos.y)
+                .max()
+                .unwrap_or(equation_builder.size.y);
+
+            equation_builder.size.y = height;
+        }
+
+        // Ensure that there is at least one frame, even for empty equations.
+        if equation_builders.is_empty() {
+            equation_builders
+                .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames: vec![], size: Size::zero() });
+        }
+
+        equation_builders
+    } else {
+        vec![full_equation_builder]
+    };
+
+    let Some(numbering) = (**elem).numbering(styles) else {
+        let frames = equation_builders
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(MathRunFrameBuilder::build)
+            .collect();
+        return Ok(Fragment::frames(frames));
+    };
+
+    let pod = Region::new(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
+    let counter = Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
+        .display_at_loc(engine, elem.location().unwrap(), styles, numbering)?
+        .spanned(span);
+    let number =
+        (engine.routines.layout_frame)(engine, &counter, locator.next(&()), styles, pod)?;
+
+    static NUMBER_GUTTER: Em = Em::new(0.5);
+    let full_number_width = number.width() + NUMBER_GUTTER.resolve(styles);
+
+    let number_align = match elem.number_align(styles) {
+        SpecificAlignment::H(h) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, VAlignment::Horizon),
+        SpecificAlignment::V(v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, v),
+        SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v),
+    };
+
+    // Add equation numbers to each equation region.
+    let region_count = equation_builders.len();
+    let frames = equation_builders
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|builder| {
+            if builder.frames.is_empty() && region_count > 1 {
+                // Don't number empty regions, but do number empty equations.
+                return builder.build();
+            }
+            add_equation_number(
+                builder,
+                number.clone(),
+                number_align.resolve(styles),
+                AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles).x,
+                regions.size.x,
+                full_number_width,
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(Fragment::frames(frames))
+}
+
+fn find_math_font(
+    engine: &mut Engine<'_>,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    span: Span,
+) -> SourceResult<Font> {
+    let variant = variant(styles);
+    let world = engine.world;
+    let Some(font) = families(styles).find_map(|family| {
+        let id = world.book().select(family, variant)?;
+        let font = world.font(id)?;
+        let _ = font.ttf().tables().math?.constants?;
+        Some(font)
+    }) else {
+        bail!(span, "current font does not support math");
+    };
+    Ok(font)
+}
+
+fn add_equation_number(
+    equation_builder: MathRunFrameBuilder,
+    number: Frame,
+    number_align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
+    equation_align: FixedAlignment,
+    region_size_x: Abs,
+    full_number_width: Abs,
+) -> Frame {
+    let first =
+        equation_builder.frames.first().map_or(
+            (equation_builder.size, Point::zero(), Abs::zero()),
+            |(frame, pos)| (frame.size(), *pos, frame.baseline()),
+        );
+    let last =
+        equation_builder.frames.last().map_or(
+            (equation_builder.size, Point::zero(), Abs::zero()),
+            |(frame, pos)| (frame.size(), *pos, frame.baseline()),
+        );
+    let line_count = equation_builder.frames.len();
+    let mut equation = equation_builder.build();
+
+    let width = if region_size_x.is_finite() {
+        region_size_x
+    } else {
+        equation.width() + 2.0 * full_number_width
+    };
+
+    let is_multiline = line_count >= 2;
+    let resizing_offset = resize_equation(
+        &mut equation,
+        &number,
+        number_align,
+        equation_align,
+        width,
+        is_multiline,
+        [first, last],
+    );
+    equation.translate(Point::with_x(match (equation_align, number_align.x) {
+        (FixedAlignment::Start, FixedAlignment::Start) => full_number_width,
+        (FixedAlignment::End, FixedAlignment::End) => -full_number_width,
+        _ => Abs::zero(),
+    }));
+
+    let x = match number_align.x {
+        FixedAlignment::Start => Abs::zero(),
+        FixedAlignment::End => equation.width() - number.width(),
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    };
+    let y = {
+        let align_baselines = |(_, pos, baseline): (_, Point, Abs), number: &Frame| {
+            resizing_offset.y + pos.y + baseline - number.baseline()
+        };
+        match number_align.y {
+            FixedAlignment::Start => align_baselines(first, &number),
+            FixedAlignment::Center if !is_multiline => align_baselines(first, &number),
+            // In this case, the center lines (not baselines) of the number frame
+            // and the equation frame shall be aligned.
+            FixedAlignment::Center => (equation.height() - number.height()) / 2.0,
+            FixedAlignment::End => align_baselines(last, &number),
+        }
+    };
+
+    equation.push_frame(Point::new(x, y), number);
+    equation
+}
+
+/// Resize the equation's frame accordingly so that it encompasses the number.
+fn resize_equation(
+    equation: &mut Frame,
+    number: &Frame,
+    number_align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
+    equation_align: FixedAlignment,
+    width: Abs,
+    is_multiline: bool,
+    [first, last]: [(Axes<Abs>, Point, Abs); 2],
+) -> Point {
+    if matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::Center if is_multiline) {
+        // In this case, the center lines (not baselines) of the number frame
+        // and the equation frame shall be aligned.
+        return equation.resize(
+            Size::new(width, equation.height().max(number.height())),
+            Axes::<FixedAlignment>::new(equation_align, FixedAlignment::Center),
+        );
+    }
+
+    let excess_above = Abs::zero().max({
+        if !is_multiline || matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::Start) {
+            let (.., baseline) = first;
+            number.baseline() - baseline
+        } else {
+            Abs::zero()
+        }
+    });
+    let excess_below = Abs::zero().max({
+        if !is_multiline || matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::End) {
+            let (size, .., baseline) = last;
+            (number.height() - number.baseline()) - (size.y - baseline)
+        } else {
+            Abs::zero()
+        }
+    });
+
+    // The vertical expansion is asymmetric on the top and bottom edges, so we
+    // first align at the top then translate the content downward later.
+    let resizing_offset = equation.resize(
+        Size::new(width, equation.height() + excess_above + excess_below),
+        Axes::<FixedAlignment>::new(equation_align, FixedAlignment::Start),
+    );
+    equation.translate(Point::with_y(excess_above));
+    resizing_offset + Point::with_y(excess_above)
+}
+
+/// The context for math layout.
+struct MathContext<'a, 'v, 'e> {
+    // External.
+    engine: &'v mut Engine<'e>,
+    locator: &'v mut SplitLocator<'a>,
+    region: Region,
+    // Font-related.
+    font: &'a Font,
+    ttf: &'a ttf_parser::Face<'a>,
+    table: ttf_parser::math::Table<'a>,
+    constants: ttf_parser::math::Constants<'a>,
+    ssty_table: Option<ttf_parser::gsub::AlternateSubstitution<'a>>,
+    glyphwise_tables: Option<Vec<GlyphwiseSubsts<'a>>>,
+    space_width: Em,
+    // Mutable.
+    fragments: Vec<MathFragment>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, 'v, 'e> MathContext<'a, 'v, 'e> {
+    /// Create a new math context.
+    fn new(
+        engine: &'v mut Engine<'e>,
+        locator: &'v mut SplitLocator<'a>,
+        styles: StyleChain<'a>,
+        base: Size,
+        font: &'a Font,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let math_table = font.ttf().tables().math.unwrap();
+        let gsub_table = font.ttf().tables().gsub;
+        let constants = math_table.constants.unwrap();
+
+        let ssty_table = gsub_table
+            .and_then(|gsub| {
+                gsub.features
+                    .find(ttf_parser::Tag::from_bytes(b"ssty"))
+                    .and_then(|feature| feature.lookup_indices.get(0))
+                    .and_then(|index| gsub.lookups.get(index))
+            })
+            .and_then(|ssty| ssty.subtables.get::<SubstitutionSubtable>(0))
+            .and_then(|ssty| match ssty {
+                SubstitutionSubtable::Alternate(alt_glyphs) => Some(alt_glyphs),
+                _ => None,
+            });
+
+        let features = features(styles);
+        let glyphwise_tables = gsub_table.map(|gsub| {
+            features
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(|feature| GlyphwiseSubsts::new(gsub, feature))
+                .collect()
+        });
+
+        let ttf = font.ttf();
+        let space_width = ttf
+            .glyph_index(' ')
+            .and_then(|id| ttf.glyph_hor_advance(id))
+            .map(|advance| font.to_em(advance))
+            .unwrap_or(THICK);
+
+        Self {
+            engine,
+            locator,
+            region: Region::new(base, Axes::splat(false)),
+            font,
+            ttf: font.ttf(),
+            table: math_table,
+            constants,
+            ssty_table,
+            glyphwise_tables,
+            space_width,
+            fragments: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Push a fragment.
+    fn push(&mut self, fragment: impl Into<MathFragment>) {
+        self.fragments.push(fragment.into());
+    }
+
+    /// Push multiple fragments.
+    fn extend(&mut self, fragments: impl IntoIterator<Item = MathFragment>) {
+        self.fragments.extend(fragments);
+    }
+
+    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a [`MathRun`].
+    fn layout_into_run(
+        &mut self,
+        elem: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<MathRun> {
+        Ok(MathRun::new(self.layout_into_fragments(elem, styles)?))
+    }
+
+    /// Layout the given element and return the resulting [`MathFragment`]s.
+    fn layout_into_fragments(
+        &mut self,
+        elem: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<MathFragment>> {
+        // The element's layout_math() changes the fragments held in this
+        // MathContext object, but for convenience this function shouldn't change
+        // them, so we restore the MathContext's fragments after obtaining the
+        // layout result.
+        let prev = std::mem::take(&mut self.fragments);
+        self.layout_into_self(elem, styles)?;
+        Ok(std::mem::replace(&mut self.fragments, prev))
+    }
+
+    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a
+    /// unified [`MathFragment`].
+    fn layout_into_fragment(
+        &mut self,
+        elem: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<MathFragment> {
+        Ok(self.layout_into_run(elem, styles)?.into_fragment(self, styles))
+    }
+
+    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a [`Frame`].
+    fn layout_into_frame(
+        &mut self,
+        elem: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+        Ok(self.layout_into_fragment(elem, styles)?.into_frame())
+    }
+
+    /// Layout arbitrary content.
+    fn layout_into_self(
+        &mut self,
+        content: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+        let arenas = Arenas::default();
+        let pairs = (self.engine.routines.realize)(
+            RealizationKind::Math,
+            self.engine,
+            self.locator,
+            &arenas,
+            content,
+            styles,
+        )?;
+
+        let outer = styles;
+        for (elem, styles) in pairs {
+            // Hack because the font is fixed in math.
+            if styles != outer && TextElem::font_in(styles) != TextElem::font_in(outer) {
+                let frame = layout_external(elem, self, styles)?;
+                self.push(FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame).with_spaced(true));
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            layout_realized(elem, self, styles)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Lays out a leaf element resulting from realization.
+fn layout_realized(
+    elem: &Content,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
+        ctx.push(MathFragment::Tag(elem.tag.clone()));
+    } else if elem.is::<SpaceElem>() {
+        let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
+        ctx.push(MathFragment::Space(ctx.space_width.at(font_size)));
+    } else if elem.is::<LinebreakElem>() {
+        ctx.push(MathFragment::Linebreak);
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<HElem>() {
+        layout_h(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<TextElem>() {
+        self::text::layout_text(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<BoxElem>() {
+        layout_box(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if elem.is::<AlignPointElem>() {
+        ctx.push(MathFragment::Align);
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<ClassElem>() {
+        layout_class(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<AccentElem>() {
+        self::accent::layout_accent(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<AttachElem>() {
+        self::attach::layout_attach(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<PrimesElem>() {
+        self::attach::layout_primes(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<ScriptsElem>() {
+        self::attach::layout_scripts(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<LimitsElem>() {
+        self::attach::layout_limits(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<CancelElem>() {
+        self::cancel::layout_cancel(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<FracElem>() {
+        self::frac::layout_frac(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<BinomElem>() {
+        self::frac::layout_binom(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<LrElem>() {
+        self::lr::layout_lr(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<MidElem>() {
+        self::lr::layout_mid(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<VecElem>() {
+        self::mat::layout_vec(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<MatElem>() {
+        self::mat::layout_mat(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<CasesElem>() {
+        self::mat::layout_cases(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OpElem>() {
+        layout_op(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<RootElem>() {
+        self::root::layout_root(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<StretchElem>() {
+        self::stretch::layout_stretch(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<UnderlineElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_underline(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OverlineElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_overline(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<UnderbraceElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_underbrace(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OverbraceElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_overbrace(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<UnderbracketElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_underbracket(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OverbracketElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_overbracket(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<UnderparenElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_underparen(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OverparenElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_overparen(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<UndershellElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_undershell(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<OvershellElem>() {
+        self::underover::layout_overshell(elem, ctx, styles)?
+    } else {
+        let mut frame = layout_external(elem, ctx, styles)?;
+        if !frame.has_baseline() {
+            let axis = scaled!(ctx, styles, axis_height);
+            frame.set_baseline(frame.height() / 2.0 + axis);
+        }
+        ctx.push(
+            FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
+                .with_spaced(true)
+                .with_ignorant(elem.is::<PlaceElem>()),
+        );
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`BoxElem`].
+fn layout_box(
+    elem: &Packed<BoxElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let local = TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles).into())).wrap();
+    let frame = (ctx.engine.routines.layout_box)(
+        elem,
+        ctx.engine,
+        ctx.locator.next(&elem.span()),
+        styles.chain(&local),
+        ctx.region.size,
+    )?;
+    ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_spaced(true));
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`HElem`].
+fn layout_h(
+    elem: &Packed<HElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    if let Spacing::Rel(rel) = elem.amount() {
+        if rel.rel.is_zero() {
+            ctx.push(MathFragment::Spacing(
+                rel.abs.at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles)),
+                elem.weak(styles),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Lays out a [`ClassElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.op", span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_class(
+    elem: &Packed<ClassElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let class = *elem.class();
+    let style = EquationElem::set_class(Some(class)).wrap();
+    let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.body(), styles.chain(&style))?;
+    fragment.set_class(class);
+    fragment.set_limits(Limits::for_class(class));
+    ctx.push(fragment);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OpElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.op", span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_op(
+    elem: &Packed<OpElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.text(), styles)?;
+    let italics = fragment.italics_correction();
+    let accent_attach = fragment.accent_attach();
+    let text_like = fragment.is_text_like();
+
+    ctx.push(
+        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, fragment.into_frame())
+            .with_class(MathClass::Large)
+            .with_italics_correction(italics)
+            .with_accent_attach(accent_attach)
+            .with_text_like(text_like)
+            .with_limits(if elem.limits(styles) {
+                Limits::Display
+            } else {
+                Limits::Never
+            }),
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Layout into a frame with normal layout.
+fn layout_external(
+    content: &Content,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let local = TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles).into())).wrap();
+    (ctx.engine.routines.layout_frame)(
+        ctx.engine,
+        content,
+        ctx.locator.next(&content.span()),
+        styles.chain(&local),
+        ctx.region,
+    )
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/root.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/root.rs
index 66707c59..0bb2f539 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/root.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/root.rs
@@ -1,63 +1,26 @@
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, func, Content, NativeElement, Packed, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::math::{
-    style_cramped, EquationElem, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LayoutMath, MathContext,
-    MathSize, Scaled,
-};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
-
-/// A square root.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ sqrt(3 - 2 sqrt(2)) = sqrt(2) - 1 $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Square Root")]
-pub fn sqrt(
-    /// The call span of this function.
-    span: Span,
-    /// The expression to take the square root of.
-    radicand: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    RootElem::new(radicand).pack().spanned(span)
-}
-
-/// A general root.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ root(3, x) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct RootElem {
-    /// Which root of the radicand to take.
-    #[positional]
-    pub index: Option<Content>,
-
-    /// The expression to take the root of.
-    #[required]
-    pub radicand: Content,
-}
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, MathSize, RootElem};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<RootElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.root", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout(ctx, styles, self.index(styles).as_ref(), self.radicand(), self.span())
-    }
-}
+use super::{style_cramped, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, MathContext};
 
-/// Layout a root.
+/// Lays out a [`RootElem`].
 ///
 /// TeXbook page 443, page 360
 /// See also: <https://www.w3.org/TR/mathml-core/#radicals-msqrt-mroot>
-fn layout(
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.root", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_root(
+    elem: &Packed<RootElem>,
     ctx: &mut MathContext,
     styles: StyleChain,
-    index: Option<&Content>,
-    radicand: &Content,
-    span: Span,
 ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let index = elem.index(styles);
+    let radicand = elem.radicand();
+    let span = elem.span();
+
     let gap = scaled!(
         ctx, styles,
         text: radical_vertical_gap,
@@ -94,6 +57,7 @@ fn layout(
     // Layout the index.
     let sscript = EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::ScriptScript).wrap();
     let index = index
+        .as_ref()
         .map(|elem| ctx.layout_into_frame(elem, styles.chain(&sscript)))
         .transpose()?;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/run.rs
index a8422b1e..8f12c509 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/run.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,14 @@
 use std::iter::once;
 
+use typst_library::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Em, Frame, InlineItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, MathSize, MEDIUM, THICK, THIN};
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
-use crate::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Em, Frame, InlineItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::math::{
-    alignments, scaled_font_size, spacing, EquationElem, FrameFragment, MathContext,
-    MathFragment, MathSize,
-};
-use crate::model::ParElem;
+use super::{alignments, scaled_font_size, FrameFragment, MathContext, MathFragment};
 
-pub const TIGHT_LEADING: Em = Em::new(0.25);
+const TIGHT_LEADING: Em = Em::new(0.25);
 
 /// A linear collection of [`MathFragment`]s.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
@@ -423,3 +421,49 @@ impl MathRunFrameBuilder {
 fn affects_row_height(fragment: &MathFragment) -> bool {
     !matches!(fragment, MathFragment::Align | MathFragment::Linebreak)
 }
+
+/// Create the spacing between two fragments in a given style.
+fn spacing(
+    l: &MathFragment,
+    space: Option<MathFragment>,
+    r: &MathFragment,
+) -> Option<MathFragment> {
+    use MathClass::*;
+
+    let resolve = |v: Em, size_ref: &MathFragment| -> Option<MathFragment> {
+        let width = size_ref.font_size().map_or(Abs::zero(), |size| v.at(size));
+        Some(MathFragment::Spacing(width, false))
+    };
+    let script = |f: &MathFragment| f.math_size().is_some_and(|s| s <= MathSize::Script);
+
+    match (l.class(), r.class()) {
+        // No spacing before punctuation; thin spacing after punctuation, unless
+        // in script size.
+        (_, Punctuation) => None,
+        (Punctuation, _) if !script(l) => resolve(THIN, l),
+
+        // No spacing after opening delimiters and before closing delimiters.
+        (Opening, _) | (_, Closing) => None,
+
+        // Thick spacing around relations, unless followed by a another relation
+        // or in script size.
+        (Relation, Relation) => None,
+        (Relation, _) if !script(l) => resolve(THICK, l),
+        (_, Relation) if !script(r) => resolve(THICK, r),
+
+        // Medium spacing around binary operators, unless in script size.
+        (Binary, _) if !script(l) => resolve(MEDIUM, l),
+        (_, Binary) if !script(r) => resolve(MEDIUM, r),
+
+        // Thin spacing around large operators, unless to the left of
+        // an opening delimiter. TeXBook, p170
+        (Large, Opening | Fence) => None,
+        (Large, _) => resolve(THIN, l),
+        (_, Large) => resolve(THIN, r),
+
+        // Spacing around spaced frames.
+        _ if (l.is_spaced() || r.is_spaced()) => space,
+
+        _ => None,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/shared.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/shared.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..13477c10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/shared.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+use ttf_parser::math::MathValue;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Style, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Em, FixedAlignment, Frame, Point, Size, VAlignment};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, MathSize};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
+
+use super::{LeftRightAlternator, MathContext, MathFragment, MathRun};
+
+macro_rules! scaled {
+    ($ctx:expr, $styles:expr, text: $text:ident, display: $display:ident $(,)?) => {
+        match typst_library::math::EquationElem::size_in($styles) {
+            typst_library::math::MathSize::Display => scaled!($ctx, $styles, $display),
+            _ => scaled!($ctx, $styles, $text),
+        }
+    };
+    ($ctx:expr, $styles:expr, $name:ident) => {
+        $crate::math::Scaled::scaled(
+            $ctx.constants.$name(),
+            $ctx,
+            $crate::math::scaled_font_size($ctx, $styles),
+        )
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! percent {
+    ($ctx:expr, $name:ident) => {
+        $ctx.constants.$name() as f64 / 100.0
+    };
+}
+
+/// How much less high scaled delimiters can be than what they wrap.
+pub const DELIM_SHORT_FALL: Em = Em::new(0.1);
+
+/// Converts some unit to an absolute length with the current font & font size.
+pub trait Scaled {
+    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs;
+}
+
+impl Scaled for i16 {
+    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
+        ctx.font.to_em(self).at(font_size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Scaled for u16 {
+    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
+        ctx.font.to_em(self).at(font_size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Scaled for MathValue<'_> {
+    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
+        self.value.scaled(ctx, font_size)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Get the font size scaled with the `MathSize`.
+pub fn scaled_font_size(ctx: &MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> Abs {
+    let factor = match EquationElem::size_in(styles) {
+        MathSize::Display | MathSize::Text => 1.0,
+        MathSize::Script => percent!(ctx, script_percent_scale_down),
+        MathSize::ScriptScript => percent!(ctx, script_script_percent_scale_down),
+    };
+    factor * TextElem::size_in(styles)
+}
+
+/// Styles something as cramped.
+pub fn style_cramped() -> LazyHash<Style> {
+    EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()
+}
+
+/// The style for subscripts in the current style.
+pub fn style_for_subscript(styles: StyleChain) -> [LazyHash<Style>; 2] {
+    [style_for_superscript(styles), EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()]
+}
+
+/// The style for superscripts in the current style.
+pub fn style_for_superscript(styles: StyleChain) -> LazyHash<Style> {
+    EquationElem::set_size(match EquationElem::size_in(styles) {
+        MathSize::Display | MathSize::Text => MathSize::Script,
+        MathSize::Script | MathSize::ScriptScript => MathSize::ScriptScript,
+    })
+    .wrap()
+}
+
+/// The style for numerators in the current style.
+pub fn style_for_numerator(styles: StyleChain) -> LazyHash<Style> {
+    EquationElem::set_size(match EquationElem::size_in(styles) {
+        MathSize::Display => MathSize::Text,
+        MathSize::Text => MathSize::Script,
+        MathSize::Script | MathSize::ScriptScript => MathSize::ScriptScript,
+    })
+    .wrap()
+}
+
+/// The style for denominators in the current style.
+pub fn style_for_denominator(styles: StyleChain) -> [LazyHash<Style>; 2] {
+    [style_for_numerator(styles), EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()]
+}
+
+/// How a delimieter should be aligned when scaling.
+pub fn delimiter_alignment(delimiter: char) -> VAlignment {
+    match delimiter {
+        '⌜' | '⌝' => VAlignment::Top,
+        '⌞' | '⌟' => VAlignment::Bottom,
+        _ => VAlignment::Horizon,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Stack rows on top of each other.
+///
+/// Add a `gap` between each row and uses the baseline of the `baseline`-th
+/// row for the whole frame. `alternator` controls the left/right alternating
+/// alignment behavior of `AlignPointElem` in the rows.
+pub fn stack(
+    rows: Vec<MathRun>,
+    align: FixedAlignment,
+    gap: Abs,
+    baseline: usize,
+    alternator: LeftRightAlternator,
+    minimum_ascent_descent: Option<(Abs, Abs)>,
+) -> Frame {
+    let rows: Vec<_> = rows.into_iter().flat_map(|r| r.rows()).collect();
+    let AlignmentResult { points, width } = alignments(&rows);
+    let rows: Vec<_> = rows
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|row| row.into_line_frame(&points, alternator))
+        .collect();
+
+    let padded_height = |height: Abs| {
+        height.max(minimum_ascent_descent.map_or(Abs::zero(), |(a, d)| a + d))
+    };
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(
+        width,
+        rows.iter().map(|row| padded_height(row.height())).sum::<Abs>()
+            + rows.len().saturating_sub(1) as f64 * gap,
+    ));
+
+    let mut y = Abs::zero();
+    for (i, row) in rows.into_iter().enumerate() {
+        let x = if points.is_empty() {
+            align.position(width - row.width())
+        } else {
+            Abs::zero()
+        };
+        let ascent_padded_part = minimum_ascent_descent
+            .map_or(Abs::zero(), |(a, _)| (a - row.ascent()))
+            .max(Abs::zero());
+        let pos = Point::new(x, y + ascent_padded_part);
+        if i == baseline {
+            frame.set_baseline(y + row.baseline() + ascent_padded_part);
+        }
+        y += padded_height(row.height()) + gap;
+        frame.push_frame(pos, row);
+    }
+
+    frame
+}
+
+/// Determine the positions of the alignment points, according to the input rows combined.
+pub fn alignments(rows: &[MathRun]) -> AlignmentResult {
+    let mut widths = Vec::<Abs>::new();
+
+    let mut pending_width = Abs::zero();
+    for row in rows {
+        let mut width = Abs::zero();
+        let mut alignment_index = 0;
+
+        for fragment in row.iter() {
+            if matches!(fragment, MathFragment::Align) {
+                if alignment_index < widths.len() {
+                    widths[alignment_index].set_max(width);
+                } else {
+                    widths.push(width.max(pending_width));
+                }
+                width = Abs::zero();
+                alignment_index += 1;
+            } else {
+                width += fragment.width();
+            }
+        }
+        if widths.is_empty() {
+            pending_width.set_max(width);
+        } else if alignment_index < widths.len() {
+            widths[alignment_index].set_max(width);
+        } else {
+            widths.push(width.max(pending_width));
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut points = widths;
+    for i in 1..points.len() {
+        let prev = points[i - 1];
+        points[i] += prev;
+    }
+    AlignmentResult {
+        width: points.last().copied().unwrap_or(pending_width),
+        points,
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct AlignmentResult {
+    pub points: Vec<Abs>,
+    pub width: Abs,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/stretch.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/stretch.rs
index 18a42b18..6dc82014 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/stretch.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/stretch.rs
@@ -1,64 +1,42 @@
 use ttf_parser::math::{GlyphAssembly, GlyphConstruction, GlyphPart};
 use ttf_parser::LazyArray16;
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axis, Frame, Length, Point, Rel, Size, VAlignment};
-use crate::math::{
-    scaled_font_size, GlyphFragment, LayoutMath, MathContext, MathFragment, Scaled,
-    VariantFragment,
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axis, Frame, Length, Point, Rel, Size};
+use typst_library::math::StretchElem;
+use typst_utils::Get;
+
+use super::{
+    delimiter_alignment, scaled_font_size, GlyphFragment, MathContext, MathFragment,
+    Scaled, VariantFragment,
 };
-use crate::utils::Get;
 
 /// Maximum number of times extenders can be repeated.
 const MAX_REPEATS: usize = 1024;
 
-/// Stretches a glyph.
-///
-/// This function can also be used to automatically stretch the base of an
-/// attachment, so that it fits the top and bottom attachments.
-///
-/// Note that only some glyphs can be stretched, and which ones can depend on
-/// the math font being used. However, most math fonts are the same in this
-/// regard.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ H stretch(=)^"define" U + p V $
-/// $ f : X stretch(->>, size: #150%)_"surjective" Y $
-/// $ x stretch(harpoons.ltrb, size: #3em) y
-///     stretch(\[, size: #150%) z $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct StretchElem {
-    /// The glyph to stretch.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The size to stretch to, relative to the maximum size of the glyph and
-    /// its attachments.
-    pub size: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<StretchElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.stretch", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.body(), styles)?;
-        stretch_fragment(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            &mut fragment,
-            None,
-            None,
-            self.size(styles),
-            Abs::zero(),
-        );
-        ctx.push(fragment);
-        Ok(())
-    }
+/// Lays out a [`StretchElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.stretch", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_stretch(
+    elem: &Packed<StretchElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(elem.body(), styles)?;
+    stretch_fragment(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        &mut fragment,
+        None,
+        None,
+        elem.size(styles),
+        Abs::zero(),
+    );
+    ctx.push(fragment);
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Attempts to stretch the given fragment by/to the amount given in stretch.
-pub(super) fn stretch_fragment(
+pub fn stretch_fragment(
     ctx: &mut MathContext,
     styles: StyleChain,
     fragment: &mut MathFragment,
@@ -77,9 +55,7 @@ pub(super) fn stretch_fragment(
 
     // Return if we attempt to stretch along an axis which isn't stretchable,
     // so that the original fragment isn't modified.
-    let Some(stretch_axis) = stretch_axis(ctx, &glyph) else {
-        return;
-    };
+    let Some(stretch_axis) = stretch_axis(ctx, &glyph) else { return };
     let axis = axis.unwrap_or(stretch_axis);
     if axis != stretch_axis {
         return;
@@ -105,67 +81,10 @@ pub(super) fn stretch_fragment(
     *fragment = MathFragment::Variant(variant);
 }
 
-pub(super) fn delimiter_alignment(delimiter: char) -> VAlignment {
-    match delimiter {
-        '\u{231c}' | '\u{231d}' => VAlignment::Top,
-        '\u{231e}' | '\u{231f}' => VAlignment::Bottom,
-        _ => VAlignment::Horizon,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Return whether the glyph is stretchable and if it is, along which axis it
-/// can be stretched.
-fn stretch_axis(ctx: &MathContext, base: &GlyphFragment) -> Option<Axis> {
-    let base_id = base.id;
-    let vertical = ctx
-        .table
-        .variants
-        .and_then(|variants| variants.vertical_constructions.get(base_id))
-        .map(|_| Axis::Y);
-    let horizontal = ctx
-        .table
-        .variants
-        .and_then(|variants| variants.horizontal_constructions.get(base_id))
-        .map(|_| Axis::X);
-
-    match (vertical, horizontal) {
-        (vertical, None) => vertical,
-        (None, horizontal) => horizontal,
-        _ => {
-            // As far as we know, there aren't any glyphs that have both
-            // vertical and horizontal constructions. So for the time being, we
-            // will assume that a glyph cannot have both.
-            panic!("glyph {:?} has both vertical and horizontal constructions", base.c);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl GlyphFragment {
-    /// Try to stretch a glyph to a desired height.
-    pub fn stretch_vertical(
-        self,
-        ctx: &MathContext,
-        height: Abs,
-        short_fall: Abs,
-    ) -> VariantFragment {
-        stretch_glyph(ctx, self, height, short_fall, Axis::Y)
-    }
-
-    /// Try to stretch a glyph to a desired width.
-    pub fn stretch_horizontal(
-        self,
-        ctx: &MathContext,
-        width: Abs,
-        short_fall: Abs,
-    ) -> VariantFragment {
-        stretch_glyph(ctx, self, width, short_fall, Axis::X)
-    }
-}
-
 /// Try to stretch a glyph to a desired width or height.
 ///
 /// The resulting frame may not have the exact desired width.
-fn stretch_glyph(
+pub fn stretch_glyph(
     ctx: &MathContext,
     mut base: GlyphFragment,
     target: Abs,
@@ -218,6 +137,33 @@ fn stretch_glyph(
     assemble(ctx, base, assembly, min_overlap, target, axis)
 }
 
+/// Return whether the glyph is stretchable and if it is, along which axis it
+/// can be stretched.
+fn stretch_axis(ctx: &MathContext, base: &GlyphFragment) -> Option<Axis> {
+    let base_id = base.id;
+    let vertical = ctx
+        .table
+        .variants
+        .and_then(|variants| variants.vertical_constructions.get(base_id))
+        .map(|_| Axis::Y);
+    let horizontal = ctx
+        .table
+        .variants
+        .and_then(|variants| variants.horizontal_constructions.get(base_id))
+        .map(|_| Axis::X);
+
+    match (vertical, horizontal) {
+        (vertical, None) => vertical,
+        (None, horizontal) => horizontal,
+        _ => {
+            // As far as we know, there aren't any glyphs that have both
+            // vertical and horizontal constructions. So for the time being, we
+            // will assume that a glyph cannot have both.
+            panic!("glyph {:?} has both vertical and horizontal constructions", base.c);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Assemble a glyph from parts.
 fn assemble(
     ctx: &MathContext,
@@ -323,7 +269,6 @@ fn assemble(
 
     VariantFragment {
         c: base.c,
-        id: None,
         frame,
         font_size: base.font_size,
         italics_correction: Abs::zero(),
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/text.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/text.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df80b45a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/text.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+use std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
+
+use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoString};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, StyleChain, StyleVec};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, MathSize, MathVariant};
+use typst_library::text::{
+    BottomEdge, BottomEdgeMetric, TextElem, TextSize, TopEdge, TopEdgeMetric,
+};
+use typst_syntax::{is_newline, Span};
+use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
+use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
+
+use super::{
+    scaled_font_size, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, MathContext, MathFragment, MathRun,
+};
+
+/// Lays out a [`TextElem`].
+pub fn layout_text(
+    elem: &Packed<TextElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let text = elem.text();
+    let span = elem.span();
+    let mut chars = text.chars();
+    let math_size = EquationElem::size_in(styles);
+
+    let fragment: MathFragment = if let Some(mut glyph) = chars
+        .next()
+        .filter(|_| chars.next().is_none())
+        .map(|c| styled_char(styles, c, true))
+        .and_then(|c| GlyphFragment::try_new(ctx, styles, c, span))
+    {
+        // A single letter that is available in the math font.
+        match math_size {
+            MathSize::Script => {
+                glyph.make_scriptsize(ctx);
+            }
+            MathSize::ScriptScript => {
+                glyph.make_scriptscriptsize(ctx);
+            }
+            _ => (),
+        }
+
+        if glyph.class == MathClass::Large {
+            let mut variant = if math_size == MathSize::Display {
+                let height = scaled!(ctx, styles, display_operator_min_height)
+                    .max(SQRT_2 * glyph.height());
+                glyph.stretch_vertical(ctx, height, Abs::zero())
+            } else {
+                glyph.into_variant()
+            };
+            // TeXbook p 155. Large operators are always vertically centered on the axis.
+            variant.center_on_axis(ctx);
+            variant.into()
+        } else {
+            glyph.into()
+        }
+    } else if text.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || c == '.') {
+        // Numbers aren't that difficult.
+        let mut fragments = vec![];
+        for c in text.chars() {
+            let c = styled_char(styles, c, false);
+            fragments.push(GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, c, span).into());
+        }
+        let frame = MathRun::new(fragments).into_frame(ctx, styles);
+        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_text_like(true).into()
+    } else {
+        let local = [
+            TextElem::set_top_edge(TopEdge::Metric(TopEdgeMetric::Bounds)),
+            TextElem::set_bottom_edge(BottomEdge::Metric(BottomEdgeMetric::Bounds)),
+            TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles).into())),
+        ]
+        .map(|p| p.wrap());
+
+        // Anything else is handled by Typst's standard text layout.
+        let styles = styles.chain(&local);
+        let text: EcoString =
+            text.chars().map(|c| styled_char(styles, c, false)).collect();
+        if text.contains(is_newline) {
+            let mut fragments = vec![];
+            for (i, piece) in text.split(is_newline).enumerate() {
+                if i != 0 {
+                    fragments.push(MathFragment::Linebreak);
+                }
+                if !piece.is_empty() {
+                    fragments.push(layout_complex_text(piece, ctx, span, styles)?.into());
+                }
+            }
+            let mut frame = MathRun::new(fragments).into_frame(ctx, styles);
+            let axis = scaled!(ctx, styles, axis_height);
+            frame.set_baseline(frame.height() / 2.0 + axis);
+            FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).into()
+        } else {
+            layout_complex_text(&text, ctx, span, styles)?.into()
+        }
+    };
+
+    ctx.push(fragment);
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Layout the given text string into a [`FrameFragment`].
+fn layout_complex_text(
+    text: &str,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    span: Span,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<FrameFragment> {
+    // There isn't a natural width for a paragraph in a math environment;
+    // because it will be placed somewhere probably not at the left margin
+    // it will overflow. So emulate an `hbox` instead and allow the paragraph
+    // to extend as far as needed.
+    let spaced = text.graphemes(true).nth(1).is_some();
+    let elem = TextElem::packed(text).spanned(span);
+    let frame = (ctx.engine.routines.layout_inline)(
+        ctx.engine,
+        &StyleVec::wrap(eco_vec![elem]),
+        ctx.locator.next(&span),
+        styles,
+        false,
+        Size::splat(Abs::inf()),
+        false,
+    )?
+    .into_frame();
+
+    Ok(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
+        .with_class(MathClass::Alphabetic)
+        .with_text_like(true)
+        .with_spaced(spaced))
+}
+
+/// Select the correct styled math letter.
+///
+/// <https://www.w3.org/TR/mathml-core/#new-text-transform-mappings>
+/// <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols>
+fn styled_char(styles: StyleChain, c: char, auto_italic: bool) -> char {
+    use MathVariant::*;
+
+    let variant = EquationElem::variant_in(styles);
+    let bold = EquationElem::bold_in(styles);
+    let italic = EquationElem::italic_in(styles).unwrap_or(
+        auto_italic
+            && matches!(
+                c,
+                'a'..='z' | 'ı' | 'ȷ' | 'A'..='Z' | 'α'..='ω' |
+                '∂' | 'ϵ' | 'ϑ' | 'ϰ' | 'ϕ' | 'ϱ' | 'ϖ'
+            )
+            && matches!(variant, Sans | Serif),
+    );
+
+    if let Some(c) = basic_exception(c) {
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(c) = latin_exception(c, variant, bold, italic) {
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    if let Some(c) = greek_exception(c, variant, bold, italic) {
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    let base = match c {
+        'A'..='Z' => 'A',
+        'a'..='z' => 'a',
+        'Α'..='Ω' => 'Α',
+        'α'..='ω' => 'α',
+        '0'..='9' => '0',
+        // Hebrew Alef -> Dalet.
+        '\u{05D0}'..='\u{05D3}' => '\u{05D0}',
+        _ => return c,
+    };
+
+    let tuple = (variant, bold, italic);
+    let start = match c {
+        // Latin upper.
+        'A'..='Z' => match tuple {
+            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0041,
+            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D400,
+            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D434,
+            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D468,
+            (Sans, false, false) => 0x1D5A0,
+            (Sans, true, false) => 0x1D5D4,
+            (Sans, false, true) => 0x1D608,
+            (Sans, true, true) => 0x1D63C,
+            (Cal, false, _) => 0x1D49C,
+            (Cal, true, _) => 0x1D4D0,
+            (Frak, false, _) => 0x1D504,
+            (Frak, true, _) => 0x1D56C,
+            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D670,
+            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D538,
+        },
+
+        // Latin lower.
+        'a'..='z' => match tuple {
+            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0061,
+            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D41A,
+            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D44E,
+            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D482,
+            (Sans, false, false) => 0x1D5BA,
+            (Sans, true, false) => 0x1D5EE,
+            (Sans, false, true) => 0x1D622,
+            (Sans, true, true) => 0x1D656,
+            (Cal, false, _) => 0x1D4B6,
+            (Cal, true, _) => 0x1D4EA,
+            (Frak, false, _) => 0x1D51E,
+            (Frak, true, _) => 0x1D586,
+            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D68A,
+            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D552,
+        },
+
+        // Greek upper.
+        'Α'..='Ω' => match tuple {
+            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0391,
+            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D6A8,
+            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D6E2,
+            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D71C,
+            (Sans, _, false) => 0x1D756,
+            (Sans, _, true) => 0x1D790,
+            (Cal | Frak | Mono | Bb, _, _) => return c,
+        },
+
+        // Greek lower.
+        'α'..='ω' => match tuple {
+            (Serif, false, false) => 0x03B1,
+            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D6C2,
+            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D6FC,
+            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D736,
+            (Sans, _, false) => 0x1D770,
+            (Sans, _, true) => 0x1D7AA,
+            (Cal | Frak | Mono | Bb, _, _) => return c,
+        },
+
+        // Hebrew Alef -> Dalet.
+        '\u{05D0}'..='\u{05D3}' => 0x2135,
+
+        // Numbers.
+        '0'..='9' => match tuple {
+            (Serif, false, _) => 0x0030,
+            (Serif, true, _) => 0x1D7CE,
+            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D7D8,
+            (Sans, false, _) => 0x1D7E2,
+            (Sans, true, _) => 0x1D7EC,
+            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D7F6,
+            (Cal | Frak, _, _) => return c,
+        },
+
+        _ => unreachable!(),
+    };
+
+    std::char::from_u32(start + (c as u32 - base as u32)).unwrap()
+}
+
+fn basic_exception(c: char) -> Option<char> {
+    Some(match c {
+        '〈' => '⟨',
+        '〉' => '⟩',
+        '《' => '⟪',
+        '》' => '⟫',
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+fn latin_exception(
+    c: char,
+    variant: MathVariant,
+    bold: bool,
+    italic: bool,
+) -> Option<char> {
+    use MathVariant::*;
+    Some(match (c, variant, bold, italic) {
+        ('B', Cal, false, _) => 'ℬ',
+        ('E', Cal, false, _) => 'ℰ',
+        ('F', Cal, false, _) => 'ℱ',
+        ('H', Cal, false, _) => 'ℋ',
+        ('I', Cal, false, _) => 'ℐ',
+        ('L', Cal, false, _) => 'ℒ',
+        ('M', Cal, false, _) => 'ℳ',
+        ('R', Cal, false, _) => 'ℛ',
+        ('C', Frak, false, _) => 'ℭ',
+        ('H', Frak, false, _) => 'ℌ',
+        ('I', Frak, false, _) => 'ℑ',
+        ('R', Frak, false, _) => 'ℜ',
+        ('Z', Frak, false, _) => 'ℨ',
+        ('C', Bb, ..) => 'ℂ',
+        ('H', Bb, ..) => 'ℍ',
+        ('N', Bb, ..) => 'ℕ',
+        ('P', Bb, ..) => 'ℙ',
+        ('Q', Bb, ..) => 'ℚ',
+        ('R', Bb, ..) => 'ℝ',
+        ('Z', Bb, ..) => 'ℤ',
+        ('D', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅅ',
+        ('d', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅆ',
+        ('e', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅇ',
+        ('i', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅈ',
+        ('j', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅉ',
+        ('h', Serif, false, true) => 'ℎ',
+        ('e', Cal, false, _) => 'ℯ',
+        ('g', Cal, false, _) => 'ℊ',
+        ('o', Cal, false, _) => 'ℴ',
+        ('ı', Serif, .., true) => '𝚤',
+        ('ȷ', Serif, .., true) => '𝚥',
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
+
+fn greek_exception(
+    c: char,
+    variant: MathVariant,
+    bold: bool,
+    italic: bool,
+) -> Option<char> {
+    use MathVariant::*;
+    let list = match c {
+        'ϴ' => ['𝚹', '𝛳', '𝜭', '𝝧', '𝞡', 'ϴ'],
+        '∇' => ['𝛁', '𝛻', '𝜵', '𝝯', '𝞩', '∇'],
+        '∂' => ['𝛛', '𝜕', '𝝏', '𝞉', '𝟃', '∂'],
+        'ϵ' => ['𝛜', '𝜖', '𝝐', '𝞊', '𝟄', 'ϵ'],
+        'ϑ' => ['𝛝', '𝜗', '𝝑', '𝞋', '𝟅', 'ϑ'],
+        'ϰ' => ['𝛞', '𝜘', '𝝒', '𝞌', '𝟆', 'ϰ'],
+        'ϕ' => ['𝛟', '𝜙', '𝝓', '𝞍', '𝟇', 'ϕ'],
+        'ϱ' => ['𝛠', '𝜚', '𝝔', '𝞎', '𝟈', 'ϱ'],
+        'ϖ' => ['𝛡', '𝜛', '𝝕', '𝞏', '𝟉', 'ϖ'],
+        'Γ' => ['𝚪', '𝛤', '𝜞', '𝝘', '𝞒', 'ℾ'],
+        'γ' => ['𝛄', '𝛾', '𝜸', '𝝲', '𝞬', 'ℽ'],
+        'Π' => ['𝚷', '𝛱', '𝜫', '𝝥', '𝞟', 'ℿ'],
+        'π' => ['𝛑', '𝜋', '𝝅', '𝝿', '𝞹', 'ℼ'],
+        '∑' => ['∑', '∑', '∑', '∑', '∑', '⅀'],
+        _ => return None,
+    };
+
+    Some(match (variant, bold, italic) {
+        (Serif, true, false) => list[0],
+        (Serif, false, true) => list[1],
+        (Serif, true, true) => list[2],
+        (Sans, _, false) => list[3],
+        (Sans, _, true) => list[4],
+        (Bb, ..) => list[5],
+        _ => return None,
+    })
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/math/underover.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/underover.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1d4825b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/math/underover.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Em, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::math::{
+    OverbraceElem, OverbracketElem, OverlineElem, OverparenElem, OvershellElem,
+    UnderbraceElem, UnderbracketElem, UnderlineElem, UnderparenElem, UndershellElem,
+};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use super::{
+    scaled_font_size, stack, style_cramped, style_for_subscript, style_for_superscript,
+    FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LeftRightAlternator, MathContext, MathRun,
+};
+
+const BRACE_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
+const BRACKET_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
+const PAREN_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
+const SHELL_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
+
+/// A marker to distinguish under- and overlines.
+enum Position {
+    Under,
+    Over,
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`UnderlineElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underline", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_underline(
+    elem: &Packed<UnderlineElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverline(ctx, styles, elem.body(), elem.span(), Position::Under)
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OverlineElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overline", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_overline(
+    elem: &Packed<OverlineElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverline(ctx, styles, elem.body(), elem.span(), Position::Over)
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`UnderbraceElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underbrace", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_underbrace(
+    elem: &Packed<UnderbraceElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏟',
+        BRACE_GAP,
+        Position::Under,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OverbraceElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overbrace", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_overbrace(
+    elem: &Packed<OverbraceElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏞',
+        BRACE_GAP,
+        Position::Over,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`UnderbracketElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underbracket", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_underbracket(
+    elem: &Packed<UnderbracketElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⎵',
+        BRACKET_GAP,
+        Position::Under,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OverbracketElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overbracket", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_overbracket(
+    elem: &Packed<OverbracketElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⎴',
+        BRACKET_GAP,
+        Position::Over,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`UnderparenElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underparen", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_underparen(
+    elem: &Packed<UnderparenElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏝',
+        PAREN_GAP,
+        Position::Under,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OverparenElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overparen", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_overparen(
+    elem: &Packed<OverparenElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏜',
+        PAREN_GAP,
+        Position::Over,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`UndershellElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.undershell", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_undershell(
+    elem: &Packed<UndershellElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏡',
+        SHELL_GAP,
+        Position::Under,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lays out an [`OvershellElem`].
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overshell", span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_overshell(
+    elem: &Packed<OvershellElem>,
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    layout_underoverspreader(
+        ctx,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        &elem.annotation(styles),
+        '⏠',
+        SHELL_GAP,
+        Position::Over,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// layout under- or overlined content.
+fn layout_underoverline(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    body: &Content,
+    span: Span,
+    position: Position,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let (extra_height, content, line_pos, content_pos, baseline, bar_height, line_adjust);
+    match position {
+        Position::Under => {
+            let sep = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_extra_descender);
+            bar_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_rule_thickness);
+            let gap = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_vertical_gap);
+            extra_height = sep + bar_height + gap;
+
+            content = ctx.layout_into_fragment(body, styles)?;
+
+            line_pos = Point::with_y(content.height() + gap + bar_height / 2.0);
+            content_pos = Point::zero();
+            baseline = content.ascent();
+            line_adjust = -content.italics_correction();
+        }
+        Position::Over => {
+            let sep = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_extra_ascender);
+            bar_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_rule_thickness);
+            let gap = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_vertical_gap);
+            extra_height = sep + bar_height + gap;
+
+            let cramped = style_cramped();
+            content = ctx.layout_into_fragment(body, styles.chain(&cramped))?;
+
+            line_pos = Point::with_y(sep + bar_height / 2.0);
+            content_pos = Point::with_y(extra_height);
+            baseline = content.ascent() + extra_height;
+            line_adjust = Abs::zero();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let width = content.width();
+    let height = content.height() + extra_height;
+    let size = Size::new(width, height);
+    let line_width = width + line_adjust;
+
+    let content_class = content.class();
+    let content_is_text_like = content.is_text_like();
+    let content_italics_correction = content.italics_correction();
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    frame.set_baseline(baseline);
+    frame.push_frame(content_pos, content.into_frame());
+    frame.push(
+        line_pos,
+        FrameItem::Shape(
+            Geometry::Line(Point::with_x(line_width)).stroked(FixedStroke {
+                paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
+                thickness: bar_height,
+                ..FixedStroke::default()
+            }),
+            span,
+        ),
+    );
+
+    ctx.push(
+        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
+            .with_class(content_class)
+            .with_text_like(content_is_text_like)
+            .with_italics_correction(content_italics_correction),
+    );
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Layout an over- or underbrace-like object.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn layout_underoverspreader(
+    ctx: &mut MathContext,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    body: &Content,
+    annotation: &Option<Content>,
+    c: char,
+    gap: Em,
+    position: Position,
+    span: Span,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
+    let gap = gap.at(font_size);
+    let body = ctx.layout_into_run(body, styles)?;
+    let body_class = body.class();
+    let body = body.into_fragment(ctx, styles);
+    let glyph = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, c, span);
+    let stretched = glyph.stretch_horizontal(ctx, body.width(), Abs::zero());
+
+    let mut rows = vec![];
+    let baseline = match position {
+        Position::Under => {
+            rows.push(MathRun::new(vec![body]));
+            rows.push(stretched.into());
+            if let Some(annotation) = annotation {
+                let under_style = style_for_subscript(styles);
+                let annotation_styles = styles.chain(&under_style);
+                rows.push(ctx.layout_into_run(annotation, annotation_styles)?);
+            }
+            0
+        }
+        Position::Over => {
+            if let Some(annotation) = annotation {
+                let over_style = style_for_superscript(styles);
+                let annotation_styles = styles.chain(&over_style);
+                rows.push(ctx.layout_into_run(annotation, annotation_styles)?);
+            }
+            rows.push(stretched.into());
+            rows.push(MathRun::new(vec![body]));
+            rows.len() - 1
+        }
+    };
+
+    let frame = stack(
+        rows,
+        FixedAlignment::Center,
+        gap,
+        baseline,
+        LeftRightAlternator::Right,
+        None,
+    );
+    ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_class(body_class));
+
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pad.rs
index ff5d4e69..00badcdb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pad.rs
@@ -1,78 +1,14 @@
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain,
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Fragment, Frame, PadElem, Point, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment, Abs, BlockElem, Fragment, Frame, Length, Point, Regions, Rel, Sides,
-    Size,
-};
-
-/// Adds spacing around content.
-///
-/// The spacing can be specified for each side individually, or for all sides at
-/// once by specifying a positional argument.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// #set align(center)
-///
-/// #pad(x: 16pt, image("typing.jpg"))
-/// _Typing speeds can be
-///  measured in words per minute._
-/// ```
-#[elem(title = "Padding", Show)]
-pub struct PadElem {
-    /// The padding at the left side.
-    #[parse(
-        let all = args.named("rest")?.or(args.find()?);
-        let x = args.named("x")?.or(all);
-        let y = args.named("y")?.or(all);
-        args.named("left")?.or(x)
-    )]
-    pub left: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// The padding at the top side.
-    #[parse(args.named("top")?.or(y))]
-    pub top: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// The padding at the right side.
-    #[parse(args.named("right")?.or(x))]
-    pub right: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// The padding at the bottom side.
-    #[parse(args.named("bottom")?.or(y))]
-    pub bottom: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// A shorthand to set `left` and `right` to the same value.
-    #[external]
-    pub x: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// A shorthand to set `top` and `bottom` to the same value.
-    #[external]
-    pub y: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// A shorthand to set all four sides to the same value.
-    #[external]
-    pub rest: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// The content to pad at the sides.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl Show for Packed<PadElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_pad)
-            .pack()
-            .spanned(self.span()))
-    }
-}
 
 /// Layout the padded content.
 #[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_pad(
+pub fn layout_pad(
     elem: &Packed<PadElem>,
     engine: &mut Engine,
     locator: Locator,
@@ -90,7 +26,7 @@ fn layout_pad(
     let pod = regions.map(&mut backlog, |size| shrink(size, &padding));
 
     // Layout child into padded regions.
-    let mut fragment = layout_fragment(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+    let mut fragment = crate::layout_fragment(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
 
     for frame in &mut fragment {
         grow(frame, &padding);
@@ -100,13 +36,13 @@ fn layout_pad(
 }
 
 /// Shrink a region size by an inset relative to the size itself.
-pub(crate) fn shrink(size: Size, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
+pub fn shrink(size: Size, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
     size - inset.sum_by_axis().relative_to(size)
 }
 
 /// Shrink the components of possibly multiple `Regions` by an inset relative to
 /// the regions themselves.
-pub(crate) fn shrink_multiple(
+pub fn shrink_multiple(
     size: &mut Size,
     full: &mut Abs,
     backlog: &mut [Abs],
@@ -141,7 +77,7 @@ pub(crate) fn shrink_multiple(
 ///   <=> w - p.rel * w - p.abs = s
 ///   <=> (1 - p.rel) * w = s + p.abs
 ///   <=> w = (s + p.abs) / (1 - p.rel)
-pub(crate) fn grow(frame: &mut Frame, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) {
+pub fn grow(frame: &mut Frame, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) {
     // Apply the padding inversely such that the grown size padded
     // yields the frame's size.
     let padded = frame
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/collect.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/collect.rs
index 2e7201e2..1903d6ac 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/collect.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/collect.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
-use crate::foundations::StyleChain;
-use crate::introspection::{Locator, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
-use crate::layout::{PagebreakElem, Parity};
-use crate::realize::Pair;
+use typst_library::foundations::StyleChain;
+use typst_library::introspection::{Locator, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
+use typst_library::layout::{PagebreakElem, Parity};
+use typst_library::routines::Pair;
 
 /// An item in page layout.
 pub enum Item<'a> {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/finalize.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/finalize.rs
index d1842613..8df6cb16 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/finalize.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/finalize.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::introspection::{ManualPageCounter, Tag};
+use typst_library::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, Page, Point};
+
 use super::LayoutedPage;
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::introspection::{ManualPageCounter, Tag};
-use crate::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, Page, Point};
 
 /// Piece together the inner page frame and the marginals. We can only do this
 /// at the very end because inside/outside margins require knowledge of the
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs
index 6833d535..b969749a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs
@@ -5,25 +5,25 @@ mod finalize;
 mod run;
 
 use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{
+    Introspector, Locator, ManualPageCounter, SplitLocator, TagElem,
+};
+use typst_library::layout::{FrameItem, Page, Point};
+use typst_library::model::{Document, DocumentInfo};
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind, Routines};
+use typst_library::World;
 
 use self::collect::{collect, Item};
 use self::finalize::finalize;
 use self::run::{layout_blank_page, layout_page_run, LayoutedPage};
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{Content, StyleChain};
-use crate::introspection::{
-    Introspector, Locator, ManualPageCounter, SplitLocator, TagElem,
-};
-use crate::layout::{FrameItem, Page, Point};
-use crate::model::{Document, DocumentInfo};
-use crate::realize::{realize, Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind};
-use crate::World;
 
 /// Layout content into a document.
 ///
 /// This first performs root-level realization and then lays out the resulting
-/// elements. In contrast to [`layout_fragment`](crate::layout::layout_fragment),
+/// elements. In contrast to [`layout_fragment`](crate::layout_fragment),
 /// this does not take regions since the regions are defined by the page
 /// configuration in the content and style chain.
 #[typst_macros::time(name = "document")]
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ pub fn layout_document(
     styles: StyleChain,
 ) -> SourceResult<Document> {
     layout_document_impl(
+        engine.routines,
         engine.world,
         engine.introspector,
         engine.traced,
@@ -45,7 +46,9 @@ pub fn layout_document(
 
 /// The internal implementation of `layout_document`.
 #[comemo::memoize]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_document_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ fn layout_document_impl(
 ) -> SourceResult<Document> {
     let mut locator = Locator::root().split();
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -70,7 +74,7 @@ fn layout_document_impl(
 
     let arenas = Arenas::default();
     let mut info = DocumentInfo::default();
-    let mut children = realize(
+    let mut children = (engine.routines.realize)(
         RealizationKind::Root(&mut info),
         &mut engine,
         &mut locator,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/run.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/run.rs
index b5c2834f..15735faa 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pages/run.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/run.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{Content, NativeElement, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Styles};
-use crate::introspection::{
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{
+    Content, NativeElement, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Styles,
+};
+use typst_library::introspection::{
     Counter, CounterDisplayElem, CounterKey, Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink, TagElem,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_flow, layout_frame, Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, Binding, ColumnsElem,
-    Dir, Frame, HAlignment, Length, OuterVAlignment, PageElem, Paper, Region, Regions,
-    Rel, Sides, Size, VAlignment,
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, Binding, ColumnsElem, Dir, Frame, HAlignment,
+    Length, OuterVAlignment, PageElem, Paper, Region, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
+    VAlignment,
 };
-use crate::model::Numbering;
-use crate::realize::Pair;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-use crate::visualize::Paint;
-use crate::World;
+use typst_library::model::Numbering;
+use typst_library::routines::{Pair, Routines};
+use typst_library::text::TextElem;
+use typst_library::visualize::Paint;
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+use crate::flow::layout_flow;
 
 /// A mostly finished layout for one page. Needs only knowledge of its exact
 /// page number to be finalized into a `Page`. (Because the margins can depend
@@ -54,6 +57,7 @@ pub fn layout_page_run(
     initial: StyleChain,
 ) -> SourceResult<Vec<LayoutedPage>> {
     layout_page_run_impl(
+        engine.routines,
         engine.world,
         engine.introspector,
         engine.traced,
@@ -69,6 +73,7 @@ pub fn layout_page_run(
 #[comemo::memoize]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_page_run_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
     world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
     introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -81,6 +86,7 @@ fn layout_page_run_impl(
     let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
     let mut locator = Locator::link(&link).split();
     let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
         world,
         introspector,
         traced,
@@ -177,7 +183,7 @@ fn layout_page_run_impl(
     let mut layout_marginal = |content: &Option<Content>, area, align| {
         let Some(content) = content else { return Ok(None) };
         let aligned = content.clone().styled(AlignElem::set_alignment(align));
-        layout_frame(
+        crate::layout_frame(
             &mut engine,
             &aligned,
             locator.next(&content.span()),
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/repeat.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/repeat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b761438c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/repeat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Frame, Point, Region, RepeatElem, Size,
+};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+/// Layout the repeated content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_repeat(
+    elem: &Packed<RepeatElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let pod = Region::new(region.size, Axes::new(false, false));
+    let piece = crate::layout_frame(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+    let size = Size::new(region.size.x, piece.height());
+
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "repeat with no size restrictions");
+    }
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    if piece.has_baseline() {
+        frame.set_baseline(piece.baseline());
+    }
+
+    let mut gap = elem.gap(styles).resolve(styles);
+    let fill = region.size.x;
+    let width = piece.width();
+
+    // count * width + (count - 1) * gap = fill, but count is an integer so
+    // we need to round down and get the remainder.
+    let count = ((fill + gap) / (width + gap)).floor();
+    let remaining = (fill + gap) % (width + gap);
+
+    let justify = elem.justify(styles);
+    if justify {
+        gap += remaining / (count - 1.0);
+    }
+
+    let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
+    let mut offset = Abs::zero();
+    if count == 1.0 || !justify {
+        offset += align.x.position(remaining);
+    }
+
+    if width > Abs::zero() {
+        for _ in 0..(count as usize).min(1000) {
+            frame.push_frame(Point::with_x(offset), piece.clone());
+            offset += piece.width() + gap;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/shapes.rs
index 56ecd029..31f8c42b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/shapes.rs
@@ -1,469 +1,319 @@
 use std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
 
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, Cast, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+use kurbo::ParamCurveExtrema;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, Corner, Corners, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Ratio, Region, Rel,
+    Sides, Size,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Corner, Corners, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point,
-    Ratio, Region, Rel, Sides, Size, Sizing,
+use typst_library::visualize::{
+    CircleElem, EllipseElem, FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, LineElem, Paint, Path,
+    PathElem, PathVertex, PolygonElem, RectElem, Shape, SquareElem, Stroke,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::Get;
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint, Path, Stroke};
-
-/// A rectangle with optional content.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// // Without content.
-/// #rect(width: 35%, height: 30pt)
-///
-/// // With content.
-/// #rect[
-///   Automatically sized \
-///   to fit the content.
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(title = "Rectangle", Show)]
-pub struct RectElem {
-    /// The rectangle's width, relative to its parent container.
-    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The rectangle's height, relative to its parent container.
-    pub height: Sizing,
-
-    /// How to fill the rectangle.
-    ///
-    /// When setting a fill, the default stroke disappears. To create a
-    /// rectangle with both fill and stroke, you have to configure both.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #rect(fill: blue)
-    /// ```
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// How to stroke the rectangle. This can be:
-    ///
-    /// - `{none}` to disable stroking
-    /// - `{auto}` for a stroke of `{1pt + black}` if and if only if no fill is
-    ///   given.
-    /// - Any kind of [stroke]
-    /// - A dictionary describing the stroke for each side individually. The
-    ///   dictionary can contain the following keys in order of precedence:
-    ///   - `top`: The top stroke.
-    ///   - `right`: The right stroke.
-    ///   - `bottom`: The bottom stroke.
-    ///   - `left`: The left stroke.
-    ///   - `x`: The horizontal stroke.
-    ///   - `y`: The vertical stroke.
-    ///   - `rest`: The stroke on all sides except those for which the
-    ///     dictionary explicitly sets a size.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #stack(
-    ///   dir: ltr,
-    ///   spacing: 1fr,
-    ///   rect(stroke: red),
-    ///   rect(stroke: 2pt),
-    ///   rect(stroke: 2pt + red),
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub stroke: Smart<Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>>,
-
-    /// How much to round the rectangle's corners, relative to the minimum of
-    /// the width and height divided by two. This can be:
-    ///
-    /// - A relative length for a uniform corner radius.
-    /// - A dictionary: With a dictionary, the stroke for each side can be set
-    ///   individually. The dictionary can contain the following keys in order
-    ///   of precedence:
-    ///   - `top-left`: The top-left corner radius.
-    ///   - `top-right`: The top-right corner radius.
-    ///   - `bottom-right`: The bottom-right corner radius.
-    ///   - `bottom-left`: The bottom-left corner radius.
-    ///   - `left`: The top-left and bottom-left corner radii.
-    ///   - `top`: The top-left and top-right corner radii.
-    ///   - `right`: The top-right and bottom-right corner radii.
-    ///   - `bottom`: The bottom-left and bottom-right corner radii.
-    ///   - `rest`: The radii for all corners except those for which the
-    ///     dictionary explicitly sets a size.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set rect(stroke: 4pt)
-    /// #rect(
-    ///   radius: (
-    ///     left: 5pt,
-    ///     top-right: 20pt,
-    ///     bottom-right: 10pt,
-    ///   ),
-    ///   stroke: (
-    ///     left: red,
-    ///     top: yellow,
-    ///     right: green,
-    ///     bottom: blue,
-    ///   ),
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the rectangle's content.
-    /// See the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the rectangle's size without affecting the layout.
-    /// See the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// The content to place into the rectangle.
-    ///
-    /// When this is omitted, the rectangle takes on a default size of at most
-    /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{Get, Numeric};
+
+/// Layout the line.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_line(
+    elem: &Packed<LineElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    _: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Abs>>| axes.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
+    let start = resolve(elem.start(styles));
+    let delta = elem.end(styles).map(|end| resolve(end) - start).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let length = elem.length(styles);
+        let angle = elem.angle(styles);
+        let x = angle.cos() * length;
+        let y = angle.sin() * length;
+        resolve(Axes::new(x, y))
+    });
+
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+    let size = start.max(start + delta).max(Size::zero());
+
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create line with infinite length");
+    }
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    let shape = Geometry::Line(delta.to_point()).stroked(stroke);
+    frame.push(start.to_point(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
 
-impl Show for Packed<RectElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(
-            self.clone(),
-            |elem, engine, locator, styles, region| {
-                layout_shape(
-                    engine,
-                    locator,
-                    styles,
-                    region,
-                    ShapeKind::Rect,
-                    elem.body(styles),
-                    elem.fill(styles),
-                    elem.stroke(styles),
-                    elem.inset(styles),
-                    elem.outset(styles),
-                    elem.radius(styles),
-                    elem.span(),
-                )
-            },
-        )
-        .with_width(self.width(styles))
-        .with_height(self.height(styles))
-        .pack()
-        .spanned(self.span()))
+/// Layout the path.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_path(
+    elem: &Packed<PathElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    _: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Length>>| {
+        axes.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point()
+    };
+
+    let vertices = elem.vertices();
+    let points: Vec<Point> = vertices.iter().map(|c| resolve(c.vertex())).collect();
+
+    let mut size = Size::zero();
+    if points.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Frame::soft(size));
     }
-}
 
-/// A square with optional content.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// // Without content.
-/// #square(size: 40pt)
-///
-/// // With content.
-/// #square[
-///   Automatically \
-///   sized to fit.
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(Show)]
-pub struct SquareElem {
-    /// The square's side length. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
-    /// `height`.
-    #[external]
-    pub size: Smart<Length>,
-
-    /// The square's width. This is mutually exclusive with `size` and `height`.
-    ///
-    /// In contrast to `size`, this can be relative to the parent container's
-    /// width.
-    #[parse(
-        let size = args.named::<Smart<Length>>("size")?.map(|s| s.map(Rel::from));
-        match size {
-            None => args.named("width")?,
-            size => size,
-        }
-    )]
-    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The square's height. This is mutually exclusive with `size` and `width`.
-    ///
-    /// In contrast to `size`, this can be relative to the parent container's
-    /// height.
-    #[parse(match size {
-        None => args.named("height")?,
-        size => size.map(Into::into),
-    })]
-    pub height: Sizing,
-
-    /// How to fill the square. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
-    /// for more details.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// How to stroke the square. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub stroke: Smart<Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>>,
-
-    /// How much to round the square's corners. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the square's content. See the
-    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the square's size without affecting the layout. See
-    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// The content to place into the square. The square expands to fit this
-    /// content, keeping the 1-1 aspect ratio.
-    ///
-    /// When this is omitted, the square takes on a default size of at most
-    /// `{30pt}`.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
+    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
+    // Construct a closed path given all points.
+    let mut path = Path::new();
+    path.move_to(points[0]);
+
+    let mut add_cubic = |from_point: Point,
+                         to_point: Point,
+                         from: PathVertex,
+                         to: PathVertex| {
+        let from_control_point = resolve(from.control_point_from()) + from_point;
+        let to_control_point = resolve(to.control_point_to()) + to_point;
+        path.cubic_to(from_control_point, to_control_point, to_point);
+
+        let p0 = kurbo::Point::new(from_point.x.to_raw(), from_point.y.to_raw());
+        let p1 = kurbo::Point::new(
+            from_control_point.x.to_raw(),
+            from_control_point.y.to_raw(),
+        );
+        let p2 =
+            kurbo::Point::new(to_control_point.x.to_raw(), to_control_point.y.to_raw());
+        let p3 = kurbo::Point::new(to_point.x.to_raw(), to_point.y.to_raw());
+        let extrema = kurbo::CubicBez::new(p0, p1, p2, p3).bounding_box();
+        size.x.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.x1));
+        size.y.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.y1));
+    };
+
+    for (vertex_window, point_window) in vertices.windows(2).zip(points.windows(2)) {
+        let from = vertex_window[0];
+        let to = vertex_window[1];
+        let from_point = point_window[0];
+        let to_point = point_window[1];
+
+        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
+    }
+
+    if elem.closed(styles) {
+        let from = *vertices.last().unwrap(); // We checked that we have at least one element.
+        let to = vertices[0];
+        let from_point = *points.last().unwrap();
+        let to_point = points[0];
+
+        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
+        path.close_path();
+    }
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let fill_rule = elem.fill_rule(styles);
+    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
+        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
+        Smart::Auto => None,
+        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
+    };
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    let shape = Shape {
+        geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
+        stroke,
+        fill,
+        fill_rule,
+    };
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
 
-impl Show for Packed<SquareElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(
-            self.clone(),
-            |elem, engine, locator, styles, regions| {
-                layout_shape(
-                    engine,
-                    locator,
-                    styles,
-                    regions,
-                    ShapeKind::Square,
-                    elem.body(styles),
-                    elem.fill(styles),
-                    elem.stroke(styles),
-                    elem.inset(styles),
-                    elem.outset(styles),
-                    elem.radius(styles),
-                    elem.span(),
-                )
-            },
-        )
-        .with_width(self.width(styles))
-        .with_height(self.height(styles))
-        .pack()
-        .spanned(self.span()))
+/// Layout the polygon.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_polygon(
+    elem: &Packed<PolygonElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    _: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let points: Vec<Point> = elem
+        .vertices()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|c| c.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point())
+        .collect();
+
+    let size = points.iter().fold(Point::zero(), |max, c| c.max(max)).to_size();
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create polygon with infinite size");
+    }
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::hard(size);
+
+    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
+    if points.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(frame);
     }
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let fill_rule = elem.fill_rule(styles);
+    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
+        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
+        Smart::Auto => None,
+        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
+    };
+
+    // Construct a closed path given all points.
+    let mut path = Path::new();
+    path.move_to(points[0]);
+    for &point in &points[1..] {
+        path.line_to(point);
+    }
+    path.close_path();
+
+    let shape = Shape {
+        geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
+        stroke,
+        fill,
+        fill_rule,
+    };
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
 
-/// An ellipse with optional content.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// // Without content.
-/// #ellipse(width: 35%, height: 30pt)
-///
-/// // With content.
-/// #ellipse[
-///   #set align(center)
-///   Automatically sized \
-///   to fit the content.
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(Show)]
-pub struct EllipseElem {
-    /// The ellipse's width, relative to its parent container.
-    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The ellipse's height, relative to its parent container.
-    pub height: Sizing,
-
-    /// How to fill the ellipse. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
-    /// for more details.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// How to stroke the ellipse. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub stroke: Smart<Option<Stroke>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the ellipse's content. See the
-    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the ellipse's size without affecting the layout. See
-    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// The content to place into the ellipse.
-    ///
-    /// When this is omitted, the ellipse takes on a default size of at most
-    /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
+/// Lay out the rectangle.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_rect(
+    elem: &Packed<RectElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    layout_shape(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        styles,
+        region,
+        ShapeKind::Rect,
+        elem.body(styles),
+        elem.fill(styles),
+        elem.stroke(styles),
+        elem.inset(styles),
+        elem.outset(styles),
+        elem.radius(styles),
+        elem.span(),
+    )
 }
 
-impl Show for Packed<EllipseElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(
-            self.clone(),
-            |elem, engine, locator, styles, regions| {
-                layout_shape(
-                    engine,
-                    locator,
-                    styles,
-                    regions,
-                    ShapeKind::Ellipse,
-                    elem.body(styles),
-                    elem.fill(styles),
-                    elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
-                    elem.inset(styles),
-                    elem.outset(styles),
-                    Corners::splat(None),
-                    elem.span(),
-                )
-            },
-        )
-        .with_width(self.width(styles))
-        .with_height(self.height(styles))
-        .pack()
-        .spanned(self.span()))
-    }
+/// Lay out the square.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_square(
+    elem: &Packed<SquareElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    layout_shape(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        styles,
+        region,
+        ShapeKind::Square,
+        elem.body(styles),
+        elem.fill(styles),
+        elem.stroke(styles),
+        elem.inset(styles),
+        elem.outset(styles),
+        elem.radius(styles),
+        elem.span(),
+    )
 }
 
-/// A circle with optional content.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// // Without content.
-/// #circle(radius: 25pt)
-///
-/// // With content.
-/// #circle[
-///   #set align(center + horizon)
-///   Automatically \
-///   sized to fit.
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(Show)]
-pub struct CircleElem {
-    /// The circle's radius. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
-    /// `height`.
-    #[external]
-    pub radius: Length,
-
-    /// The circle's width. This is mutually exclusive with `radius` and
-    /// `height`.
-    ///
-    /// In contrast to `radius`, this can be relative to the parent container's
-    /// width.
-    #[parse(
-        let size = args
-            .named::<Smart<Length>>("radius")?
-            .map(|s| s.map(|r| 2.0 * Rel::from(r)));
-        match size {
-            None => args.named("width")?,
-            size => size,
-        }
-    )]
-    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The circle's height. This is mutually exclusive with `radius` and
-    /// `width`.
-    ///
-    /// In contrast to `radius`, this can be relative to the parent container's
-    /// height.
-    #[parse(match size {
-        None => args.named("height")?,
-        size => size.map(Into::into),
-    })]
-    pub height: Sizing,
-
-    /// How to fill the circle. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
-    /// for more details.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// How to stroke the circle. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Smart::Auto)]
-    pub stroke: Smart<Option<Stroke>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the circle's content. See the
-    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the circle's size without affecting the layout. See
-    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// The content to place into the circle. The circle expands to fit this
-    /// content, keeping the 1-1 aspect ratio.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
+/// Lay out the ellipse.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_ellipse(
+    elem: &Packed<EllipseElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    layout_shape(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        styles,
+        region,
+        ShapeKind::Ellipse,
+        elem.body(styles),
+        elem.fill(styles),
+        elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
+        elem.inset(styles),
+        elem.outset(styles),
+        Corners::splat(None),
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Lay out the circle.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_circle(
+    elem: &Packed<CircleElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    layout_shape(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        styles,
+        region,
+        ShapeKind::Circle,
+        elem.body(styles),
+        elem.fill(styles),
+        elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
+        elem.inset(styles),
+        elem.outset(styles),
+        Corners::splat(None),
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+}
+
+/// A category of shape.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+enum ShapeKind {
+    /// A rectangle with equal side lengths.
+    Square,
+    /// A quadrilateral with four right angles.
+    Rect,
+    /// An ellipse with coinciding foci.
+    Circle,
+    /// A curve around two focal points.
+    Ellipse,
 }
 
-impl Show for Packed<CircleElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(
-            self.clone(),
-            |elem, engine, locator, styles, regions| {
-                layout_shape(
-                    engine,
-                    locator,
-                    styles,
-                    regions,
-                    ShapeKind::Circle,
-                    elem.body(styles),
-                    elem.fill(styles),
-                    elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
-                    elem.inset(styles),
-                    elem.outset(styles),
-                    Corners::splat(None),
-                    elem.span(),
-                )
-            },
-        )
-        .with_width(self.width(styles))
-        .with_height(self.height(styles))
-        .pack()
-        .spanned(self.span()))
+impl ShapeKind {
+    /// Whether this shape kind is curvy.
+    fn is_round(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Circle | Self::Ellipse)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this shape kind has equal side length.
+    fn is_quadratic(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Square | Self::Circle)
     }
 }
 
 /// Layout a shape.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = span)]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn layout_shape(
     engine: &mut Engine,
@@ -491,23 +341,23 @@ fn layout_shape(
         // Take the inset, if any, into account.
         let mut pod = region;
         if has_inset {
-            pod.size = crate::layout::shrink(region.size, &inset);
+            pod.size = crate::pad::shrink(region.size, &inset);
         }
 
         // Layout the child.
-        frame = layout_frame(engine, child, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
+        frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, child, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
 
         // If the child is a square or circle, relayout with full expansion into
         // square region to make sure the result is really quadratic.
         if kind.is_quadratic() {
             let length = frame.size().max_by_side().min(pod.size.min_by_side());
             let quad_pod = Region::new(Size::splat(length), Axes::splat(true));
-            frame = layout_frame(engine, child, locator, styles, quad_pod)?;
+            frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, child, locator, styles, quad_pod)?;
         }
 
         // Apply the inset.
         if has_inset {
-            crate::layout::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
+            crate::pad::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
         }
     } else {
         // The default size that a shape takes on if it has no child and
@@ -535,10 +385,16 @@ fn layout_shape(
             let outset = outset.unwrap_or_default().relative_to(frame.size());
             let size = frame.size() + outset.sum_by_axis();
             let pos = Point::new(-outset.left, -outset.top);
-            let shape = ellipse(size, fill, stroke.left);
+            let shape = Shape {
+                geometry: Geometry::Path(Path::ellipse(size)),
+                fill,
+                stroke: stroke.left,
+                fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
+            };
             frame.prepend(pos, FrameItem::Shape(shape, span));
         } else {
-            frame.fill_and_stroke(
+            fill_and_stroke(
+                &mut frame,
                 fill,
                 &stroke,
                 &outset.unwrap_or_default(),
@@ -551,128 +407,8 @@ fn layout_shape(
     Ok(frame)
 }
 
-/// A category of shape.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum ShapeKind {
-    /// A rectangle with equal side lengths.
-    Square,
-    /// A quadrilateral with four right angles.
-    Rect,
-    /// An ellipse with coinciding foci.
-    Circle,
-    /// A curve around two focal points.
-    Ellipse,
-}
-
-impl ShapeKind {
-    /// Whether this shape kind is curvy.
-    fn is_round(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Circle | Self::Ellipse)
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this shape kind has equal side length.
-    fn is_quadratic(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Square | Self::Circle)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A geometric shape with optional fill and stroke.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct Shape {
-    /// The shape's geometry.
-    pub geometry: Geometry,
-    /// The shape's background fill.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-    /// The shape's fill rule.
-    pub fill_rule: FillRule,
-    /// The shape's border stroke.
-    pub stroke: Option<FixedStroke>,
-}
-
-/// A path filling rule.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
-pub enum FillRule {
-    /// Specifies that "inside" is computed by a non-zero sum of signed edge crossings.
-    #[default]
-    NonZero,
-    /// Specifies that "inside" is computed by an odd number of edge crossings.
-    EvenOdd,
-}
-
-/// A shape's geometry.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum Geometry {
-    /// A line to a point (relative to its position).
-    Line(Point),
-    /// A rectangle with its origin in the topleft corner.
-    Rect(Size),
-    /// A bezier path.
-    Path(Path),
-}
-
-impl Geometry {
-    /// Fill the geometry without a stroke.
-    pub fn filled(self, fill: Paint) -> Shape {
-        Shape {
-            geometry: self,
-            fill: Some(fill),
-            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
-            stroke: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Stroke the geometry without a fill.
-    pub fn stroked(self, stroke: FixedStroke) -> Shape {
-        Shape {
-            geometry: self,
-            fill: None,
-            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
-            stroke: Some(stroke),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// The bounding box of the geometry.
-    pub fn bbox_size(&self) -> Size {
-        match self {
-            Self::Line(line) => Size::new(line.x, line.y),
-            Self::Rect(s) => *s,
-            Self::Path(p) => p.bbox_size(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Produce a shape that approximates an axis-aligned ellipse.
-pub(crate) fn ellipse(
-    size: Size,
-    fill: Option<Paint>,
-    stroke: Option<FixedStroke>,
-) -> Shape {
-    // https://stackoverflow.com/a/2007782
-    let z = Abs::zero();
-    let rx = size.x / 2.0;
-    let ry = size.y / 2.0;
-    let m = 0.551784;
-    let mx = m * rx;
-    let my = m * ry;
-    let point = |x, y| Point::new(x + rx, y + ry);
-
-    let mut path = Path::new();
-    path.move_to(point(-rx, z));
-    path.cubic_to(point(-rx, -my), point(-mx, -ry), point(z, -ry));
-    path.cubic_to(point(mx, -ry), point(rx, -my), point(rx, z));
-    path.cubic_to(point(rx, my), point(mx, ry), point(z, ry));
-    path.cubic_to(point(-mx, ry), point(-rx, my), point(-rx, z));
-
-    Shape {
-        geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
-        stroke,
-        fill,
-        fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
-    }
-}
-
 /// Creates a new rectangle as a path.
-pub(crate) fn clip_rect(
+pub fn clip_rect(
     size: Size,
     radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
@@ -708,11 +444,30 @@ pub(crate) fn clip_rect(
     path
 }
 
+/// Add a fill and stroke with optional radius and outset to the frame.
+pub fn fill_and_stroke(
+    frame: &mut Frame,
+    fill: Option<Paint>,
+    stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
+    outset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+    radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
+    span: Span,
+) {
+    let outset = outset.relative_to(frame.size());
+    let size = frame.size() + outset.sum_by_axis();
+    let pos = Point::new(-outset.left, -outset.top);
+    frame.prepend_multiple(
+        styled_rect(size, radius, fill, stroke)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|x| (pos, FrameItem::Shape(x, span))),
+    );
+}
+
 /// Create a styled rectangle with shapes.
 /// - use rect primitive for simple rectangles
 /// - stroke sides if possible
 /// - use fill for sides for best looks
-pub(crate) fn styled_rect(
+pub fn styled_rect(
     size: Size,
     radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     fill: Option<Paint>,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/stack.rs
index 6f1aa534..a3ebc9f3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/stack.rs
@@ -1,99 +1,17 @@
-use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
-use typst_syntax::Span;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain, StyledElem,
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain, StyledElem};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Locator, SplitLocator};
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Axis, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fr, Fragment, Frame, HElem, Point,
+    Regions, Size, Spacing, StackChild, StackElem, VElem,
 };
-use crate::introspection::{Locator, SplitLocator};
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment, Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Axis, BlockElem, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fr,
-    Fragment, Frame, HElem, Point, Regions, Size, Spacing, VElem,
-};
-use crate::utils::{Get, Numeric};
-
-/// Arranges content and spacing horizontally or vertically.
-///
-/// The stack places a list of items along an axis, with optional spacing
-/// between each item.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// #stack(
-///   dir: ttb,
-///   rect(width: 40pt),
-///   rect(width: 120pt),
-///   rect(width: 90pt),
-/// )
-/// ```
-#[elem(Show)]
-pub struct StackElem {
-    /// The direction along which the items are stacked. Possible values are:
-    ///
-    /// - `{ltr}`: Left to right.
-    /// - `{rtl}`: Right to left.
-    /// - `{ttb}`: Top to bottom.
-    /// - `{btt}`: Bottom to top.
-    ///
-    /// You can use the `start` and `end` methods to obtain the initial and
-    /// final points (respectively) of a direction, as `alignment`. You can also
-    /// use the `axis` method to determine whether a direction is
-    /// `{"horizontal"}` or `{"vertical"}`. The `inv` method returns a
-    /// direction's inverse direction.
-    ///
-    /// For example, `{ttb.start()}` is `top`, `{ttb.end()}` is `bottom`,
-    /// `{ttb.axis()}` is `{"vertical"}` and `{ttb.inv()}` is equal to `btt`.
-    #[default(Dir::TTB)]
-    pub dir: Dir,
-
-    /// Spacing to insert between items where no explicit spacing was provided.
-    pub spacing: Option<Spacing>,
-
-    /// The children to stack along the axis.
-    #[variadic]
-    pub children: Vec<StackChild>,
-}
-
-impl Show for Packed<StackElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_stack)
-            .pack()
-            .spanned(self.span()))
-    }
-}
-
-/// A child of a stack element.
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum StackChild {
-    /// Spacing between other children.
-    Spacing(Spacing),
-    /// Arbitrary block-level content.
-    Block(Content),
-}
-
-impl Debug for StackChild {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        match self {
-            Self::Spacing(kind) => kind.fmt(f),
-            Self::Block(block) => block.fmt(f),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    StackChild,
-    self => match self {
-        Self::Spacing(spacing) => spacing.into_value(),
-        Self::Block(content) => content.into_value(),
-    },
-    v: Spacing => Self::Spacing(v),
-    v: Content => Self::Block(v),
-}
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{Get, Numeric};
 
 /// Layout the stack.
 #[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_stack(
+pub fn layout_stack(
     elem: &Packed<StackElem>,
     engine: &mut Engine,
     locator: Locator,
@@ -257,7 +175,7 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
         }
         .resolve(styles);
 
-        let fragment = layout_fragment(
+        let fragment = crate::layout_fragment(
             engine,
             block,
             self.locator.next(&block.span()),
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/transforms.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/transforms.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ac9f777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/transforms.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::Locator;
+use typst_library::layout::{
+    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, Frame, MoveElem, Point, Ratio, Region, Rel, RotateElem,
+    ScaleAmount, ScaleElem, Size, SkewElem, Transform,
+};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
+/// Layout the moved content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_move(
+    elem: &Packed<MoveElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let mut frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, region)?;
+    let delta = Axes::new(elem.dx(styles), elem.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
+    let delta = delta.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
+    frame.translate(delta.to_point());
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+/// Layout the rotated content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_rotate(
+    elem: &Packed<RotateElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let angle = elem.angle(styles);
+    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
+
+    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
+    let is_finite = region.size.is_finite();
+    let size = if is_finite {
+        compute_bounding_box(region.size, Transform::rotate(-angle)).1
+    } else {
+        Size::splat(Abs::inf())
+    };
+
+    measure_and_layout(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        region,
+        size,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        Transform::rotate(angle),
+        align,
+        elem.reflow(styles),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Layout the scaled content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_scale(
+    elem: &Packed<ScaleElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
+    let scale = resolve_scale(elem, engine, locator.relayout(), region.size, styles)?;
+    let size = region
+        .size
+        .zip_map(scale, |r, s| if r.is_finite() { Ratio::new(1.0 / s).of(r) } else { r })
+        .map(Abs::abs);
+
+    measure_and_layout(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        region,
+        size,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        Transform::scale(scale.x, scale.y),
+        elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles),
+        elem.reflow(styles),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Resolves scale parameters, preserving aspect ratio if one of the scales
+/// is set to `auto`.
+fn resolve_scale(
+    elem: &Packed<ScaleElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    container: Size,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<Axes<Ratio>> {
+    fn resolve_axis(
+        axis: Smart<ScaleAmount>,
+        body: impl Fn() -> SourceResult<Abs>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Smart<Ratio>> {
+        Ok(match axis {
+            Smart::Auto => Smart::Auto,
+            Smart::Custom(amt) => Smart::Custom(match amt {
+                ScaleAmount::Ratio(ratio) => ratio,
+                ScaleAmount::Length(length) => {
+                    let length = length.resolve(styles);
+                    Ratio::new(length / body()?)
+                }
+            }),
+        })
+    }
+
+    let size = Lazy::new(|| {
+        let pod = Region::new(container, Axes::splat(false));
+        let frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+        SourceResult::Ok(frame.size())
+    });
+
+    let x = resolve_axis(
+        elem.x(styles),
+        || size.as_ref().map(|size| size.x).map_err(Clone::clone),
+        styles,
+    )?;
+
+    let y = resolve_axis(
+        elem.y(styles),
+        || size.as_ref().map(|size| size.y).map_err(Clone::clone),
+        styles,
+    )?;
+
+    match (x, y) {
+        (Smart::Auto, Smart::Auto) => {
+            bail!(elem.span(), "x and y cannot both be auto")
+        }
+        (Smart::Custom(x), Smart::Custom(y)) => Ok(Axes::new(x, y)),
+        (Smart::Auto, Smart::Custom(v)) | (Smart::Custom(v), Smart::Auto) => {
+            Ok(Axes::splat(v))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Layout the skewed content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+pub fn layout_skew(
+    elem: &Packed<SkewElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let ax = elem.ax(styles);
+    let ay = elem.ay(styles);
+    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
+
+    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
+    let size = if region.size.is_finite() {
+        compute_bounding_box(region.size, Transform::skew(ax, ay)).1
+    } else {
+        Size::splat(Abs::inf())
+    };
+
+    measure_and_layout(
+        engine,
+        locator,
+        region,
+        size,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        Transform::skew(ax, ay),
+        align,
+        elem.reflow(styles),
+    )
+}
+
+/// Applies a transformation to a frame, reflowing the layout if necessary.
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn measure_and_layout(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: Locator,
+    region: Region,
+    size: Size,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    body: &Content,
+    transform: Transform,
+    align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
+    reflow: bool,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    if reflow {
+        // Measure the size of the body.
+        let pod = Region::new(size, Axes::splat(false));
+        let frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
+
+        // Actually perform the layout.
+        let pod = Region::new(frame.size(), Axes::splat(true));
+        let mut frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+        let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
+
+        // Compute the transform.
+        let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
+            .pre_concat(transform)
+            .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
+
+        // Compute the bounding box and offset and wrap in a new frame.
+        let (offset, size) = compute_bounding_box(frame.size(), ts);
+        frame.transform(ts);
+        frame.translate(offset);
+        frame.set_size(size);
+        Ok(frame)
+    } else {
+        // Layout the body.
+        let mut frame = crate::layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, region)?;
+        let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
+
+        // Compute the transform.
+        let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
+            .pre_concat(transform)
+            .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
+
+        // Apply the transform.
+        frame.transform(ts);
+        Ok(frame)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Computes the bounding box and offset of a transformed area.
+fn compute_bounding_box(size: Size, ts: Transform) -> (Point, Size) {
+    let top_left = Point::zero().transform_inf(ts);
+    let top_right = Point::with_x(size.x).transform_inf(ts);
+    let bottom_left = Point::with_y(size.y).transform_inf(ts);
+    let bottom_right = size.to_point().transform_inf(ts);
+
+    // We first compute the new bounding box of the rotated area.
+    let min_x = top_left.x.min(top_right.x).min(bottom_left.x).min(bottom_right.x);
+    let min_y = top_left.y.min(top_right.y).min(bottom_left.y).min(bottom_right.y);
+    let max_x = top_left.x.max(top_right.x).max(bottom_left.x).max(bottom_right.x);
+    let max_y = top_left.y.max(top_right.y).max(bottom_left.y).max(bottom_right.y);
+
+    // Then we compute the new size of the area.
+    let width = max_x - min_x;
+    let height = max_y - min_y;
+
+    (Point::new(-min_x, -min_y), Size::new(width.abs(), height.abs()))
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-library/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..de28f001
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+[package]
+name = "typst-library"
+description = "Typst's standard library."
+version = { workspace = true }
+rust-version = { workspace = true }
+authors = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+categories = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+readme = { workspace = true }
+
+[dependencies]
+typst-assets = { workspace = true }
+typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
+typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+az = { workspace = true }
+bitflags = { workspace = true }
+bumpalo = { workspace = true }
+chinese-number = { workspace = true }
+ciborium = { workspace = true }
+comemo = { workspace = true }
+csv = { workspace = true }
+ecow = { workspace = true }
+flate2 = { workspace = true }
+fontdb = { workspace = true }
+hayagriva = { workspace = true }
+icu_properties = { workspace = true }
+icu_provider = { workspace = true }
+icu_provider_blob = { workspace = true }
+image = { workspace = true }
+indexmap = { workspace = true }
+kamadak-exif = { workspace = true }
+kurbo = { workspace = true }
+lipsum = { workspace = true }
+once_cell = { workspace = true }
+palette = { workspace = true }
+phf = { workspace = true }
+png = { workspace = true }
+qcms = { workspace = true }
+rayon = { workspace = true }
+regex = { workspace = true }
+roxmltree = { workspace = true }
+rust_decimal = { workspace = true }
+rustybuzz = { workspace = true }
+serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true }
+serde_yaml = { workspace = true }
+siphasher = { workspace = true }
+smallvec = { workspace = true }
+syntect = { workspace = true }
+time = { workspace = true }
+toml = { workspace = true }
+ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
+two-face = { workspace = true }
+typed-arena = { workspace = true }
+unicode-math-class = { workspace = true }
+unicode-segmentation = { workspace = true }
+unscanny = { workspace = true }
+usvg = { workspace = true }
+wasmi = { workspace = true }
+xmlwriter = { workspace = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+typst-dev-assets = { workspace = true }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/diag.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/diag.rs
index ad3f3e4a..bd4c90a1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/diag.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/diag.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use std::string::FromUtf8Error;
 
 use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoVec};
+use typst_syntax::package::{PackageSpec, PackageVersion};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxError};
 
-use crate::syntax::package::{PackageSpec, PackageVersion};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned, SyntaxError};
 use crate::{World, WorldExt};
 
 /// Early-return with a [`StrResult`] or [`SourceResult`].
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/engine.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/engine.rs
index c3a862f8..e532172e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/engine.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/engine.rs
@@ -6,15 +6,19 @@ use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut, Validate};
 use ecow::EcoVec;
 use rayon::iter::{IndexedParallelIterator, IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
+use typst_syntax::{FileId, Span};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{Styles, Value};
 use crate::introspection::Introspector;
-use crate::syntax::{FileId, Span};
+use crate::routines::Routines;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Holds all data needed during compilation.
 pub struct Engine<'a> {
+    /// Defines implementation of various Typst compiler routines as a table of
+    /// function pointers.
+    pub routines: &'a Routines,
     /// The compilation environment.
     pub world: Tracked<'a, dyn World + 'a>,
     /// Provides access to information about the document.
@@ -51,7 +55,9 @@ impl Engine<'_> {
         U: Send,
         F: Fn(&mut Engine, T) -> U + Send + Sync,
     {
-        let Engine { world, introspector, traced, ref route, .. } = *self;
+        let Engine {
+            world, introspector, traced, ref route, routines, ..
+        } = *self;
 
         // We collect into a vector and then call `into_par_iter` instead of
         // using `par_bridge` because it does not retain the ordering.
@@ -68,6 +74,7 @@ impl Engine<'_> {
                     traced,
                     sink: sink.track_mut(),
                     route: route.clone(),
+                    routines,
                 };
                 (f(&mut engine, value), sink)
             })
@@ -173,7 +180,7 @@ impl Sink {
     /// Add a warning.
     pub fn warn(&mut self, warning: SourceDiagnostic) {
         // Check if warning is a duplicate.
-        let hash = crate::utils::hash128(&(&warning.span, &warning.message));
+        let hash = typst_utils::hash128(&(&warning.span, &warning.message));
         if self.warnings_set.insert(hash) {
             self.warnings.push(warning);
         }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/args.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/args.rs
index db443648..ee282a87 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/args.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/args.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, error, At, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Array, Dict, FromValue, IntoValue, Repr, Str, Value,
 };
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 /// Captured arguments to a function.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/array.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/array.rs
index 77d8829d..9c8aecac 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/array.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/array.rs
@@ -7,15 +7,14 @@ use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString, EcoVec};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedStrResult, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::eval::ops;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Args, Bytes, CastInfo, Context, Dict, FromValue, Func,
-    IntoValue, Reflect, Repr, Str, Value, Version,
+    cast, func, ops, repr, scope, ty, Args, Bytes, CastInfo, Context, Dict, FromValue,
+    Func, IntoValue, Reflect, Repr, Str, Value, Version,
 };
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 /// Create a new [`Array`] from values.
 #[macro_export]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/auto.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/auto.rs
index cb9d999e..8237b450 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/auto.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/auto.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-use ecow::EcoString;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
+use ecow::EcoString;
+
 use crate::diag::HintedStrResult;
 use crate::foundations::{
     ty, CastInfo, Fold, FromValue, IntoValue, Reflect, Repr, Resolve, StyleChain, Type,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/bool.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/bool.rs
index e88c8c6f..e88c8c6f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/bool.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/bool.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/bytes.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/bytes.rs
index 5b77aa2a..05fe4763 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/bytes.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/bytes.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{cast, func, scope, ty, Array, Reflect, Repr, Str, Value};
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
 
 /// A sequence of bytes.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/calc.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/calc.rs
index a4dbab88..f12ca74c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/calc.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/calc.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@ use std::cmp;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use az::SaturatingAs;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_utils::{round_int_with_precision, round_with_precision};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedString, SourceResult, StrResult};
-use crate::eval::ops;
-use crate::foundations::{cast, func, Decimal, IntoValue, Module, Scope, Value};
+use crate::foundations::{cast, func, ops, Decimal, IntoValue, Module, Scope, Value};
 use crate::layout::{Angle, Fr, Length, Ratio};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::utils::{round_int_with_precision, round_with_precision};
 
 /// A module with calculation definitions.
 pub fn module() -> Module {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/cast.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/cast.rs
index 2dc69236..84f38f36 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/cast.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/cast.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::{cast, Cast};
+
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt::Write;
 use std::hash::Hash;
@@ -5,15 +9,11 @@ use std::ops::Add;
 
 use ecow::eco_format;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{array, repr, NativeElement, Packed, Repr, Str, Type, Value};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::{cast, Cast};
 
 /// Determine details of a type.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/content.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/content.rs
index 0103ff9b..a274b8bf 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/content.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/content.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{fat, singleton, LazyHash, SmallBitSet};
 
 use crate::diag::{SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -21,9 +23,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 use crate::introspection::Location;
 use crate::layout::{AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, Length, MoveElem, PadElem, Rel, Sides};
 use crate::model::{Destination, EmphElem, LinkElem, StrongElem};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::UnderlineElem;
-use crate::utils::{fat, singleton, LazyHash, SmallBitSet};
 
 /// A piece of document content.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/context.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/context.rs
index bf4bdcd2..bf4bdcd2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/context.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/context.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/datetime.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/datetime.rs
index d15cd417..d15cd417 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/datetime.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/datetime.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/decimal.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/decimal.rs
index 809b298a..cf11e1dd 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/decimal.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/decimal.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use rust_decimal::MathematicalOps;
+use typst_syntax::{ast, Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
-use crate::foundations::{cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Engine, Repr, Str};
-use crate::syntax::{ast, Span, Spanned};
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Repr, Str};
 use crate::World;
 
 /// A fixed-point decimal number type.
@@ -447,8 +448,9 @@ cast! {
 mod tests {
     use std::str::FromStr;
 
+    use typst_utils::hash128;
+
     use super::Decimal;
-    use crate::utils::hash128;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_decimals_with_equal_scales_hash_identically() {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/dict.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/dict.rs
index 6e61838e..e4ab54e7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/dict.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/dict.rs
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+use typst_syntax::is_ident;
+use typst_utils::ArcExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{Hint, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     array, cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Array, Module, Repr, Str, Value,
 };
-use crate::syntax::is_ident;
-use crate::utils::ArcExt;
 
 /// Create a new [`Dict`] from key-value pairs.
 #[macro_export]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/duration.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/duration.rs
index 94d44fb2..94d44fb2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/duration.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/duration.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/element.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/element.rs
index e578d209..8da71965 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/element.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/element.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ use std::ptr::NonNull;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::elem;
+use typst_utils::Static;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -15,10 +18,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     StyleChain, Styles, Value,
 };
 use crate::text::{Lang, Region};
-use crate::utils::Static;
-
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::elem;
 
 /// A document element.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/fields.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/fields.rs
index 422f30b8..422f30b8 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/fields.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/fields.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/float.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/float.rs
index 752b01d6..bb3232ee 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/float.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/float.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use std::num::ParseFloatError;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 
-use crate::diag::StrResult;
+use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
-    bail, cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Bytes, Decimal, Endianness, Repr, Str,
+    cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Bytes, Decimal, Endianness, Repr, Str,
 };
 use crate::layout::Ratio;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/func.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/func.rs
index 7ba7496f..1b40714b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/func.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/func.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::func;
+
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use typst_syntax::{ast, Span, SyntaxNode};
+use typst_utils::{singleton, LazyHash, Static};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -11,11 +16,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     cast, repr, scope, ty, Args, CastInfo, Content, Context, Element, IntoArgs, Scope,
     Selector, Type, Value,
 };
-use crate::syntax::{ast, Span, SyntaxNode};
-use crate::utils::{singleton, LazyHash, Static};
-
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::func;
 
 /// A mapping from argument values to a return value.
 ///
@@ -296,9 +296,10 @@ impl Func {
                 args.finish()?;
                 Ok(Value::Content(value))
             }
-            Repr::Closure(closure) => crate::eval::call_closure(
+            Repr::Closure(closure) => (engine.routines.eval_closure)(
                 self,
                 closure,
+                engine.routines,
                 engine.world,
                 engine.introspector,
                 engine.traced,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/int.rs
index 2832be91..e936353c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/int.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use std::num::{NonZeroI64, NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize, ParseIntError
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 
-use crate::diag::StrResult;
+use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
-    bail, cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Bytes, Cast, Decimal, Repr, Str, Value,
+    cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Bytes, Cast, Decimal, Repr, Str, Value,
 };
 
 /// A whole number.
@@ -402,13 +402,16 @@ macro_rules! unsigned_int {
     ($($ty:ty)*) => {
         $(cast! {
             $ty,
-            self => if let Ok(int) = i64::try_from(self) {
-                Value::Int(int)
-            } else {
-                // Some u64 are too large to be cast as i64
-                // In that case, we accept that there may be a
-                // precision loss, and use a floating point number
-                Value::Float(self as _)
+            self => {
+                #[allow(irrefutable_let_patterns)]
+                if let Ok(int) = i64::try_from(self) {
+                    Value::Int(int)
+                } else {
+                    // Some u64 are too large to be cast as i64
+                    // In that case, we accept that there may be a
+                    // precision loss, and use a floating point number
+                    Value::Float(self as _)
+                }
             },
             v: i64 => v.try_into().map_err(|_| {
                 if v < 0 {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/label.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/label.rs
index 6b8f6798..726958df 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/label.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/label.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_utils::PicoStr;
 
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, ty, Repr};
-use crate::utils::PicoStr;
 
 /// A label for an element.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/mod.rs
index dc939932..a6d6c253 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/mod.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 //! Foundational types and functions.
 
 pub mod calc;
+pub mod ops;
 pub mod repr;
 pub mod sys;
 
-pub use typst_macros::{scope, ty};
-
 mod args;
 mod array;
 mod auto;
@@ -24,7 +23,6 @@ mod float;
 mod func;
 mod int;
 mod label;
-mod methods;
 mod module;
 mod none;
 mod plugin;
@@ -32,6 +30,7 @@ mod scope;
 mod selector;
 mod str;
 mod styles;
+mod symbol;
 mod ty;
 mod value;
 mod version;
@@ -53,7 +52,6 @@ pub use self::float::*;
 pub use self::func::*;
 pub use self::int::*;
 pub use self::label::*;
-pub(crate) use self::methods::*;
 pub use self::module::*;
 pub use self::none::*;
 pub use self::plugin::*;
@@ -62,9 +60,11 @@ pub use self::scope::*;
 pub use self::selector::*;
 pub use self::str::*;
 pub use self::styles::*;
+pub use self::symbol::*;
 pub use self::ty::*;
 pub use self::value::*;
 pub use self::version::*;
+pub use typst_macros::{scope, ty};
 
 #[rustfmt::skip]
 #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ pub use {
 };
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::eval::EvalMode;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
+use crate::routines::EvalMode;
 
 /// Foundational types and functions.
 ///
@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ pub(super) fn define(global: &mut Scope, inputs: Dict) {
     global.define_type::<Selector>();
     global.define_type::<Datetime>();
     global.define_type::<Decimal>();
+    global.define_type::<Symbol>();
     global.define_type::<Duration>();
     global.define_type::<Version>();
     global.define_type::<Plugin>();
@@ -297,5 +298,5 @@ pub fn eval(
     for (key, value) in dict {
         scope.define_spanned(key, value, span);
     }
-    crate::eval::eval_string(engine.world, &text, span, mode, scope)
+    (engine.routines.eval_string)(engine.routines, engine.world, &text, span, mode, scope)
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/module.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/module.rs
index 91b50855..a476d6af 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/module.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/module.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::FileId;
 
 use crate::diag::StrResult;
 use crate::foundations::{repr, ty, Content, Scope, Value};
-use crate::syntax::FileId;
 
 /// An evaluated module, either built-in or resulting from a file.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/none.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/none.rs
index d376c0c5..d376c0c5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/none.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/none.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/eval/ops.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/ops.rs
index 52032ae9..ba36137f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/eval/ops.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/ops.rs
@@ -3,102 +3,14 @@
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 
 use ecow::eco_format;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedStrResult, SourceResult, StrResult};
-use crate::eval::{access_dict, Access, Eval, Vm};
+use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{format_str, Datetime, IntoValue, Regex, Repr, Value};
 use crate::layout::{Alignment, Length, Rel};
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 use crate::visualize::Stroke;
 
-impl Eval for ast::Unary<'_> {
-    type Output = Value;
-
-    fn eval(self, vm: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
-        let value = self.expr().eval(vm)?;
-        let result = match self.op() {
-            ast::UnOp::Pos => pos(value),
-            ast::UnOp::Neg => neg(value),
-            ast::UnOp::Not => not(value),
-        };
-        result.at(self.span())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Eval for ast::Binary<'_> {
-    type Output = Value;
-
-    fn eval(self, vm: &mut Vm) -> SourceResult<Self::Output> {
-        match self.op() {
-            ast::BinOp::Add => apply_binary(self, vm, add),
-            ast::BinOp::Sub => apply_binary(self, vm, sub),
-            ast::BinOp::Mul => apply_binary(self, vm, mul),
-            ast::BinOp::Div => apply_binary(self, vm, div),
-            ast::BinOp::And => apply_binary(self, vm, and),
-            ast::BinOp::Or => apply_binary(self, vm, or),
-            ast::BinOp::Eq => apply_binary(self, vm, eq),
-            ast::BinOp::Neq => apply_binary(self, vm, neq),
-            ast::BinOp::Lt => apply_binary(self, vm, lt),
-            ast::BinOp::Leq => apply_binary(self, vm, leq),
-            ast::BinOp::Gt => apply_binary(self, vm, gt),
-            ast::BinOp::Geq => apply_binary(self, vm, geq),
-            ast::BinOp::In => apply_binary(self, vm, in_),
-            ast::BinOp::NotIn => apply_binary(self, vm, not_in),
-            ast::BinOp::Assign => apply_assignment(self, vm, |_, b| Ok(b)),
-            ast::BinOp::AddAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, add),
-            ast::BinOp::SubAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, sub),
-            ast::BinOp::MulAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, mul),
-            ast::BinOp::DivAssign => apply_assignment(self, vm, div),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Apply a basic binary operation.
-fn apply_binary(
-    binary: ast::Binary,
-    vm: &mut Vm,
-    op: fn(Value, Value) -> HintedStrResult<Value>,
-) -> SourceResult<Value> {
-    let lhs = binary.lhs().eval(vm)?;
-
-    // Short-circuit boolean operations.
-    if (binary.op() == ast::BinOp::And && lhs == false.into_value())
-        || (binary.op() == ast::BinOp::Or && lhs == true.into_value())
-    {
-        return Ok(lhs);
-    }
-
-    let rhs = binary.rhs().eval(vm)?;
-    op(lhs, rhs).at(binary.span())
-}
-
-/// Apply an assignment operation.
-fn apply_assignment(
-    binary: ast::Binary,
-    vm: &mut Vm,
-    op: fn(Value, Value) -> HintedStrResult<Value>,
-) -> SourceResult<Value> {
-    let rhs = binary.rhs().eval(vm)?;
-    let lhs = binary.lhs();
-
-    // An assignment to a dictionary field is different from a normal access
-    // since it can create the field instead of just modifying it.
-    if binary.op() == ast::BinOp::Assign {
-        if let ast::Expr::FieldAccess(access) = lhs {
-            let dict = access_dict(vm, access)?;
-            dict.insert(access.field().get().clone().into(), rhs);
-            return Ok(Value::None);
-        }
-    }
-
-    let location = binary.lhs().access(vm)?;
-    let lhs = std::mem::take(&mut *location);
-    *location = op(lhs, rhs).at(binary.span())?;
-    Ok(Value::None)
-}
-
 /// Bail with a type mismatch error.
 macro_rules! mismatch {
     ($fmt:expr, $($value:expr),* $(,)?) => {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/plugin.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/plugin.rs
index 4dc03014..31107dc3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/plugin.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/plugin.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 use wasmi::{AsContext, AsContextMut};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, repr, scope, ty, Bytes};
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// A WebAssembly plugin.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/repr.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/repr.rs
index 14510968..e219b0f1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/repr.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/repr.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! Debug representation of values.
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_utils::round_with_precision;
 
 use crate::foundations::{func, Str, Value};
-use crate::utils::round_with_precision;
 
 /// The Unicode minus sign.
 pub const MINUS_SIGN: &str = "\u{2212}";
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/scope.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/scope.rs
index c5c65485..b51f8caa 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/scope.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/scope.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::category;
+
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use indexmap::IndexMap;
+use typst_syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Static;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, HintedString, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     Element, Func, IntoValue, Module, NativeElement, NativeFunc, NativeFuncData,
     NativeType, Type, Value,
 };
-use crate::syntax::ast::{self, AstNode};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::Static;
 use crate::Library;
 
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::category;
-
 /// A stack of scopes.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
 pub struct Scopes<'a> {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/selector.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/selector.rs
index 575baa13..bf5449d9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/selector.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/selector.rs
@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, func, repr, scope, ty, CastInfo, Content, Context, Dict, Element, FromValue,
-    Func, Label, Reflect, Regex, Repr, Str, StyleChain, Type, Value,
+    Func, Label, Reflect, Regex, Repr, Str, StyleChain, Symbol, Type, Value,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locatable, Location, Unqueriable};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
 
 /// A helper macro to create a field selector used in [`Selector::Elem`]
 #[macro_export]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/str.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/str.rs
index d90b6f20..fc221c49 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/str.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/str.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Deref, Range};
 use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_utils::PicoStr;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
@@ -15,8 +17,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     IntoValue, Label, Repr, Type, Value, Version,
 };
 use crate::layout::Alignment;
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::utils::PicoStr;
 
 /// Create a new [`Str`] from a format string.
 #[macro_export]
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@ macro_rules! __format_str {
     }};
 }
 
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use crate::__format_str as format_str;
-
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use ecow::eco_format;
 
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use crate::__format_str as format_str;
+
 /// A sequence of Unicode codepoints.
 ///
 /// You can iterate over the grapheme clusters of the string using a [for
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/styles.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/styles.rs
index a3c8e0c4..af4909e5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/styles.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/styles.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use std::{mem, ptr};
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked};
 use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
 
 use crate::diag::{warning, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -14,9 +16,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Selector, Show,
 };
 use crate::introspection::Locatable;
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::{FontFamily, FontList, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
 
 /// Provides access to active styles.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/symbols/symbol.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/symbol.rs
index 0be4adc4..86676fa2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/symbols/symbol.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/symbol.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::symbols;
+
 use std::cmp::Reverse;
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter, Write};
@@ -5,13 +8,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{cast, func, scope, ty, Array, Func};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::symbols;
 
 /// A Unicode symbol.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/sys.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/sys.rs
index 7c128104..7c128104 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/sys.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/sys.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/ty.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/ty.rs
index 3bcde61f..70845dd2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/ty.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/ty.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use typst_macros::{scope, ty};
+
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
+use typst_utils::Static;
 
 use crate::diag::StrResult;
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, func, AutoValue, Func, NativeFuncData, NoneValue, Repr, Scope, Value,
 };
-use crate::utils::Static;
-
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-#[doc(inline)]
-pub use typst_macros::{scope, ty};
 
 /// Describes a kind of value.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/value.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/value.rs
index cabe5647..fbfa5a0e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/value.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/value.rs
@@ -8,20 +8,18 @@ use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use serde::de::value::{MapAccessDeserializer, SeqAccessDeserializer};
 use serde::de::{Error, MapAccess, SeqAccess, Visitor};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
+use typst_syntax::{ast, Span};
+use typst_utils::ArcExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{HintedStrResult, HintedString, StrResult};
-use crate::eval::ops;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    fields, repr, Args, Array, AutoValue, Bytes, CastInfo, Content, Datetime, Decimal,
-    Dict, Duration, Fold, FromValue, Func, IntoValue, Label, Module, NativeElement,
-    NativeType, NoneValue, Plugin, Reflect, Repr, Resolve, Scope, Str, Styles, Type,
-    Version,
+    fields, ops, repr, Args, Array, AutoValue, Bytes, CastInfo, Content, Datetime,
+    Decimal, Dict, Duration, Fold, FromValue, Func, IntoValue, Label, Module,
+    NativeElement, NativeType, NoneValue, Plugin, Reflect, Repr, Resolve, Scope, Str,
+    Styles, Symbol, Type, Version,
 };
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Angle, Em, Fr, Length, Ratio, Rel};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::syntax::{ast, Span};
 use crate::text::{RawContent, RawElem, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::ArcExt;
 use crate::visualize::{Color, Gradient, Pattern};
 
 /// A computational value.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/version.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/version.rs
index 62c02917..62c02917 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/version.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/foundations/version.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/counter.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/counter.rs
index 38da6363..2e7180c6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/counter.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/counter.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ use std::str::FromStr;
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, warning, At, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
@@ -16,8 +18,7 @@ use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locatable, Location, Tag};
 use crate::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, PageElem};
 use crate::math::EquationElem;
 use crate::model::{FigureElem, FootnoteElem, HeadingElem, Numbering, NumberingPattern};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
+use crate::routines::Routines;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Counts through pages, elements, and more.
@@ -278,6 +279,7 @@ impl Counter {
         engine: &mut Engine,
     ) -> SourceResult<EcoVec<(CounterState, NonZeroUsize)>> {
         self.sequence_impl(
+            engine.routines,
             engine.world,
             engine.introspector,
             engine.traced,
@@ -290,6 +292,7 @@ impl Counter {
     #[comemo::memoize]
     fn sequence_impl(
         &self,
+        routines: &Routines,
         world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
         introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
         traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -297,6 +300,7 @@ impl Counter {
         route: Tracked<Route>,
     ) -> SourceResult<EcoVec<(CounterState, NonZeroUsize)>> {
         let mut engine = Engine {
+            routines,
             world,
             introspector,
             traced,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/here.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/here.rs
index 9d613381..9d613381 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/here.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/here.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/introspector.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs
index 113f9afe..f4eaea30 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/introspector.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ use std::sync::RwLock;
 
 use ecow::EcoVec;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{Content, Label, Repr, Selector};
 use crate::introspection::{Location, Tag};
 use crate::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, Page, Point, Position, Transform};
 use crate::model::Numbering;
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 /// Can be queried for elements and their positions.
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl Introspector {
 impl Introspector {
     /// Query for all matching elements.
     pub fn query(&self, selector: &Selector) -> EcoVec<Content> {
-        let hash = crate::utils::hash128(selector);
+        let hash = typst_utils::hash128(selector);
         if let Some(output) = self.queries.get(hash) {
             return output;
         }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/locate.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/locate.rs
index 8991ae9b..9a0e28e2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/locate.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/locate.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::{warning, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -7,7 +8,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Show, StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Locatable, Location};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 
 /// Determines the location of an element in the document.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/location.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/location.rs
index 5c520d25..8f4caaec 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/location.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/location.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ impl Location {
     /// example, in bibliography management to create individual linkable
     /// locations for reference entries from the bibliography's location.
     pub fn variant(self, n: usize) -> Self {
-        Self(crate::utils::hash128(&(self.0, n)))
+        Self(typst_utils::hash128(&(self.0, n)))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/locator.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/locator.rs
index 3e9e5c89..4045aa9c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/locator.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/locator.rs
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ impl<'a> Locator<'a> {
             None => Resolved::Hash(self.local),
             Some(outer) => match outer.resolve() {
                 Resolved::Hash(outer) => {
-                    Resolved::Hash(crate::utils::hash128(&(self.local, outer)))
+                    Resolved::Hash(typst_utils::hash128(&(self.local, outer)))
                 }
                 Resolved::Measure(anchor) => Resolved::Measure(anchor),
             },
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl<'a> SplitLocator<'a> {
     /// A common choice for a key is the span of the content that will be
     /// layouted with this locator.
     pub fn next<K: Hash>(&mut self, key: &K) -> Locator<'a> {
-        self.next_inner(crate::utils::hash128(key))
+        self.next_inner(typst_utils::hash128(key))
     }
 
     /// Produces a sublocator for a subtree.
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ impl<'a> SplitLocator<'a> {
         // Combine the key, disambiguator and local hash into a sub-local hash.
         // The outer information is not yet merged into this, it is added
         // on-demand in `Locator::resolve`.
-        let local = crate::utils::hash128(&(key, disambiguator, self.local));
+        let local = typst_utils::hash128(&(key, disambiguator, self.local));
 
         Locator { outer: self.outer, local }
     }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/metadata.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/metadata.rs
index 06000174..06000174 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/metadata.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/metadata.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/mod.rs
index b1ff2e08..b1ff2e08 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/mod.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/query.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/query.rs
index 07f761a8..7b106bf0 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/query.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/query.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use comemo::Tracked;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::{warning, HintedStrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, Array, Context, LocatableSelector, Value};
 use crate::introspection::Location;
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 
 /// Finds elements in the document.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/state.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/state.rs
index 6a3d68e2..13c96b50 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/state.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/state.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, warning, At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Value,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locatable, Location};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
+use crate::routines::Routines;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Manages stateful parts of your document.
@@ -211,6 +212,7 @@ impl State {
     /// of state updates from quadratic to linear.
     fn sequence(&self, engine: &mut Engine) -> SourceResult<EcoVec<Value>> {
         self.sequence_impl(
+            engine.routines,
             engine.world,
             engine.introspector,
             engine.traced,
@@ -223,6 +225,7 @@ impl State {
     #[comemo::memoize]
     fn sequence_impl(
         &self,
+        routines: &Routines,
         world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
         introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
         traced: Tracked<Traced>,
@@ -230,6 +233,7 @@ impl State {
         route: Tracked<Route>,
     ) -> SourceResult<EcoVec<Value>> {
         let mut engine = Engine {
+            routines,
             world,
             introspector,
             traced,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/tag.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/tag.rs
index b2bae28e..b2bae28e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/tag.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/tag.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/abs.rs
index 981a64ff..e19b037a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/abs.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ use std::iter::Sum;
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg, Rem};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::foundations::{cast, repr, Fold, Repr, Value};
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 /// An absolute length.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/align.rs
index e8ba4d7c..e8ba4d7c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/align.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/angle.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/angle.rs
index 63e30186..d1410786 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/angle.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/angle.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use std::iter::Sum;
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::foundations::{func, repr, scope, ty, Repr};
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 /// An angle describing a rotation.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/axes.rs
index a96fa850..7a73ba79 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/axes.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ use std::any::Any;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitAndAssign, BitOr, BitOrAssign, Deref, Not};
 
+use typst_utils::Get;
+
 use crate::diag::bail;
 use crate::foundations::{array, cast, Array, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Length, Ratio, Rel, Size};
-use crate::utils::Get;
 
 /// A container with a horizontal and vertical component.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/columns.rs
index 7678e03f..f2f36441 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/columns.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment_with_columns, BlockElem, Fragment, Length, Ratio, Regions, Rel,
-};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Length, Ratio, Rel};
 
 /// Separates a region into multiple equally sized columns.
 ///
@@ -62,33 +59,13 @@ pub struct ColumnsElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<ColumnsElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_columns)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_columns)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the columns.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_columns(
-    elem: &Packed<ColumnsElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    layout_fragment_with_columns(
-        engine,
-        &elem.body,
-        locator,
-        styles,
-        regions,
-        elem.count(styles),
-        elem.gutter(styles),
-    )
-}
-
 /// Forces a column break.
 ///
 /// The function will behave like a [page break]($pagebreak) when used in a
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/layout/container.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/container.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..266d1d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/container.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{
+    cast, elem, Args, AutoValue, Construct, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Smart,
+    StyleChain, Value,
+};
+use crate::introspection::Locator;
+use crate::layout::{
+    Abs, Corners, Em, Fr, Fragment, Frame, Length, Region, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
+    Spacing,
+};
+use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
+
+/// An inline-level container that sizes content.
+///
+/// All elements except inline math, text, and boxes are block-level and cannot
+/// occur inside of a paragraph. The box function can be used to integrate such
+/// elements into a paragraph. Boxes take the size of their contents by default
+/// but can also be sized explicitly.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// Refer to the docs
+/// #box(
+///   height: 9pt,
+///   image("docs.svg")
+/// )
+/// for more information.
+/// ```
+#[elem]
+pub struct BoxElem {
+    /// The width of the box.
+    ///
+    /// Boxes can have [fractional]($fraction) widths, as the example below
+    /// demonstrates.
+    ///
+    /// _Note:_ Currently, only boxes and only their widths might be fractionally
+    /// sized within paragraphs. Support for fractionally sized images, shapes,
+    /// and more might be added in the future.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// Line in #box(width: 1fr, line(length: 100%)) between.
+    /// ```
+    pub width: Sizing,
+
+    /// The height of the box.
+    pub height: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// An amount to shift the box's baseline by.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// Image: #box(baseline: 40%, image("tiger.jpg", width: 2cm)).
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    pub baseline: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// The box's background color. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill) for more details.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// The box's border color. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>,
+
+    /// How much to round the box's corners. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the box's content.
+    ///
+    /// _Note:_ When the box contains text, its exact size depends on the
+    /// current [text edges]($text.top-edge).
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #rect(inset: 0pt)[Tight]
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the box's size without affecting the layout.
+    ///
+    /// This is useful to prevent padding from affecting line layout. For a
+    /// generalized version of the example below, see the documentation for the
+    /// [raw text's block parameter]($raw.block).
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// An inline
+    /// #box(
+    ///   fill: luma(235),
+    ///   inset: (x: 3pt, y: 0pt),
+    ///   outset: (y: 3pt),
+    ///   radius: 2pt,
+    /// )[rectangle].
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// Whether to clip the content inside the box.
+    ///
+    /// Clipping is useful when the box's content is larger than the box itself,
+    /// as any content that exceeds the box's bounds will be hidden.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #box(
+    ///   width: 50pt,
+    ///   height: 50pt,
+    ///   clip: true,
+    ///   image("tiger.jpg", width: 100pt, height: 100pt)
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub clip: bool,
+
+    /// The contents of the box.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// An inline-level container that can produce arbitrary items that can break
+/// across lines.
+#[elem(Construct)]
+pub struct InlineElem {
+    /// A callback that is invoked with the regions to produce arbitrary
+    /// inline items.
+    #[required]
+    #[internal]
+    body: callbacks::InlineCallback,
+}
+
+impl Construct for InlineElem {
+    fn construct(_: &mut Engine, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        bail!(args.span, "cannot be constructed manually");
+    }
+}
+
+impl InlineElem {
+    /// Create an inline-level item with a custom layouter.
+    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    pub fn layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        callback: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Size,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(callbacks::InlineCallback::new(captured, callback))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Packed<InlineElem> {
+    /// Layout the element.
+    pub fn layout(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Size,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
+        self.body().call(engine, locator, styles, region)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Layouted items suitable for placing in a paragraph.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum InlineItem {
+    /// Absolute spacing between other items, and whether it is weak.
+    Space(Abs, bool),
+    /// Layouted inline-level content.
+    Frame(Frame),
+}
+
+/// A block-level container.
+///
+/// Such a container can be used to separate content, size it, and give it a
+/// background or border.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// With a block, you can give a background to content while still allowing it
+/// to break across multiple pages.
+/// ```example
+/// #set page(height: 100pt)
+/// #block(
+///   fill: luma(230),
+///   inset: 8pt,
+///   radius: 4pt,
+///   lorem(30),
+/// )
+/// ```
+///
+/// Blocks are also useful to force elements that would otherwise be inline to
+/// become block-level, especially when writing show rules.
+/// ```example
+/// #show heading: it => it.body
+/// = Blockless
+/// More text.
+///
+/// #show heading: it => block(it.body)
+/// = Blocky
+/// More text.
+/// ```
+#[elem]
+pub struct BlockElem {
+    /// The block's width.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set align(center)
+    /// #block(
+    ///   width: 60%,
+    ///   inset: 8pt,
+    ///   fill: silver,
+    ///   lorem(10),
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The block's height. When the height is larger than the remaining space
+    /// on a page and [`breakable`]($block.breakable) is `{true}`, the
+    /// block will continue on the next page with the remaining height.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set page(height: 80pt)
+    /// #set align(center)
+    /// #block(
+    ///   width: 80%,
+    ///   height: 150%,
+    ///   fill: aqua,
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    pub height: Sizing,
+
+    /// Whether the block can be broken and continue on the next page.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set page(height: 80pt)
+    /// The following block will
+    /// jump to its own page.
+    /// #block(
+    ///   breakable: false,
+    ///   lorem(15),
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    #[default(true)]
+    pub breakable: bool,
+
+    /// The block's background color. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill) for more details.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// The block's border color. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>,
+
+    /// How much to round the block's corners. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the block's content. See the
+    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the block's size without affecting the layout. See
+    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// The spacing around the block. When `{auto}`, inherits the paragraph
+    /// [`spacing`]($par.spacing).
+    ///
+    /// For two adjacent blocks, the larger of the first block's `above` and the
+    /// second block's `below` spacing wins. Moreover, block spacing takes
+    /// precedence over paragraph [`spacing`]($par.spacing).
+    ///
+    /// Note that this is only a shorthand to set `above` and `below` to the
+    /// same value. Since the values for `above` and `below` might differ, a
+    /// [context] block only provides access to `{block.above}` and
+    /// `{block.below}`, not to `{block.spacing}` directly.
+    ///
+    /// This property can be used in combination with a show rule to adjust the
+    /// spacing around arbitrary block-level elements.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set align(center)
+    /// #show math.equation: set block(above: 8pt, below: 16pt)
+    ///
+    /// This sum of $x$ and $y$:
+    /// $ x + y = z $
+    /// A second paragraph.
+    /// ```
+    #[external]
+    #[default(Em::new(1.2).into())]
+    pub spacing: Spacing,
+
+    /// The spacing between this block and its predecessor.
+    #[parse(
+        let spacing = args.named("spacing")?;
+        args.named("above")?.or(spacing)
+    )]
+    pub above: Smart<Spacing>,
+
+    /// The spacing between this block and its successor.
+    #[parse(args.named("below")?.or(spacing))]
+    pub below: Smart<Spacing>,
+
+    /// Whether to clip the content inside the block.
+    ///
+    /// Clipping is useful when the block's content is larger than the block itself,
+    /// as any content that exceeds the block's bounds will be hidden.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #block(
+    ///   width: 50pt,
+    ///   height: 50pt,
+    ///   clip: true,
+    ///   image("tiger.jpg", width: 100pt, height: 100pt)
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub clip: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this block must stick to the following one, with no break in
+    /// between.
+    ///
+    /// This is, by default, set on heading blocks to prevent orphaned headings
+    /// at the bottom of the page.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(height: 140pt)
+    /// // Disable stickiness of headings.
+    /// #show heading: set block(sticky: false)
+    /// #lorem(20)
+    ///
+    /// = Chapter
+    /// #lorem(10)
+    /// ```
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub sticky: bool,
+
+    /// The contents of the block.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<BlockBody>,
+}
+
+impl BlockElem {
+    /// Create a block with a custom single-region layouter.
+    ///
+    /// Such a block must have `breakable: false` (which is set by this
+    /// constructor).
+    pub fn single_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        f: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Region,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+            .with_breakable(false)
+            .with_body(Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(
+                callbacks::BlockSingleCallback::new(captured, f),
+            )))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a block with a custom multi-region layouter.
+    pub fn multi_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        f: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            regions: Regions,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new().with_body(Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(
+            callbacks::BlockMultiCallback::new(captured, f),
+        )))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The contents of a block.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum BlockBody {
+    /// The block contains normal content.
+    Content(Content),
+    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to just one
+    /// base region.
+    SingleLayouter(callbacks::BlockSingleCallback),
+    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to the exact
+    /// regions.
+    MultiLayouter(callbacks::BlockMultiCallback),
+}
+
+impl Default for BlockBody {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Content(Content::default())
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    BlockBody,
+    self => match self {
+        Self::Content(content) => content.into_value(),
+        _ => Value::Auto,
+    },
+    v: Content => Self::Content(v),
+}
+
+/// Defines how to size something along an axis.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum Sizing {
+    /// A track that fits its item's contents.
+    Auto,
+    /// A size specified in absolute terms and relative to the parent's size.
+    Rel(Rel),
+    /// A size specified as a fraction of the remaining free space in the
+    /// parent.
+    Fr(Fr),
+}
+
+impl Sizing {
+    /// Whether this is an automatic sizing.
+    pub fn is_auto(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Auto)
+    }
+
+    /// Whether this is fractional sizing.
+    pub fn is_fractional(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Fr(_))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Sizing {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Auto
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Smart<Rel>> for Sizing {
+    fn from(smart: Smart<Rel>) -> Self {
+        match smart {
+            Smart::Auto => Self::Auto,
+            Smart::Custom(rel) => Self::Rel(rel),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Into<Spacing>> From<T> for Sizing {
+    fn from(spacing: T) -> Self {
+        match spacing.into() {
+            Spacing::Rel(rel) => Self::Rel(rel),
+            Spacing::Fr(fr) => Self::Fr(fr),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    Sizing,
+    self => match self {
+        Self::Auto => Value::Auto,
+        Self::Rel(rel) => rel.into_value(),
+        Self::Fr(fr) => fr.into_value(),
+    },
+    _: AutoValue => Self::Auto,
+    v: Rel<Length> => Self::Rel(v),
+    v: Fr => Self::Fr(v),
+}
+
+/// Manual closure implementations for layout callbacks.
+///
+/// Normal closures are not `Hash`, so we can't use them.
+mod callbacks {
+    use super::*;
+
+    macro_rules! callback {
+        ($name:ident = ($($param:ident: $param_ty:ty),* $(,)?) -> $ret:ty) => {
+            #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+            pub struct $name {
+                captured: Content,
+                f: fn(&Content, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
+            }
+
+            impl $name {
+                pub fn new<T: NativeElement>(
+                    captured: Packed<T>,
+                    f: fn(&Packed<T>, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
+                ) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        // Type-erased the content.
+                        captured: captured.pack(),
+                        // Safety: The only difference between the two function
+                        // pointer types is the type of the first parameter,
+                        // which changes from `&Packed<T>` to `&Content`. This
+                        // is safe because:
+                        // - `Packed<T>` is a transparent wrapper around
+                        //   `Content`, so for any `T` it has the same memory
+                        //   representation as `Content`.
+                        // - While `Packed<T>` imposes the additional constraint
+                        //   that the content is of type `T`, this constraint is
+                        //   upheld: It is initially the case because we store a
+                        //   `Packed<T>` above. It keeps being the case over the
+                        //   lifetime of the closure because `capture` is a
+                        //   private field and `Content`'s `Clone` impl is
+                        //   guaranteed to retain the type (if it didn't,
+                        //   literally everything would break).
+                        #[allow(clippy::missing_transmute_annotations)]
+                        f: unsafe { std::mem::transmute(f) },
+                    }
+                }
+
+                pub fn call(&self, $($param: $param_ty),*) -> $ret {
+                    (self.f)(&self.captured, $($param),*)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        InlineCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Size,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        BlockSingleCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Region,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        BlockMultiCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            locator: Locator,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            regions: Regions,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/corners.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/corners.rs
index 075f51bc..fe69126a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/corners.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/corners.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
+use typst_utils::Get;
+
 use crate::diag::HintedStrResult;
 use crate::foundations::{
     AlternativeFold, CastInfo, Dict, Fold, FromValue, IntoValue, Reflect, Resolve,
     StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::Side;
-use crate::utils::Get;
 
 /// A container with components for the four corners of a rectangle.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/dir.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/dir.rs
index 9a2e7710..9a2e7710 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/dir.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/dir.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/em.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/em.rs
index 7aa5dfcf..e2d8b120 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/em.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/em.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ use std::iter::Sum;
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::foundations::{cast, repr, Repr, Resolve, StyleChain, Value};
 use crate::layout::Abs;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 /// A length that is relative to the font size.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/fr.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/fr.rs
index a61daf1e..ff8a6e6b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/fr.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/fr.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::iter::Sum;
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::foundations::{repr, ty, Repr};
 use crate::layout::Abs;
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 /// Defines how the remaining space in a layout is distributed.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/fragment.rs
index c2666115..c2666115 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/fragment.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/frame.rs
index cf4153d6..204584fc 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/frame.rs
@@ -5,20 +5,17 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{LazyHash, Numeric};
 
 use crate::foundations::{cast, dict, Dict, Label, StyleChain, Value};
 use crate::introspection::{Location, Tag};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Corners, FixedAlignment, HideElem, Length, Point, Rel, Sides, Size,
-    Transform,
+    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, HideElem, Length, Point, Size, Transform,
 };
 use crate::model::{Destination, LinkElem};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::TextItem;
-use crate::utils::{LazyHash, Numeric};
-use crate::visualize::{
-    ellipse, styled_rect, Color, FixedStroke, Geometry, Image, Paint, Path, Shape,
-};
+use crate::visualize::{Color, FixedStroke, Geometry, Image, Paint, Path, Shape};
 
 /// A finished layout with items at fixed positions.
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Hash)]
@@ -363,32 +360,13 @@ impl Frame {
     }
 
     /// Add a background fill.
-    pub fn fill(&mut self, fill: Paint) {
+    pub fn fill(&mut self, fill: impl Into<Paint>) {
         self.prepend(
             Point::zero(),
             FrameItem::Shape(Geometry::Rect(self.size()).filled(fill), Span::detached()),
         );
     }
 
-    /// Add a fill and stroke with optional radius and outset to the frame.
-    pub fn fill_and_stroke(
-        &mut self,
-        fill: Option<Paint>,
-        stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
-        outset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
-        radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
-        span: Span,
-    ) {
-        let outset = outset.relative_to(self.size());
-        let size = self.size() + outset.sum_by_axis();
-        let pos = Point::new(-outset.left, -outset.top);
-        self.prepend_multiple(
-            styled_rect(size, radius, fill, stroke)
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|x| (pos, FrameItem::Shape(x, span))),
-        );
-    }
-
     /// Arbitrarily transform the contents of the frame.
     pub fn transform(&mut self, transform: Transform) {
         if !self.is_empty() {
@@ -448,7 +426,7 @@ impl Frame {
             0,
             Point::zero(),
             FrameItem::Shape(
-                Geometry::Rect(self.size).filled(Color::TEAL.with_alpha(0.5).into()),
+                Geometry::Rect(self.size).filled(Color::TEAL.with_alpha(0.5)),
                 Span::detached(),
             ),
         );
@@ -469,7 +447,8 @@ impl Frame {
         self.push(
             pos - Point::splat(radius),
             FrameItem::Shape(
-                ellipse(Size::splat(2.0 * radius), Some(Color::GREEN.into()), None),
+                Geometry::Path(Path::ellipse(Size::splat(2.0 * radius)))
+                    .filled(Color::GREEN),
                 Span::detached(),
             ),
         );
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/grid.rs
index ec0504f3..2e1e9abc 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/grid.rs
@@ -1,36 +1,20 @@
-mod cells;
-mod layout;
-mod lines;
-mod repeated;
-mod rowspans;
-
-pub use self::cells::{
-    Cell, CellGrid, Celled, ResolvableCell, ResolvableGridChild, ResolvableGridItem,
-};
-pub use self::layout::GridLayouter;
-pub use self::lines::LinePosition;
-
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use ecow::eco_format;
+use comemo::Track;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
+use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Fold, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
-    StyleChain, Value,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, CastInfo, Content, Context, Fold, FromValue, Func,
+    IntoValue, NativeElement, Packed, Reflect, Resolve, Show, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Dir, Fragment, Length, OuterHAlignment,
-    OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, Sides, Sizing,
+    Alignment, BlockElem, Length, OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Rel, Sides, Sizing,
 };
 use crate::model::{TableCell, TableFooter, TableHLine, TableHeader, TableVLine};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
 
 /// Arranges content in a grid.
@@ -241,67 +225,67 @@ pub struct GridElem {
     /// #set page(height: 13em, width: 26em)
     ///
     /// #let cv(..jobs) = grid(
-    ///     columns: 2,
-    ///     inset: 5pt,
-    ///     stroke: (x, y) => if x == 0 and y > 0 {
-    ///       (right: (
-    ///         paint: luma(180),
-    ///         thickness: 1.5pt,
-    ///         dash: "dotted"
-    ///       ))
-    ///     },
-    ///     grid.header(grid.cell(colspan: 2)[
-    ///       *Professional Experience*
-    ///       #box(width: 1fr, line(length: 100%, stroke: luma(180)))
-    ///     ]),
-    ///     ..{
-    ///       let last = none
-    ///       for job in jobs.pos() {
-    ///         (
-    ///           if job.year != last [*#job.year*],
-    ///           [
-    ///             *#job.company* - #job.role _(#job.timeframe)_ \
-    ///             #job.details
-    ///           ]
-    ///         )
-    ///         last = job.year
-    ///       }
+    ///   columns: 2,
+    ///   inset: 5pt,
+    ///   stroke: (x, y) => if x == 0 and y > 0 {
+    ///     (right: (
+    ///       paint: luma(180),
+    ///       thickness: 1.5pt,
+    ///       dash: "dotted"
+    ///     ))
+    ///   },
+    ///   grid.header(grid.cell(colspan: 2)[
+    ///     *Professional Experience*
+    ///     #box(width: 1fr, line(length: 100%, stroke: luma(180)))
+    ///   ]),
+    ///   ..{
+    ///     let last = none
+    ///     for job in jobs.pos() {
+    ///       (
+    ///         if job.year != last [*#job.year*],
+    ///         [
+    ///           *#job.company* - #job.role _(#job.timeframe)_ \
+    ///           #job.details
+    ///         ]
+    ///       )
+    ///       last = job.year
     ///     }
-    ///   )
-    ///
-    ///   #cv(
-    ///     (
-    ///       year: 2012,
-    ///       company: [Pear Seed & Co.],
-    ///       role: [Lead Engineer],
-    ///       timeframe: [Jul - Dec],
-    ///       details: [
-    ///         - Raised engineers from 3x to 10x
-    ///         - Did a great job
-    ///       ],
-    ///     ),
-    ///     (
-    ///       year: 2012,
-    ///       company: [Mega Corp.],
-    ///       role: [VP of Sales],
-    ///       timeframe: [Mar - Jun],
-    ///       details: [- Closed tons of customers],
-    ///     ),
-    ///     (
-    ///       year: 2013,
-    ///       company: [Tiny Co.],
-    ///       role: [CEO],
-    ///       timeframe: [Jan - Dec],
-    ///       details: [- Delivered 4x more shareholder value],
-    ///     ),
-    ///     (
-    ///       year: 2014,
-    ///       company: [Glorbocorp Ltd],
-    ///       role: [CTO],
-    ///       timeframe: [Jan - Mar],
-    ///       details: [- Drove containerization forward],
-    ///     ),
-    ///   )
+    ///   }
+    /// )
+    ///
+    /// #cv(
+    ///   (
+    ///     year: 2012,
+    ///     company: [Pear Seed & Co.],
+    ///     role: [Lead Engineer],
+    ///     timeframe: [Jul - Dec],
+    ///     details: [
+    ///       - Raised engineers from 3x to 10x
+    ///       - Did a great job
+    ///     ],
+    ///   ),
+    ///   (
+    ///     year: 2012,
+    ///     company: [Mega Corp.],
+    ///     role: [VP of Sales],
+    ///     timeframe: [Mar - Jun],
+    ///     details: [- Closed tons of customers],
+    ///   ),
+    ///   (
+    ///     year: 2013,
+    ///     company: [Tiny Co.],
+    ///     role: [CEO],
+    ///     timeframe: [Jan - Dec],
+    ///     details: [- Delivered 4x more shareholder value],
+    ///   ),
+    ///   (
+    ///     year: 2014,
+    ///     company: [Glorbocorp Ltd],
+    ///     role: [CTO],
+    ///     timeframe: [Jan - Mar],
+    ///     details: [- Drove containerization forward],
+    ///   ),
+    /// )
     /// ```
     #[resolve]
     #[fold]
@@ -342,70 +326,13 @@ impl GridElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<GridElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_grid)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_grid)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the grid.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_grid(
-    elem: &Packed<GridElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
-    let align = elem.align(styles);
-    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
-    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
-    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
-    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
-    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
-    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
-
-    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
-    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
-    // Use trace to link back to the grid when a specific cell errors
-    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("grid")));
-    let resolve_item = |item: &GridItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
-    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
-        GridChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
-            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
-            span: header.span(),
-            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-        },
-        GridChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
-            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
-            span: footer.span(),
-            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-        },
-        GridChild::Item(item) => ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles)),
-    });
-    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
-        tracks,
-        gutter,
-        locator,
-        children,
-        fill,
-        align,
-        &inset,
-        &stroke,
-        engine,
-        styles,
-        elem.span(),
-    )
-    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
-
-    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
-
-    // Measure the columns and layout the grid row-by-row.
-    layouter.layout(engine)
-}
-
 /// Track sizing definitions.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct TrackSizings(pub SmallVec<[Sizing; 4]>);
@@ -470,44 +397,6 @@ pub enum GridItem {
     Cell(Packed<GridCell>),
 }
 
-impl GridItem {
-    fn to_resolvable(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> ResolvableGridItem<Packed<GridCell>> {
-        match self {
-            Self::HLine(hline) => ResolvableGridItem::HLine {
-                y: hline.y(styles),
-                start: hline.start(styles),
-                end: hline.end(styles),
-                stroke: hline.stroke(styles),
-                span: hline.span(),
-                position: match hline.position(styles) {
-                    OuterVAlignment::Top => LinePosition::Before,
-                    OuterVAlignment::Bottom => LinePosition::After,
-                },
-            },
-            Self::VLine(vline) => ResolvableGridItem::VLine {
-                x: vline.x(styles),
-                start: vline.start(styles),
-                end: vline.end(styles),
-                stroke: vline.stroke(styles),
-                span: vline.span(),
-                position: match vline.position(styles) {
-                    OuterHAlignment::Left if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
-                        LinePosition::After
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::Right if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
-                        LinePosition::Before
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::Start | OuterHAlignment::Left => {
-                        LinePosition::Before
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::End | OuterHAlignment::Right => LinePosition::After,
-                },
-            },
-            Self::Cell(cell) => ResolvableGridItem::Cell(cell.clone()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 cast! {
     GridItem,
     self => match self {
@@ -856,113 +745,18 @@ cast! {
     v: Content => v.into(),
 }
 
-impl Default for Packed<GridCell> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Packed::new(GridCell::new(Content::default()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl ResolvableCell for Packed<GridCell> {
-    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
-        mut self,
-        x: usize,
-        y: usize,
-        fill: &Option<Paint>,
-        align: Smart<Alignment>,
-        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
-        breakable: bool,
-        locator: Locator<'a>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> Cell<'a> {
-        let cell = &mut *self;
-        let colspan = cell.colspan(styles);
-        let rowspan = cell.rowspan(styles);
-        let breakable = cell.breakable(styles).unwrap_or(breakable);
-        let fill = cell.fill(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| fill.clone());
-
-        let cell_stroke = cell.stroke(styles);
-        let stroke_overridden =
-            cell_stroke.as_ref().map(|side| matches!(side, Some(Some(_))));
-
-        // Using a typical 'Sides' fold, an unspecified side loses to a
-        // specified side. Additionally, when both are specified, an inner
-        // None wins over the outer Some, and vice-versa. When both are
-        // specified and Some, fold occurs, which, remarkably, leads to an Arc
-        // clone.
-        //
-        // In the end, we flatten because, for layout purposes, an unspecified
-        // cell stroke is the same as specifying 'none', so we equate the two
-        // concepts.
-        let stroke = cell_stroke.fold(stroke).map(Option::flatten);
-        cell.push_x(Smart::Custom(x));
-        cell.push_y(Smart::Custom(y));
-        cell.push_fill(Smart::Custom(fill.clone()));
-        cell.push_align(match align {
-            Smart::Custom(align) => {
-                Smart::Custom(cell.align(styles).map_or(align, |inner| inner.fold(align)))
-            }
-            // Don't fold if the grid is using outer alignment. Use the
-            // cell's alignment instead (which, in the end, will fold with
-            // the outer alignment when it is effectively displayed).
-            Smart::Auto => cell.align(styles),
-        });
-        cell.push_inset(Smart::Custom(
-            cell.inset(styles).map_or(inset, |inner| inner.fold(inset)),
-        ));
-        cell.push_stroke(
-            // Here we convert the resolved stroke to a regular stroke, however
-            // with resolved units (that is, 'em' converted to absolute units).
-            // We also convert any stroke unspecified by both the cell and the
-            // outer stroke ('None' in the folded stroke) to 'none', that is,
-            // all sides are present in the resulting Sides object accessible
-            // by show rules on grid cells.
-            stroke.as_ref().map(|side| {
-                Some(side.as_ref().map(|cell_stroke| {
-                    Arc::new((**cell_stroke).clone().map(Length::from))
-                }))
-            }),
-        );
-        cell.push_breakable(Smart::Custom(breakable));
-        Cell {
-            body: self.pack(),
-            locator,
-            fill,
-            colspan,
-            rowspan,
-            stroke,
-            stroke_overridden,
-            breakable,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
-        (**self).x(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
-        (**self).y(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
-        (**self).colspan(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
-        (**self).rowspan(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        Packed::span(self)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Show for Packed<GridCell> {
     fn show(&self, _engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
         show_grid_cell(self.body().clone(), self.inset(styles), self.align(styles))
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for Packed<GridCell> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Packed::new(GridCell::new(Content::default()))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Content> for GridCell {
     fn from(value: Content) -> Self {
         #[allow(clippy::unwrap_or_default)]
@@ -991,3 +785,140 @@ pub(crate) fn show_grid_cell(
 
     Ok(body)
 }
+
+/// A value that can be configured per cell.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum Celled<T> {
+    /// A bare value, the same for all cells.
+    Value(T),
+    /// A closure mapping from cell coordinates to a value.
+    Func(Func),
+    /// An array of alignment values corresponding to each column.
+    Array(Vec<T>),
+}
+
+impl<T: Default + Clone + FromValue> Celled<T> {
+    /// Resolve the value based on the cell position.
+    pub fn resolve(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        x: usize,
+        y: usize,
+    ) -> SourceResult<T> {
+        Ok(match self {
+            Self::Value(value) => value.clone(),
+            Self::Func(func) => func
+                .call(engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [x, y])?
+                .cast()
+                .at(func.span())?,
+            Self::Array(array) => x
+                .checked_rem(array.len())
+                .and_then(|i| array.get(i))
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Default> Default for Celled<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Value(T::default())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Reflect> Reflect for Celled<T> {
+    fn input() -> CastInfo {
+        T::input() + Array::input() + Func::input()
+    }
+
+    fn output() -> CastInfo {
+        T::output() + Array::output() + Func::output()
+    }
+
+    fn castable(value: &Value) -> bool {
+        Array::castable(value) || Func::castable(value) || T::castable(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: IntoValue> IntoValue for Celled<T> {
+    fn into_value(self) -> Value {
+        match self {
+            Self::Value(value) => value.into_value(),
+            Self::Func(func) => func.into_value(),
+            Self::Array(arr) => arr.into_value(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: FromValue> FromValue for Celled<T> {
+    fn from_value(value: Value) -> HintedStrResult<Self> {
+        match value {
+            Value::Func(v) => Ok(Self::Func(v)),
+            Value::Array(array) => Ok(Self::Array(
+                array.into_iter().map(T::from_value).collect::<HintedStrResult<_>>()?,
+            )),
+            v if T::castable(&v) => Ok(Self::Value(T::from_value(v)?)),
+            v => Err(Self::error(&v)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Fold> Fold for Celled<T> {
+    fn fold(self, outer: Self) -> Self {
+        match (self, outer) {
+            (Self::Value(inner), Self::Value(outer)) => Self::Value(inner.fold(outer)),
+            (self_, _) => self_,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Resolve> Resolve for Celled<T> {
+    type Output = ResolvedCelled<T>;
+
+    fn resolve(self, styles: StyleChain) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Self::Value(value) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Value(value.resolve(styles))),
+            Self::Func(func) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Func(func)),
+            Self::Array(values) => ResolvedCelled(Celled::Array(
+                values.into_iter().map(|value| value.resolve(styles)).collect(),
+            )),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The result of resolving a Celled's value according to styles.
+/// Holds resolved values which depend on each grid cell's position.
+/// When it is a closure, however, it is only resolved when the closure is
+/// called.
+#[derive(Default, Clone)]
+pub struct ResolvedCelled<T: Resolve>(Celled<T::Output>);
+
+impl<T> ResolvedCelled<T>
+where
+    T: FromValue + Resolve,
+    <T as Resolve>::Output: Default + Clone,
+{
+    /// Resolve the value based on the cell position.
+    pub fn resolve(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        x: usize,
+        y: usize,
+    ) -> SourceResult<T::Output> {
+        Ok(match &self.0 {
+            Celled::Value(value) => value.clone(),
+            Celled::Func(func) => func
+                .call(engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [x, y])?
+                .cast::<T>()
+                .at(func.span())?
+                .resolve(styles),
+            Celled::Array(array) => x
+                .checked_rem(array.len())
+                .and_then(|i| array.get(i))
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/hide.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/hide.rs
index 1b8b9bd5..1b8b9bd5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/hide.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/hide.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/layout.rs
index f69acca9..c3d112e1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/layout.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use comemo::Track;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -6,8 +7,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     dict, elem, func, Content, Context, Func, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::introspection::Locatable;
-use crate::layout::{layout_fragment, BlockElem, Size};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Size};
 
 /// Provides access to the current outer container's (or page's, if none)
 /// dimensions (width and height).
@@ -96,7 +96,9 @@ impl Show for Packed<LayoutElem> {
                         [dict! { "width" => x, "height" => y }],
                     )?
                     .display();
-                layout_fragment(engine, &result, locator, styles, regions)
+                (engine.routines.layout_fragment)(
+                    engine, &result, locator, styles, regions,
+                )
             },
         )
         .pack()
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/length.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/length.rs
index 5e352f13..800140c4 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/length.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/length.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
 use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, ty, Context, Fold, Repr, Resolve, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Em};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// A size or distance, possibly expressed with contextual units.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/measure.rs
index ad68b948..2fa51b2d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/measure.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use comemo::Tracked;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::{warning, At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -6,8 +7,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     dict, func, Content, Context, Dict, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Styles,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Locator, LocatorLink};
-use crate::layout::{layout_frame, Abs, Axes, Length, Region, Size};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Length, Region, Size};
 
 /// Measures the layouted size of content.
 ///
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub fn measure(
     let link = LocatorLink::measure(here);
     let locator = Locator::link(&link);
 
-    let frame = layout_frame(engine, &content, locator, styles, pod)?;
+    let frame = (engine.routines.layout_frame)(engine, &content, locator, styles, pod)?;
     let Size { x, y } = frame.size();
     Ok(dict! { "width" => x, "height" => y })
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/mod.rs
index f43a7138..b54d6906 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@ mod container;
 mod corners;
 mod dir;
 mod em;
-mod flow;
 mod fr;
 mod fragment;
 mod frame;
 mod grid;
 mod hide;
-mod inline;
 #[path = "layout.rs"]
 mod layout_;
 mod length;
@@ -23,7 +21,6 @@ mod length;
 mod measure_;
 mod pad;
 mod page;
-mod pages;
 mod place;
 mod point;
 mod ratio;
@@ -45,7 +42,6 @@ pub use self::container::*;
 pub use self::corners::*;
 pub use self::dir::*;
 pub use self::em::*;
-pub use self::flow::*;
 pub use self::fr::*;
 pub use self::fragment::*;
 pub use self::frame::*;
@@ -56,7 +52,6 @@ pub use self::length::*;
 pub use self::measure_::*;
 pub use self::pad::*;
 pub use self::page::*;
-pub use self::pages::*;
 pub use self::place::*;
 pub use self::point::*;
 pub use self::ratio::*;
@@ -69,8 +64,6 @@ pub use self::spacing::*;
 pub use self::stack::*;
 pub use self::transform::*;
 
-pub(crate) use self::inline::layout_inline;
-
 use crate::foundations::{category, Category, Scope};
 
 /// Arranging elements on the page in different ways.
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/layout/pad.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/pad.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1dc6d131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/pad.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Length, Rel};
+
+/// Adds spacing around content.
+///
+/// The spacing can be specified for each side individually, or for all sides at
+/// once by specifying a positional argument.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// #set align(center)
+///
+/// #pad(x: 16pt, image("typing.jpg"))
+/// _Typing speeds can be
+///  measured in words per minute._
+/// ```
+#[elem(title = "Padding", Show)]
+pub struct PadElem {
+    /// The padding at the left side.
+    #[parse(
+        let all = args.named("rest")?.or(args.find()?);
+        let x = args.named("x")?.or(all);
+        let y = args.named("y")?.or(all);
+        args.named("left")?.or(x)
+    )]
+    pub left: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// The padding at the top side.
+    #[parse(args.named("top")?.or(y))]
+    pub top: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// The padding at the right side.
+    #[parse(args.named("right")?.or(x))]
+    pub right: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// The padding at the bottom side.
+    #[parse(args.named("bottom")?.or(y))]
+    pub bottom: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// A shorthand to set `left` and `right` to the same value.
+    #[external]
+    pub x: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// A shorthand to set `top` and `bottom` to the same value.
+    #[external]
+    pub y: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// A shorthand to set all four sides to the same value.
+    #[external]
+    pub rest: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// The content to pad at the sides.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<PadElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_pad)
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/page.rs
index 95b3cd1b..de278cb6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/page.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use std::ops::RangeInclusive;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use comemo::Track;
+use typst_utils::{singleton, NonZeroExt, Scalar};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ use crate::layout::{
     Sides, SpecificAlignment,
 };
 use crate::model::Numbering;
-use crate::utils::{singleton, NonZeroExt, Scalar};
 use crate::visualize::{Color, Paint};
 
 /// Layouts its child onto one or multiple pages.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/place.rs
index bedeb507..bedeb507 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/place.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/point.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/point.rs
index 172b6021..c3d1594e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/point.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/point.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
+use typst_utils::{Get, Numeric};
+
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Axis, Size, Transform};
-use crate::utils::{Get, Numeric};
 
 /// A point in 2D.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/ratio.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/ratio.rs
index 020d689a..1c0dcd29 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/ratio.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/ratio.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::foundations::{repr, ty, Repr};
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 /// A ratio of a whole.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/regions.rs
index 385664bb..385664bb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/regions.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/rel.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/rel.rs
index cce0ac86..30441a42 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/rel.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/rel.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
 use crate::foundations::{cast, ty, Fold, Repr, Resolve, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, Length, Ratio};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// A length in relation to some known length.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/layout/repeat.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/repeat.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e423410a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/repeat.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Length};
+
+/// Repeats content to the available space.
+///
+/// This can be useful when implementing a custom index, reference, or outline.
+///
+/// Space may be inserted between the instances of the body parameter, so be
+/// sure to adjust the [`justify`]($repeat.justify) parameter accordingly.
+///
+/// Errors if there no bounds on the available space, as it would create
+/// infinite content.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// Sign on the dotted line:
+/// #box(width: 1fr, repeat[.])
+///
+/// #set text(10pt)
+/// #v(8pt, weak: true)
+/// #align(right)[
+///   Berlin, the 22nd of December, 2022
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(Show)]
+pub struct RepeatElem {
+    /// The content to repeat.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The gap between each instance of the body.
+    #[default]
+    pub gap: Length,
+
+    /// Whether to increase the gap between instances to completely fill the
+    /// available space.
+    #[default(true)]
+    pub justify: bool,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<RepeatElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_repeat)
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/sides.rs
index 61d6a1fd..e04b63d9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/sides.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Add;
 
+use typst_utils::Get;
+
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, AlternativeFold, CastInfo, Dict, Fold, FromValue, IntoValue, Reflect, Resolve,
     StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Alignment, Axes, Axis, Corner, Rel, Size};
-use crate::utils::Get;
 
 /// A container with left, top, right and bottom components.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/size.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/size.rs
index 8b5dc8fc..294eec66 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/size.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/size.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg};
 
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Point, Ratio};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// A size in 2D.
 pub type Size = Axes<Abs>;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/spacing.rs
index c7c0823c..b3ca1e81 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/spacing.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, Content};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, Fr, Length, Ratio, Rel};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// Inserts horizontal spacing into a paragraph.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/layout/stack.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/stack.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5fc78480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/stack.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
+
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Dir, Spacing};
+
+/// Arranges content and spacing horizontally or vertically.
+///
+/// The stack places a list of items along an axis, with optional spacing
+/// between each item.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// #stack(
+///   dir: ttb,
+///   rect(width: 40pt),
+///   rect(width: 120pt),
+///   rect(width: 90pt),
+/// )
+/// ```
+#[elem(Show)]
+pub struct StackElem {
+    /// The direction along which the items are stacked. Possible values are:
+    ///
+    /// - `{ltr}`: Left to right.
+    /// - `{rtl}`: Right to left.
+    /// - `{ttb}`: Top to bottom.
+    /// - `{btt}`: Bottom to top.
+    ///
+    /// You can use the `start` and `end` methods to obtain the initial and
+    /// final points (respectively) of a direction, as `alignment`. You can also
+    /// use the `axis` method to determine whether a direction is
+    /// `{"horizontal"}` or `{"vertical"}`. The `inv` method returns a
+    /// direction's inverse direction.
+    ///
+    /// For example, `{ttb.start()}` is `top`, `{ttb.end()}` is `bottom`,
+    /// `{ttb.axis()}` is `{"vertical"}` and `{ttb.inv()}` is equal to `btt`.
+    #[default(Dir::TTB)]
+    pub dir: Dir,
+
+    /// Spacing to insert between items where no explicit spacing was provided.
+    pub spacing: Option<Spacing>,
+
+    /// The children to stack along the axis.
+    #[variadic]
+    pub children: Vec<StackChild>,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<StackElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_stack)
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A child of a stack element.
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum StackChild {
+    /// Spacing between other children.
+    Spacing(Spacing),
+    /// Arbitrary block-level content.
+    Block(Content),
+}
+
+impl Debug for StackChild {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Self::Spacing(kind) => kind.fmt(f),
+            Self::Block(block) => block.fmt(f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    StackChild,
+    self => match self {
+        Self::Spacing(spacing) => spacing.into_value(),
+        Self::Block(content) => content.into_value(),
+    },
+    v: Spacing => Self::Spacing(v),
+    v: Content => Self::Block(v),
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/transform.rs
index 871bf5b7..183df609 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/layout/transform.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
-use std::ops::Div;
-
-use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+    cast, elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
 use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, Alignment, Angle, Axes, BlockElem, FixedAlignment, Frame,
-    HAlignment, Length, Point, Ratio, Region, Rel, Size, VAlignment,
+    Abs, Alignment, Angle, BlockElem, HAlignment, Length, Ratio, Rel, VAlignment,
 };
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// Moves content without affecting layout.
 ///
@@ -46,29 +39,13 @@ pub struct MoveElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<MoveElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_move)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_move)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the moved content.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_move(
-    elem: &Packed<MoveElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let mut frame = layout_frame(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, region)?;
-    let delta = Axes::new(elem.dx(styles), elem.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
-    let delta = delta.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
-    frame.translate(delta.to_point());
-    Ok(frame)
-}
-
 /// Rotates content without affecting layout.
 ///
 /// Rotates an element by a given angle. The layout will act as if the element
@@ -131,45 +108,13 @@ pub struct RotateElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<RotateElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_rotate)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_rotate)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the rotated content.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_rotate(
-    elem: &Packed<RotateElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let angle = elem.angle(styles);
-    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
-
-    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
-    let size = if region.size.is_finite() {
-        compute_bounding_box(region.size, Transform::rotate(-angle)).1
-    } else {
-        Size::splat(Abs::inf())
-    };
-
-    measure_and_layout(
-        engine,
-        locator,
-        region,
-        size,
-        styles,
-        elem.body(),
-        Transform::rotate(angle),
-        align,
-        elem.reflow(styles),
-    )
-}
-
 /// Scales content without affecting layout.
 ///
 /// Lets you mirror content by specifying a negative scale on a single axis.
@@ -235,104 +180,20 @@ pub struct ScaleElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<ScaleElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_scale)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_scale)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the scaled content.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_scale(
-    elem: &Packed<ScaleElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
-    let scale = elem.resolve_scale(engine, locator.relayout(), region.size, styles)?;
-    let size = region
-        .size
-        .zip_map(scale, |r, s| if r.is_finite() { Ratio::new(1.0 / s).of(r) } else { r })
-        .map(Abs::abs);
-
-    measure_and_layout(
-        engine,
-        locator,
-        region,
-        size,
-        styles,
-        elem.body(),
-        Transform::scale(scale.x, scale.y),
-        elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles),
-        elem.reflow(styles),
-    )
-}
-
+/// To what size something shall be scaled.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-enum ScaleAmount {
+pub enum ScaleAmount {
     Ratio(Ratio),
     Length(Length),
 }
 
-impl Packed<ScaleElem> {
-    /// Resolves scale parameters, preserving aspect ratio if one of the scales is set to `auto`.
-    fn resolve_scale(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        locator: Locator,
-        container: Size,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Axes<Ratio>> {
-        fn resolve_axis(
-            axis: Smart<ScaleAmount>,
-            body: impl Fn() -> SourceResult<Abs>,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Smart<Ratio>> {
-            Ok(match axis {
-                Smart::Auto => Smart::Auto,
-                Smart::Custom(amt) => Smart::Custom(match amt {
-                    ScaleAmount::Ratio(ratio) => ratio,
-                    ScaleAmount::Length(length) => {
-                        let length = length.resolve(styles);
-                        Ratio::new(length.div(body()?))
-                    }
-                }),
-            })
-        }
-
-        let size = Lazy::new(|| {
-            let pod = Region::new(container, Axes::splat(false));
-            let frame = layout_frame(engine, &self.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
-            SourceResult::Ok(frame.size())
-        });
-
-        let x = resolve_axis(
-            self.x(styles),
-            || size.as_ref().map(|size| size.x).map_err(Clone::clone),
-            styles,
-        )?;
-
-        let y = resolve_axis(
-            self.y(styles),
-            || size.as_ref().map(|size| size.y).map_err(Clone::clone),
-            styles,
-        )?;
-
-        match (x, y) {
-            (Smart::Auto, Smart::Auto) => {
-                bail!(self.span(), "x and y cannot both be auto")
-            }
-            (Smart::Custom(x), Smart::Custom(y)) => Ok(Axes::new(x, y)),
-            (Smart::Auto, Smart::Custom(v)) | (Smart::Custom(v), Smart::Auto) => {
-                Ok(Axes::splat(v))
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 cast! {
     ScaleAmount,
     self => match self {
@@ -405,46 +266,13 @@ pub struct SkewElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<SkewElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_skew)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_skew)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the skewed content.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_skew(
-    elem: &Packed<SkewElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let ax = elem.ax(styles);
-    let ay = elem.ay(styles);
-    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
-
-    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
-    let size = if region.size.is_finite() {
-        compute_bounding_box(region.size, Transform::skew(ax, ay)).1
-    } else {
-        Size::splat(Abs::inf())
-    };
-
-    measure_and_layout(
-        engine,
-        locator,
-        region,
-        size,
-        styles,
-        elem.body(),
-        Transform::skew(ax, ay),
-        align,
-        elem.reflow(styles),
-    )
-}
-
 /// A scale-skew-translate transformation.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct Transform {
@@ -578,73 +406,3 @@ impl Default for Transform {
         Self::identity()
     }
 }
-
-/// Applies a transformation to a frame, reflowing the layout if necessary.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn measure_and_layout(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    region: Region,
-    size: Size,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    body: &Content,
-    transform: Transform,
-    align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
-    reflow: bool,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    if reflow {
-        // Measure the size of the body.
-        let pod = Region::new(size, Axes::splat(false));
-        let frame = layout_frame(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
-
-        // Actually perform the layout.
-        let pod = Region::new(frame.size(), Axes::splat(true));
-        let mut frame = layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?;
-        let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
-
-        // Compute the transform.
-        let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
-            .pre_concat(transform)
-            .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
-
-        // Compute the bounding box and offset and wrap in a new frame.
-        let (offset, size) = compute_bounding_box(frame.size(), ts);
-        frame.transform(ts);
-        frame.translate(offset);
-        frame.set_size(size);
-        Ok(frame)
-    } else {
-        // Layout the body.
-        let mut frame = layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, region)?;
-        let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
-
-        // Compute the transform.
-        let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
-            .pre_concat(transform)
-            .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
-
-        // Apply the transform.
-        frame.transform(ts);
-        Ok(frame)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Computes the bounding box and offset of a transformed area.
-fn compute_bounding_box(size: Size, ts: Transform) -> (Point, Size) {
-    let top_left = Point::zero().transform_inf(ts);
-    let top_right = Point::with_x(size.x).transform_inf(ts);
-    let bottom_left = Point::with_y(size.y).transform_inf(ts);
-    let bottom_right = size.to_point().transform_inf(ts);
-
-    // We first compute the new bounding box of the rotated area.
-    let min_x = top_left.x.min(top_right.x).min(bottom_left.x).min(bottom_right.x);
-    let min_y = top_left.y.min(top_right.y).min(bottom_left.y).min(bottom_right.y);
-    let max_x = top_left.x.max(top_right.x).max(bottom_left.x).max(bottom_right.x);
-    let max_y = top_left.y.max(top_right.y).max(bottom_left.y).max(bottom_right.y);
-
-    // Then we compute the new size of the area.
-    let width = max_x - min_x;
-    let height = max_y - min_y;
-
-    (Point::new(-min_x, -min_y), Size::new(width.abs(), height.abs()))
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34c2e526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+//! Typst's standard library.
+//!
+//! This crate also contains all of the compiler's central type definitions as
+//! these are interwoven with the standard library types.
+//!
+//! In contrast to the _types,_ most of the compilation _behaviour_ is split out
+//! into separate crates (`typst-eval`, `typst-realize`, `typst-layout`, etc.)
+//!
+//! Note that, unless you are working on the compiler itself, you will rarely
+//! need to interact with this crate, as it is fully reexported by the `typst`
+//! crate.
+
+extern crate self as typst_library;
+
+pub mod diag;
+pub mod engine;
+pub mod foundations;
+pub mod introspection;
+pub mod layout;
+pub mod loading;
+pub mod math;
+pub mod model;
+pub mod routines;
+pub mod symbols;
+pub mod text;
+pub mod visualize;
+
+use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
+
+use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::package::PackageSpec;
+use typst_syntax::{FileId, Source, Span};
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
+
+use crate::diag::FileResult;
+use crate::foundations::{Array, Bytes, Datetime, Dict, Module, Scope, Styles, Value};
+use crate::layout::{Alignment, Dir};
+use crate::text::{Font, FontBook};
+use crate::visualize::Color;
+
+/// The environment in which typesetting occurs.
+///
+/// All loading functions (`main`, `source`, `file`, `font`) should perform
+/// internal caching so that they are relatively cheap on repeated invocations
+/// with the same argument. [`Source`], [`Bytes`], and [`Font`] are
+/// all reference-counted and thus cheap to clone.
+///
+/// The compiler doesn't do the caching itself because the world has much more
+/// information on when something can change. For example, fonts typically don't
+/// change and can thus even be cached across multiple compilations (for
+/// long-running applications like `typst watch`). Source files on the other
+/// hand can change and should thus be cleared after each compilation. Advanced
+/// clients like language servers can also retain the source files and
+/// [edit](Source::edit) them in-place to benefit from better incremental
+/// performance.
+#[comemo::track]
+pub trait World: Send + Sync {
+    /// The standard library.
+    ///
+    /// Can be created through `Library::build()`.
+    fn library(&self) -> &LazyHash<Library>;
+
+    /// Metadata about all known fonts.
+    fn book(&self) -> &LazyHash<FontBook>;
+
+    /// Get the file id of the main source file.
+    fn main(&self) -> FileId;
+
+    /// Try to access the specified source file.
+    fn source(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Source>;
+
+    /// Try to access the specified file.
+    fn file(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Bytes>;
+
+    /// Try to access the font with the given index in the font book.
+    fn font(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Font>;
+
+    /// Get the current date.
+    ///
+    /// If no offset is specified, the local date should be chosen. Otherwise,
+    /// the UTC date should be chosen with the corresponding offset in hours.
+    ///
+    /// If this function returns `None`, Typst's `datetime` function will
+    /// return an error.
+    fn today(&self, offset: Option<i64>) -> Option<Datetime>;
+
+    /// A list of all available packages and optionally descriptions for them.
+    ///
+    /// This function is optional to implement. It enhances the user experience
+    /// by enabling autocompletion for packages. Details about packages from the
+    /// `@preview` namespace are available from
+    /// `https://packages.typst.org/preview/index.json`.
+    fn packages(&self) -> &[(PackageSpec, Option<EcoString>)] {
+        &[]
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! world_impl {
+    ($W:ident for $ptr:ty) => {
+        impl<$W: World> World for $ptr {
+            fn library(&self) -> &LazyHash<Library> {
+                self.deref().library()
+            }
+
+            fn book(&self) -> &LazyHash<FontBook> {
+                self.deref().book()
+            }
+
+            fn main(&self) -> FileId {
+                self.deref().main()
+            }
+
+            fn source(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Source> {
+                self.deref().source(id)
+            }
+
+            fn file(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Bytes> {
+                self.deref().file(id)
+            }
+
+            fn font(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Font> {
+                self.deref().font(index)
+            }
+
+            fn today(&self, offset: Option<i64>) -> Option<Datetime> {
+                self.deref().today(offset)
+            }
+
+            fn packages(&self) -> &[(PackageSpec, Option<EcoString>)] {
+                self.deref().packages()
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+world_impl!(W for std::boxed::Box<W>);
+world_impl!(W for std::sync::Arc<W>);
+world_impl!(W for &W);
+
+/// Helper methods on [`World`] implementations.
+pub trait WorldExt {
+    /// Get the byte range for a span.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` if the `Span` does not point into any source file.
+    fn range(&self, span: Span) -> Option<Range<usize>>;
+}
+
+impl<T: World> WorldExt for T {
+    fn range(&self, span: Span) -> Option<Range<usize>> {
+        self.source(span.id()?).ok()?.range(span)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Definition of Typst's standard library.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct Library {
+    /// The module that contains the definitions that are available everywhere.
+    pub global: Module,
+    /// The module that contains the definitions available in math mode.
+    pub math: Module,
+    /// The default style properties (for page size, font selection, and
+    /// everything else configurable via set and show rules).
+    pub styles: Styles,
+    /// The standard library as a value.
+    /// Used to provide the `std` variable.
+    pub std: Value,
+}
+
+impl Library {
+    /// Create a new builder for a library.
+    pub fn builder() -> LibraryBuilder {
+        LibraryBuilder::default()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Library {
+    /// Constructs the standard library with the default configuration.
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::builder().build()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Configurable builder for the standard library.
+///
+/// This struct is created by [`Library::builder`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct LibraryBuilder {
+    inputs: Option<Dict>,
+}
+
+impl LibraryBuilder {
+    /// Configure the inputs visible through `sys.inputs`.
+    pub fn with_inputs(mut self, inputs: Dict) -> Self {
+        self.inputs = Some(inputs);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Consumes the builder and returns a `Library`.
+    pub fn build(self) -> Library {
+        let math = math::module();
+        let inputs = self.inputs.unwrap_or_default();
+        let global = global(math.clone(), inputs);
+        let std = Value::Module(global.clone());
+        Library { global, math, styles: Styles::new(), std }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Construct the module with global definitions.
+fn global(math: Module, inputs: Dict) -> Module {
+    let mut global = Scope::deduplicating();
+    self::foundations::define(&mut global, inputs);
+    self::model::define(&mut global);
+    self::text::define(&mut global);
+    global.reset_category();
+    global.define_module(math);
+    self::layout::define(&mut global);
+    self::visualize::define(&mut global);
+    self::introspection::define(&mut global);
+    self::loading::define(&mut global);
+    self::symbols::define(&mut global);
+    prelude(&mut global);
+    Module::new("global", global)
+}
+
+/// Defines scoped values that are globally available, too.
+fn prelude(global: &mut Scope) {
+    global.reset_category();
+    global.define("black", Color::BLACK);
+    global.define("gray", Color::GRAY);
+    global.define("silver", Color::SILVER);
+    global.define("white", Color::WHITE);
+    global.define("navy", Color::NAVY);
+    global.define("blue", Color::BLUE);
+    global.define("aqua", Color::AQUA);
+    global.define("teal", Color::TEAL);
+    global.define("eastern", Color::EASTERN);
+    global.define("purple", Color::PURPLE);
+    global.define("fuchsia", Color::FUCHSIA);
+    global.define("maroon", Color::MAROON);
+    global.define("red", Color::RED);
+    global.define("orange", Color::ORANGE);
+    global.define("yellow", Color::YELLOW);
+    global.define("olive", Color::OLIVE);
+    global.define("green", Color::GREEN);
+    global.define("lime", Color::LIME);
+    global.define("luma", Color::luma_data());
+    global.define("oklab", Color::oklab_data());
+    global.define("oklch", Color::oklch_data());
+    global.define("rgb", Color::rgb_data());
+    global.define("cmyk", Color::cmyk_data());
+    global.define("range", Array::range_data());
+    global.define("ltr", Dir::LTR);
+    global.define("rtl", Dir::RTL);
+    global.define("ttb", Dir::TTB);
+    global.define("btt", Dir::BTT);
+    global.define("start", Alignment::START);
+    global.define("left", Alignment::LEFT);
+    global.define("center", Alignment::CENTER);
+    global.define("right", Alignment::RIGHT);
+    global.define("end", Alignment::END);
+    global.define("top", Alignment::TOP);
+    global.define("horizon", Alignment::HORIZON);
+    global.define("bottom", Alignment::BOTTOM);
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/cbor.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/cbor.rs
index e2d0f7c7..977059c3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/cbor.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/cbor.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, Bytes, Value};
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from a CBOR file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/csv.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/csv.rs
index 62a9bf69..6822505d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/csv.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/csv.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{cast, func, scope, Array, Dict, IntoValue, Type, Value};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from a CSV file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/json.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/json.rs
index d466d043..597cf4cc 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/json.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/json.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, Str, Value};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from a JSON file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/mod.rs
index a02fb9a9..ae74df86 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/mod.rs
@@ -54,14 +54,14 @@ pub enum Readable {
 }
 
 impl Readable {
-    fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[u8] {
         match self {
             Readable::Bytes(v) => v,
             Readable::Str(v) => v.as_bytes(),
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+    pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         match self {
             Readable::Str(v) => Some(v.as_str()),
             Readable::Bytes(v) => std::str::from_utf8(v).ok(),
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/read.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/read.rs
index 3bec9bd7..23e6e27e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/read.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/read.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, Cast};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads plain text or data from a file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/toml.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/toml.rs
index 17ab6b53..5167703e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/toml.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/toml.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::{is_newline, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, Str, Value};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::{is_newline, Spanned};
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from a TOML file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/xml.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/xml.rs
index fefb63c2..3b1a9674 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/xml.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/xml.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use roxmltree::ParsingOptions;
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{format_xml_like_error, At, FileError, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{dict, func, scope, Array, Dict, IntoValue, Str, Value};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from an XML file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/loading/yaml.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/yaml.rs
index 22311cf6..0e8ca3fb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/loading/yaml.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/loading/yaml.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, scope, Str, Value};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// Reads structured data from a YAML file.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/accent.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/accent.rs
index 08ed7238..a1c70b4a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/accent.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/accent.rs
@@ -1,64 +1,9 @@
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, func, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
-};
-use crate::layout::{Em, Frame, Length, Point, Rel, Size};
-use crate::math::{
-    scaled_font_size, style_cramped, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LayoutMath,
-    MathContext, MathFragment, Scaled,
-};
+use crate::diag::bail;
+use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, func, Content, NativeElement, Smart, Value};
+use crate::layout::{Length, Rel};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
 
-/// How much the accent can be shorter than the base.
-const ACCENT_SHORT_FALL: Em = Em::new(0.5);
-
-/// This macro generates accent-related functions.
-///
-/// ```ignore
-/// accents! {
-///     '\u{0300}' | '`' => grave,
-/// //  ^^^^^^^^^    ^^^    ^^^^^
-/// //  |            |      |
-/// //  |            |      +-- The name of the function.
-/// //  |            +--------- The alternative characters that represent the accent.
-/// //  +---------------------- The primary character that represents the accent.
-/// }
-/// ```
-///
-/// When combined with the `Accent::combine` function, accent characters can be normalized
-/// to the primary character.
-macro_rules! accents {
-    ($($primary:literal $(| $alt:literal)* => $name:ident),* $(,)?) => {
-        impl Accent {
-            /// Normalize an accent to a combining one.
-            pub fn combine(c: char) -> Option<char> {
-                Some(match c {
-                    $($primary $(| $alt)* => $primary,)*
-                    _ => return None,
-                })
-            }
-        }
-
-        $(
-            /// The accent function for callable symbol definitions.
-            #[func]
-            pub fn $name(
-                /// The base to which the accent is applied.
-                base: Content,
-                /// The size of the accent, relative to the width of the base.
-                #[named]
-                size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-            ) -> Content {
-                let mut accent = AccentElem::new(base, Accent::new($primary));
-                if let Some(size) = size {
-                    accent = accent.with_size(size);
-                }
-                accent.pack()
-            }
-        )+
-    };
-}
-
 /// Attaches an accent to a base.
 ///
 /// # Example
@@ -67,7 +12,7 @@ macro_rules! accents {
 /// $arrow(a) = accent(a, arrow)$ \
 /// $tilde(a) = accent(a, \u{0303})$
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
+#[elem(Mathy)]
 pub struct AccentElem {
     /// The base to which the accent is applied.
     /// May consist of multiple letters.
@@ -110,69 +55,9 @@ pub struct AccentElem {
     pub size: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<AccentElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.accent", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let cramped = style_cramped();
-        let base = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.base(), styles.chain(&cramped))?;
-
-        // Preserve class to preserve automatic spacing.
-        let base_class = base.class();
-        let base_attach = base.accent_attach();
-
-        let width = self
-            .size(styles)
-            .unwrap_or(Rel::one())
-            .at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles))
-            .relative_to(base.width());
-
-        // Forcing the accent to be at least as large as the base makes it too
-        // wide in many case.
-        let Accent(c) = self.accent();
-        let glyph = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, *c, self.span());
-        let short_fall = ACCENT_SHORT_FALL.at(glyph.font_size);
-        let variant = glyph.stretch_horizontal(ctx, width, short_fall);
-        let accent = variant.frame;
-        let accent_attach = variant.accent_attach;
-
-        // Descent is negative because the accent's ink bottom is above the
-        // baseline. Therefore, the default gap is the accent's negated descent
-        // minus the accent base height. Only if the base is very small, we need
-        // a larger gap so that the accent doesn't move too low.
-        let accent_base_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, accent_base_height);
-        let gap = -accent.descent() - base.height().min(accent_base_height);
-        let size = Size::new(base.width(), accent.height() + gap + base.height());
-        let accent_pos = Point::with_x(base_attach - accent_attach);
-        let base_pos = Point::with_y(accent.height() + gap);
-        let baseline = base_pos.y + base.ascent();
-        let base_italics_correction = base.italics_correction();
-        let base_text_like = base.is_text_like();
-
-        let base_ascent = match &base {
-            MathFragment::Frame(frame) => frame.base_ascent,
-            _ => base.ascent(),
-        };
-
-        let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-        frame.set_baseline(baseline);
-        frame.push_frame(accent_pos, accent);
-        frame.push_frame(base_pos, base.into_frame());
-        ctx.push(
-            FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
-                .with_class(base_class)
-                .with_base_ascent(base_ascent)
-                .with_italics_correction(base_italics_correction)
-                .with_accent_attach(base_attach)
-                .with_text_like(base_text_like),
-        );
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 /// An accent character.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct Accent(char);
+pub struct Accent(pub char);
 
 impl Accent {
     /// Normalize a character into an accent.
@@ -181,6 +66,53 @@ impl Accent {
     }
 }
 
+/// This macro generates accent-related functions.
+///
+/// ```ignore
+/// accents! {
+///     '\u{0300}' | '`' => grave,
+/// //  ^^^^^^^^^    ^^^    ^^^^^
+/// //  |            |      |
+/// //  |            |      +-- The name of the function.
+/// //  |            +--------- The alternative characters that represent the accent.
+/// //  +---------------------- The primary character that represents the accent.
+/// }
+/// ```
+///
+/// When combined with the `Accent::combine` function, accent characters can be normalized
+/// to the primary character.
+macro_rules! accents {
+    ($($primary:literal $(| $alt:literal)* => $name:ident),* $(,)?) => {
+        impl Accent {
+            /// Normalize an accent to a combining one.
+            pub fn combine(c: char) -> Option<char> {
+                Some(match c {
+                    $($primary $(| $alt)* => $primary,)*
+                    _ => return None,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+
+        $(
+            /// The accent function for callable symbol definitions.
+            #[func]
+            pub fn $name(
+                /// The base to which the accent is applied.
+                base: Content,
+                /// The size of the accent, relative to the width of the base.
+                #[named]
+                size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+            ) -> Content {
+                let mut accent = AccentElem::new(base, Accent::new($primary));
+                if let Some(size) = size {
+                    accent = accent.with_size(size);
+                }
+                accent.pack()
+            }
+        )+
+    };
+}
+
 // Keep it synced with the documenting table above.
 accents! {
     '\u{0300}' | '`' => grave,
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/attach.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/attach.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74eabd10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/attach.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Smart};
+use crate::layout::{Length, Rel};
+use crate::math::{EquationElem, Mathy};
+
+/// A base with optional attachments.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ attach(
+///   Pi, t: alpha, b: beta,
+///   tl: 1, tr: 2+3, bl: 4+5, br: 6,
+/// ) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct AttachElem {
+    /// The base to which things are attached.
+    #[required]
+    pub base: Content,
+
+    /// The top attachment, smartly positioned at top-right or above the base.
+    ///
+    /// You can wrap the base in `{limits()}` or `{scripts()}` to override the
+    /// smart positioning.
+    pub t: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The bottom attachment, smartly positioned at the bottom-right or below
+    /// the base.
+    ///
+    /// You can wrap the base in `{limits()}` or `{scripts()}` to override the
+    /// smart positioning.
+    pub b: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The top-left attachment (before the base).
+    pub tl: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The bottom-left attachment (before base).
+    pub bl: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The top-right attachment (after the base).
+    pub tr: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The bottom-right attachment (after the base).
+    pub br: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+impl Packed<AttachElem> {
+    /// If an AttachElem's base is also an AttachElem, merge attachments into the
+    /// base AttachElem where possible.
+    pub fn merge_base(&self) -> Option<Self> {
+        // Extract from an EquationElem.
+        let mut base = self.base();
+        if let Some(equation) = base.to_packed::<EquationElem>() {
+            base = equation.body();
+        }
+
+        // Move attachments from elem into base where possible.
+        if let Some(base) = base.to_packed::<AttachElem>() {
+            let mut elem = self.clone();
+            let mut base = base.clone();
+
+            macro_rules! merge {
+                ($content:ident) => {
+                    if base.$content.is_none() && elem.$content.is_some() {
+                        base.$content = elem.$content.clone();
+                        elem.$content = None;
+                    }
+                };
+            }
+
+            merge!(t);
+            merge!(b);
+            merge!(tl);
+            merge!(tr);
+            merge!(bl);
+            merge!(br);
+
+            elem.base = base.pack();
+            return Some(elem);
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+/// Grouped primes.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ a'''_b = a^'''_b $
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax: use apostrophes instead of primes. They
+/// will automatically attach to the previous element, moving superscripts to
+/// the next level.
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct PrimesElem {
+    /// The number of grouped primes.
+    #[required]
+    pub count: usize,
+}
+
+/// Forces a base to display attachments as scripts.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ scripts(sum)_1^2 != sum_1^2 $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct ScriptsElem {
+    /// The base to attach the scripts to.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+/// Forces a base to display attachments as limits.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ limits(A)_1^2 != A_1^2 $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct LimitsElem {
+    /// The base to attach the limits to.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// Whether to also force limits in inline equations.
+    ///
+    /// When applying limits globally (e.g., through a show rule), it is
+    /// typically a good idea to disable this.
+    #[default(true)]
+    pub inline: bool,
+}
+
+/// Stretches a glyph.
+///
+/// This function can also be used to automatically stretch the base of an
+/// attachment, so that it fits the top and bottom attachments.
+///
+/// Note that only some glyphs can be stretched, and which ones can depend on
+/// the math font being used. However, most math fonts are the same in this
+/// regard.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ H stretch(=)^"define" U + p V $
+/// $ f : X stretch(->>, size: #150%)_"surjective" Y $
+/// $ x stretch(harpoons.ltrb, size: #3em) y
+///     stretch(\[, size: #150%) z $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct StretchElem {
+    /// The glyph to stretch.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The size to stretch to, relative to the maximum size of the glyph and
+    /// its attachments.
+    pub size: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/cancel.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/cancel.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a72505c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/cancel.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, Content, Func, Smart};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Angle, Length, Ratio, Rel};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+use crate::visualize::Stroke;
+
+/// Displays a diagonal line over a part of an equation.
+///
+/// This is commonly used to show the elimination of a term.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+/// Here, we can simplify:
+/// $ (a dot b dot cancel(x)) /
+///     cancel(x) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct CancelElem {
+    /// The content over which the line should be placed.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The length of the line, relative to the length of the diagonal spanning
+    /// the whole element being "cancelled". A value of `{100%}` would then have
+    /// the line span precisely the element's diagonal.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+    /// $ a + cancel(x, length: #200%)
+    ///     - cancel(x, length: #200%) $
+    /// ```
+    #[default(Rel::new(Ratio::one(), Abs::pt(3.0).into()))]
+    pub length: Rel<Length>,
+
+    /// Whether the cancel line should be inverted (flipped along the y-axis).
+    /// For the default angle setting, inverted means the cancel line
+    /// points to the top left instead of top right.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+    /// $ (a cancel((b + c), inverted: #true)) /
+    ///     cancel(b + c, inverted: #true) $
+    /// ```
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub inverted: bool,
+
+    /// Whether two opposing cancel lines should be drawn, forming a cross over
+    /// the element. Overrides `inverted`.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+    /// $ cancel(Pi, cross: #true) $
+    /// ```
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub cross: bool,
+
+    /// How much to rotate the cancel line.
+    ///
+    /// - If given an angle, the line is rotated by that angle clockwise with
+    ///   respect to the y-axis.
+    /// - If `{auto}`, the line assumes the default angle; that is, along the
+    ///   rising diagonal of the content box.
+    /// - If given a function `angle => angle`, the line is rotated, with
+    ///   respect to the y-axis, by the angle returned by that function. The
+    ///   function receives the default angle as its input.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+    /// $ cancel(Pi)
+    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #0deg)
+    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #45deg)
+    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #90deg)
+    ///   cancel(1/(1+x), angle: #(a => a + 45deg))
+    ///   cancel(1/(1+x), angle: #(a => a + 90deg)) $
+    /// ```
+    pub angle: Smart<CancelAngle>,
+
+    /// How to [stroke]($stroke) the cancel line.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
+    /// $ cancel(
+    ///   sum x,
+    ///   stroke: #(
+    ///     paint: red,
+    ///     thickness: 1.5pt,
+    ///     dash: "dashed",
+    ///   ),
+    /// ) $
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Stroke {
+        // Default stroke has 0.5pt for better visuals.
+        thickness: Smart::Custom(Abs::pt(0.5).into()),
+        ..Default::default()
+    })]
+    pub stroke: Stroke,
+}
+
+/// Defines the cancel line.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum CancelAngle {
+    Angle(Angle),
+    Func(Func),
+}
+
+cast! {
+    CancelAngle,
+    self => match self {
+        Self::Angle(v) => v.into_value(),
+        Self::Func(v) => v.into_value()
+    },
+    v: Angle => CancelAngle::Angle(v),
+    v: Func => CancelAngle::Func(v),
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/equation.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/equation.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4edafe5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/equation.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
+
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, ShowSet, Smart, StyleChain, Styles,
+    Synthesize,
+};
+use crate::introspection::{Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable};
+use crate::layout::{
+    AlignElem, Alignment, BlockElem, InlineElem, OuterHAlignment, SpecificAlignment,
+    VAlignment,
+};
+use crate::math::{MathSize, MathVariant};
+use crate::model::{Numbering, Outlinable, ParLine, Refable, Supplement};
+use crate::text::{FontFamily, FontList, FontWeight, LocalName, TextElem};
+
+/// A mathematical equation.
+///
+/// Can be displayed inline with text or as a separate block.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// #set text(font: "New Computer Modern")
+///
+/// Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be the side
+/// lengths of right-angled triangle.
+/// Then, we know that:
+/// $ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 $
+///
+/// Prove by induction:
+/// $ sum_(k=1)^n k = (n(n+1)) / 2 $
+/// ```
+///
+/// By default, block-level equations will not break across pages. This can be
+/// changed through `{show math.equation: set block(breakable: true)}`.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function also has dedicated syntax: Write mathematical markup within
+/// dollar signs to create an equation. Starting and ending the equation with at
+/// least one space lifts it into a separate block that is centered
+/// horizontally. For more details about math syntax, see the
+/// [main math page]($category/math).
+#[elem(Locatable, Synthesize, Show, ShowSet, Count, LocalName, Refable, Outlinable)]
+pub struct EquationElem {
+    /// Whether the equation is displayed as a separate block.
+    #[default(false)]
+    pub block: bool,
+
+    /// How to [number]($numbering) block-level equations.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)")
+    ///
+    /// We define:
+    /// $ phi.alt := (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2 $ <ratio>
+    ///
+    /// With @ratio, we get:
+    /// $ F_n = floor(1 / sqrt(5) phi.alt^n) $
+    /// ```
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub numbering: Option<Numbering>,
+
+    /// The alignment of the equation numbering.
+    ///
+    /// By default, the alignment is `{end + horizon}`. For the horizontal
+    /// component, you can use `{right}`, `{left}`, or `{start}` and `{end}`
+    /// of the text direction; for the vertical component, you can use
+    /// `{top}`, `{horizon}`, or `{bottom}`.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)", number-align: bottom)
+    ///
+    /// We can calculate:
+    /// $ E &= sqrt(m_0^2 + p^2) \
+    ///     &approx 125 "GeV" $
+    /// ```
+    #[default(SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, VAlignment::Horizon))]
+    pub number_align: SpecificAlignment<OuterHAlignment, VAlignment>,
+
+    /// A supplement for the equation.
+    ///
+    /// For references to equations, this is added before the referenced number.
+    ///
+    /// If a function is specified, it is passed the referenced equation and
+    /// should return content.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)", supplement: [Eq.])
+    ///
+    /// We define:
+    /// $ phi.alt := (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2 $ <ratio>
+    ///
+    /// With @ratio, we get:
+    /// $ F_n = floor(1 / sqrt(5) phi.alt^n) $
+    /// ```
+    pub supplement: Smart<Option<Supplement>>,
+
+    /// The contents of the equation.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The size of the glyphs.
+    #[internal]
+    #[default(MathSize::Text)]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub size: MathSize,
+
+    /// The style variant to select.
+    #[internal]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub variant: MathVariant,
+
+    /// Affects the height of exponents.
+    #[internal]
+    #[default(false)]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub cramped: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to use bold glyphs.
+    #[internal]
+    #[default(false)]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub bold: bool,
+
+    /// Whether to use italic glyphs.
+    #[internal]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub italic: Smart<bool>,
+
+    /// A forced class to use for all fragment.
+    #[internal]
+    #[ghost]
+    pub class: Option<MathClass>,
+}
+
+impl Synthesize for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn synthesize(
+        &mut self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+        let supplement = match self.as_ref().supplement(styles) {
+            Smart::Auto => TextElem::packed(Self::local_name_in(styles)),
+            Smart::Custom(None) => Content::empty(),
+            Smart::Custom(Some(supplement)) => {
+                supplement.resolve(engine, styles, [self.clone().pack()])?
+            }
+        };
+
+        self.push_supplement(Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(supplement))));
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if self.block(styles) {
+            Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(
+                self.clone(),
+                engine.routines.layout_equation_block,
+            )
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+        } else {
+            Ok(InlineElem::layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_equation_inline)
+                .pack()
+                .spanned(self.span()))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ShowSet for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn show_set(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Styles {
+        let mut out = Styles::new();
+        if self.block(styles) {
+            out.set(AlignElem::set_alignment(Alignment::CENTER));
+            out.set(BlockElem::set_breakable(false));
+            out.set(ParLine::set_numbering(None));
+            out.set(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Display));
+        } else {
+            out.set(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Text));
+        }
+        out.set(TextElem::set_weight(FontWeight::from_number(450)));
+        out.set(TextElem::set_font(FontList(vec![FontFamily::new(
+            "New Computer Modern Math",
+        )])));
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+impl Count for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn update(&self) -> Option<CounterUpdate> {
+        (self.block(StyleChain::default()) && self.numbering().is_some())
+            .then(|| CounterUpdate::Step(NonZeroUsize::ONE))
+    }
+}
+
+impl LocalName for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    const KEY: &'static str = "equation";
+}
+
+impl Refable for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn supplement(&self) -> Content {
+        // After synthesis, this should always be custom content.
+        match (**self).supplement(StyleChain::default()) {
+            Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(content))) => content,
+            _ => Content::empty(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn counter(&self) -> Counter {
+        Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
+    }
+
+    fn numbering(&self) -> Option<&Numbering> {
+        (**self).numbering(StyleChain::default()).as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Outlinable for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn outline(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Option<Content>> {
+        if !self.block(StyleChain::default()) {
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+        let Some(numbering) = self.numbering() else {
+            return Ok(None);
+        };
+
+        // After synthesis, this should always be custom content.
+        let mut supplement = match (**self).supplement(StyleChain::default()) {
+            Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(content))) => content,
+            _ => Content::empty(),
+        };
+
+        if !supplement.is_empty() {
+            supplement += TextElem::packed("\u{a0}");
+        }
+
+        let numbers = self.counter().display_at_loc(
+            engine,
+            self.location().unwrap(),
+            styles,
+            numbering,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(Some(supplement + numbers))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/frac.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/frac.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5c4514d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/frac.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
+
+use crate::diag::bail;
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Value};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+
+/// A mathematical fraction.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// $ 1/2 < (x+1)/2 $
+/// $ ((x+1)) / 2 = frac(a, b) $
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function also has dedicated syntax: Use a slash to turn neighbouring
+/// expressions into a fraction. Multiple atoms can be grouped into a single
+/// expression using round grouping parenthesis. Such parentheses are removed
+/// from the output, but you can nest multiple to force them.
+#[elem(title = "Fraction", Mathy)]
+pub struct FracElem {
+    /// The fraction's numerator.
+    #[required]
+    pub num: Content,
+
+    /// The fraction's denominator.
+    #[required]
+    pub denom: Content,
+}
+
+/// A binomial expression.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// $ binom(n, k) $
+/// $ binom(n, k_1, k_2, k_3, ..., k_m) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(title = "Binomial", Mathy)]
+pub struct BinomElem {
+    /// The binomial's upper index.
+    #[required]
+    pub upper: Content,
+
+    /// The binomial's lower index.
+    #[required]
+    #[variadic]
+    #[parse(
+        let values = args.all::<Spanned<Value>>()?;
+        if values.is_empty() {
+            // Prevents one element binomials
+            bail!(args.span, "missing argument: lower");
+        }
+        values.into_iter().map(|spanned| spanned.v.display()).collect()
+    )]
+    pub lower: Vec<Content>,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/lr.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/lr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07ab0dd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/lr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+use crate::foundations::{elem, func, Content, NativeElement, Smart};
+use crate::layout::{Length, Rel};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+use crate::text::TextElem;
+
+/// Scales delimiters.
+///
+/// While matched delimiters scale by default, this can be used to scale
+/// unmatched delimiters and to control the delimiter scaling more precisely.
+#[elem(title = "Left/Right", Mathy)]
+pub struct LrElem {
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    pub size: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The delimited content, including the delimiters.
+    #[required]
+    #[parse(
+        let mut arguments = args.all::<Content>()?.into_iter();
+        let mut body = arguments.next().unwrap_or_default();
+        arguments.for_each(|arg| body += TextElem::packed(',') + arg);
+        body
+    )]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+/// Scales delimiters vertically to the nearest surrounding `{lr()}` group.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ { x mid(|) sum_(i=1)^n w_i|f_i (x)| < 1 } $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct MidElem {
+    /// The content to be scaled.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+/// Floors an expression.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ floor(x/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func]
+pub fn floor(
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    #[named]
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+    /// The expression to floor.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    delimited(body, '⌊', '⌋', size)
+}
+
+/// Ceils an expression.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ ceil(x/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func]
+pub fn ceil(
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    #[named]
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+    /// The expression to ceil.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    delimited(body, '⌈', '⌉', size)
+}
+
+/// Rounds an expression.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ round(x/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func]
+pub fn round(
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    #[named]
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+    /// The expression to round.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    delimited(body, '⌊', '⌉', size)
+}
+
+/// Takes the absolute value of an expression.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ abs(x/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func]
+pub fn abs(
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    #[named]
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+    /// The expression to take the absolute value of.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    delimited(body, '|', '|', size)
+}
+
+/// Takes the norm of an expression.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ norm(x/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func]
+pub fn norm(
+    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
+    #[named]
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+    /// The expression to take the norm of.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    delimited(body, '‖', '‖', size)
+}
+
+fn delimited(
+    body: Content,
+    left: char,
+    right: char,
+    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
+) -> Content {
+    let span = body.span();
+    let mut elem = LrElem::new(Content::sequence([
+        TextElem::packed(left),
+        body,
+        TextElem::packed(right),
+    ]));
+    // Push size only if size is provided
+    if let Some(size) = size {
+        elem.push_size(size);
+    }
+    elem.pack().spanned(span)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/matrix.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/matrix.rs
index 66b83e20..1c788995 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/matrix.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/matrix.rs
@@ -1,30 +1,19 @@
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedStrResult, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use crate::diag::{bail, At, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
-    array, cast, dict, elem, Array, Content, Dict, Fold, NoneValue, Packed, Resolve,
-    Smart, StyleChain, Value,
+    array, cast, dict, elem, Array, Content, Dict, Fold, NoneValue, Resolve, Smart,
+    StyleChain, Symbol, Value,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Em, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, HAlignment, Length, Point, Ratio,
-    Rel, Size,
-};
-use crate::math::{
-    alignments, delimiter_alignment, scaled_font_size, stack, style_for_denominator,
-    AlignmentResult, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LayoutMath, LeftRightAlternator,
-    MathContext, Scaled, DELIM_SHORT_FALL,
-};
-use crate::symbols::Symbol;
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-use crate::visualize::{FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, LineCap, Shape, Stroke};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, HAlignment, Length, Rel};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+use crate::visualize::Stroke;
 
 const DEFAULT_ROW_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.2);
 const DEFAULT_COL_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.5);
-const VERTICAL_PADDING: Ratio = Ratio::new(0.1);
-const DEFAULT_STROKE_THICKNESS: Em = Em::new(0.05);
 
 /// A column vector.
 ///
@@ -36,7 +25,7 @@ const DEFAULT_STROKE_THICKNESS: Em = Em::new(0.05);
 /// $ vec(a, b, c) dot vec(1, 2, 3)
 ///     = a + 2b + 3c $
 /// ```
-#[elem(title = "Vector", LayoutMath)]
+#[elem(title = "Vector", Mathy)]
 pub struct VecElem {
     /// The delimiter to use.
     ///
@@ -75,23 +64,6 @@ pub struct VecElem {
     pub children: Vec<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<VecElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.vec", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let delim = self.delim(styles);
-        let frame = layout_vec_body(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.children(),
-            self.align(styles),
-            self.gap(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles)),
-            LeftRightAlternator::Right,
-        )?;
-
-        layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, delim.open(), delim.close(), self.span())
-    }
-}
-
 /// A matrix.
 ///
 /// The elements of a row should be separated by commas, while the rows
@@ -113,7 +85,7 @@ impl LayoutMath for Packed<VecElem> {
 ///   10, 10, ..., 10;
 /// ) $
 /// ```
-#[elem(title = "Matrix", LayoutMath)]
+#[elem(title = "Matrix", Mathy)]
 pub struct MatElem {
     /// The delimiter to use.
     ///
@@ -241,56 +213,6 @@ pub struct MatElem {
     pub rows: Vec<Vec<Content>>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<MatElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.mat", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let augment = self.augment(styles);
-        let rows = self.rows();
-
-        if let Some(aug) = &augment {
-            for &offset in &aug.hline.0 {
-                if offset == 0 || offset.unsigned_abs() >= rows.len() {
-                    bail!(
-                        self.span(),
-                        "cannot draw a horizontal line after row {} of a matrix with {} rows",
-                        if offset < 0 { rows.len() as isize + offset } else { offset },
-                        rows.len()
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-
-            let ncols = self.rows().first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
-
-            for &offset in &aug.vline.0 {
-                if offset == 0 || offset.unsigned_abs() >= ncols {
-                    bail!(
-                        self.span(),
-                        "cannot draw a vertical line after column {} of a matrix with {} columns",
-                        if offset < 0 { ncols as isize + offset } else { offset },
-                        ncols
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
-        let column_gap = self.column_gap(styles).at(font_size);
-        let row_gap = self.row_gap(styles).at(font_size);
-        let delim = self.delim(styles);
-        let frame = layout_mat_body(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            rows,
-            self.align(styles),
-            augment,
-            Axes::new(column_gap, row_gap),
-            self.span(),
-        )?;
-
-        layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, delim.open(), delim.close(), self.span())
-    }
-}
-
 /// A case distinction.
 ///
 /// Content across different branches can be aligned with the `&` symbol.
@@ -304,7 +226,7 @@ impl LayoutMath for Packed<MatElem> {
 ///   4 "else",
 /// ) $
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
+#[elem(Mathy)]
 pub struct CasesElem {
     /// The delimiter to use.
     ///
@@ -342,29 +264,6 @@ pub struct CasesElem {
     pub children: Vec<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<CasesElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.cases", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let delim = self.delim(styles);
-        let frame = layout_vec_body(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.children(),
-            FixedAlignment::Start,
-            self.gap(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles)),
-            LeftRightAlternator::None,
-        )?;
-
-        let (open, close) = if self.reverse(styles) {
-            (None, delim.close())
-        } else {
-            (delim.open(), None)
-        };
-
-        layout_delimiters(ctx, styles, frame, open, close, self.span())
-    }
-}
-
 /// A delimiter is a single character that is used to delimit a matrix, vector
 /// or cases. The character has to be a Unicode codepoint tagged as a math
 /// "opening", "closing" or "fence".
@@ -372,7 +271,7 @@ impl LayoutMath for Packed<CasesElem> {
 /// Typically, the delimiter is stretched to fit the height of whatever it
 /// delimits.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-struct Delimiter(Option<char>);
+pub struct Delimiter(Option<char>);
 
 cast! {
     Delimiter,
@@ -383,11 +282,11 @@ cast! {
 }
 
 impl Delimiter {
-    fn none() -> Self {
+    pub fn none() -> Self {
         Self(None)
     }
 
-    fn char(c: char) -> StrResult<Self> {
+    pub fn char(c: char) -> StrResult<Self> {
         if !matches!(
             unicode_math_class::class(c),
             Some(MathClass::Opening | MathClass::Closing | MathClass::Fence),
@@ -397,11 +296,11 @@ impl Delimiter {
         Ok(Self(Some(c)))
     }
 
-    fn get(self) -> Option<char> {
+    pub fn get(self) -> Option<char> {
         self.0
     }
 
-    fn find_matching(self) -> Self {
+    pub fn find_matching(self) -> Self {
         match self.0 {
             None => Self::none(),
             Some('[') => Self(Some(']')),
@@ -451,235 +350,16 @@ impl DelimiterPair {
     };
 
     /// The delimiter's opening character.
-    fn open(self) -> Option<char> {
+    pub fn open(self) -> Option<char> {
         self.open.get()
     }
 
     /// The delimiter's closing character.
-    fn close(self) -> Option<char> {
+    pub fn close(self) -> Option<char> {
         self.close.get()
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the inner contents of a vector.
-fn layout_vec_body(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    column: &[Content],
-    align: FixedAlignment,
-    row_gap: Rel<Abs>,
-    alternator: LeftRightAlternator,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let gap = row_gap.relative_to(ctx.region.size.y);
-
-    let denom_style = style_for_denominator(styles);
-    let mut flat = vec![];
-    for child in column {
-        flat.push(ctx.layout_into_run(child, styles.chain(&denom_style))?);
-    }
-    // We pad ascent and descent with the ascent and descent of the paren
-    // to ensure that normal vectors are aligned with others unless they are
-    // way too big.
-    let paren =
-        GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles.chain(&denom_style), '(', Span::detached());
-    Ok(stack(flat, align, gap, 0, alternator, Some((paren.ascent, paren.descent))))
-}
-
-/// Layout the inner contents of a matrix.
-fn layout_mat_body(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    rows: &[Vec<Content>],
-    align: FixedAlignment,
-    augment: Option<Augment<Abs>>,
-    gap: Axes<Rel<Abs>>,
-    span: Span,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let ncols = rows.first().map_or(0, |row| row.len());
-    let nrows = rows.len();
-    if ncols == 0 || nrows == 0 {
-        return Ok(Frame::soft(Size::zero()));
-    }
-
-    let gap = gap.zip_map(ctx.region.size, Rel::relative_to);
-    let half_gap = gap * 0.5;
-
-    // We provide a default stroke thickness that scales
-    // with font size to ensure that augmentation lines
-    // look correct by default at all matrix sizes.
-    // The line cap is also set to square because it looks more "correct".
-    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
-    let default_stroke_thickness = DEFAULT_STROKE_THICKNESS.at(font_size);
-    let default_stroke = FixedStroke {
-        thickness: default_stroke_thickness,
-        paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
-        cap: LineCap::Square,
-        ..Default::default()
-    };
-
-    let (hline, vline, stroke) = match augment {
-        Some(augment) => {
-            // We need to get stroke here for ownership.
-            let stroke = augment.stroke.unwrap_or_default().unwrap_or(default_stroke);
-            (augment.hline, augment.vline, stroke)
-        }
-        _ => (AugmentOffsets::default(), AugmentOffsets::default(), default_stroke),
-    };
-
-    // Before the full matrix body can be laid out, the
-    // individual cells must first be independently laid out
-    // so we can ensure alignment across rows and columns.
-
-    // This variable stores the maximum ascent and descent for each row.
-    let mut heights = vec![(Abs::zero(), Abs::zero()); nrows];
-
-    // We want to transpose our data layout to columns
-    // before final layout. For efficiency, the columns
-    // variable is set up here and newly generated
-    // individual cells are then added to it.
-    let mut cols = vec![vec![]; ncols];
-
-    let denom_style = style_for_denominator(styles);
-    // We pad ascent and descent with the ascent and descent of the paren
-    // to ensure that normal matrices are aligned with others unless they are
-    // way too big.
-    let paren =
-        GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles.chain(&denom_style), '(', Span::detached());
-
-    for (row, (ascent, descent)) in rows.iter().zip(&mut heights) {
-        for (cell, col) in row.iter().zip(&mut cols) {
-            let cell = ctx.layout_into_run(cell, styles.chain(&denom_style))?;
-
-            ascent.set_max(cell.ascent().max(paren.ascent));
-            descent.set_max(cell.descent().max(paren.descent));
-
-            col.push(cell);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // For each row, combine maximum ascent and descent into a row height.
-    // Sum the row heights, then add the total height of the gaps between rows.
-    let total_height =
-        heights.iter().map(|&(a, b)| a + b).sum::<Abs>() + gap.y * (nrows - 1) as f64;
-
-    // Width starts at zero because it can't be calculated until later
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(Abs::zero(), total_height));
-
-    let mut x = Abs::zero();
-
-    for (index, col) in cols.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        let AlignmentResult { points, width: rcol } = alignments(&col);
-
-        let mut y = Abs::zero();
-
-        for (cell, &(ascent, descent)) in col.into_iter().zip(&heights) {
-            let cell = cell.into_line_frame(&points, LeftRightAlternator::Right);
-            let pos = Point::new(
-                if points.is_empty() {
-                    x + align.position(rcol - cell.width())
-                } else {
-                    x
-                },
-                y + ascent - cell.ascent(),
-            );
-
-            frame.push_frame(pos, cell);
-
-            y += ascent + descent + gap.y;
-        }
-
-        // Advance to the end of the column
-        x += rcol;
-
-        // If a vertical line should be inserted after this column
-        if vline.0.contains(&(index as isize + 1))
-            || vline.0.contains(&(1 - ((ncols - index) as isize)))
-        {
-            frame.push(
-                Point::with_x(x + half_gap.x),
-                line_item(total_height, true, stroke.clone(), span),
-            );
-        }
-
-        // Advance to the start of the next column
-        x += gap.x;
-    }
-
-    // Once all the columns are laid out, the total width can be calculated
-    let total_width = x - gap.x;
-
-    // This allows the horizontal lines to be laid out
-    for line in hline.0 {
-        let real_line =
-            if line < 0 { nrows - line.unsigned_abs() } else { line as usize };
-        let offset = (heights[0..real_line].iter().map(|&(a, b)| a + b).sum::<Abs>()
-            + gap.y * (real_line - 1) as f64)
-            + half_gap.y;
-
-        frame.push(
-            Point::with_y(offset),
-            line_item(total_width, false, stroke.clone(), span),
-        );
-    }
-
-    frame.size_mut().x = total_width;
-
-    Ok(frame)
-}
-
-fn line_item(length: Abs, vertical: bool, stroke: FixedStroke, span: Span) -> FrameItem {
-    let line_geom = if vertical {
-        Geometry::Line(Point::with_y(length))
-    } else {
-        Geometry::Line(Point::with_x(length))
-    };
-
-    FrameItem::Shape(
-        Shape {
-            geometry: line_geom,
-            fill: None,
-            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
-            stroke: Some(stroke),
-        },
-        span,
-    )
-}
-
-/// Layout the outer wrapper around the body of a vector or matrix.
-fn layout_delimiters(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    mut frame: Frame,
-    left: Option<char>,
-    right: Option<char>,
-    span: Span,
-) -> SourceResult<()> {
-    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
-    let short_fall = DELIM_SHORT_FALL.at(font_size);
-    let axis = ctx.constants.axis_height().scaled(ctx, font_size);
-    let height = frame.height();
-    let target = height + VERTICAL_PADDING.of(height);
-    frame.set_baseline(height / 2.0 + axis);
-
-    if let Some(left) = left {
-        let mut left = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, left, span)
-            .stretch_vertical(ctx, target, short_fall);
-        left.align_on_axis(ctx, delimiter_alignment(left.c));
-        ctx.push(left);
-    }
-
-    ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame));
-
-    if let Some(right) = right {
-        let mut right = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, right, span)
-            .stretch_vertical(ctx, target, short_fall);
-        right.align_on_axis(ctx, delimiter_alignment(right.c));
-        ctx.push(right);
-    }
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Parameters specifying how augmentation lines
 /// should be drawn on a matrix.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
@@ -758,7 +438,7 @@ cast! {
 
 /// The offsets at which augmentation lines should be drawn on a matrix.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct AugmentOffsets(SmallVec<[isize; 1]>);
+pub struct AugmentOffsets(pub SmallVec<[isize; 1]>);
 
 cast! {
     AugmentOffsets,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/mod.rs
index 2c5c32cb..53b1f072 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/mod.rs
@@ -1,50 +1,36 @@
 //! Mathematical formulas.
 
-#[macro_use]
-mod ctx;
-
 pub mod accent;
-
-mod align;
 mod attach;
 mod cancel;
-#[path = "class.rs"]
-mod class_;
 mod equation;
 mod frac;
-mod fragment;
 mod lr;
 mod matrix;
 mod op;
 mod root;
-mod row;
-mod spacing;
-mod stretch;
 mod style;
 mod underover;
 
 pub use self::accent::{Accent, AccentElem};
-pub use self::align::*;
 pub use self::attach::*;
 pub use self::cancel::*;
-pub use self::class_::*;
 pub use self::equation::*;
 pub use self::frac::*;
 pub use self::lr::*;
 pub use self::matrix::*;
 pub use self::op::*;
 pub use self::root::*;
-pub use self::stretch::*;
 pub use self::style::*;
 pub use self::underover::*;
 
-use self::ctx::*;
-use self::fragment::*;
-use self::row::*;
-use self::spacing::*;
+use typst_utils::singleton;
+use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{category, Category, Module, Scope, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    category, elem, Category, Content, Module, NativeElement, Scope,
+};
+use crate::layout::{Em, HElem};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
 
 /// Typst has special [syntax]($syntax/#math) and library functions to typeset
@@ -152,6 +138,13 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 #[category]
 pub static MATH: Category;
 
+// Spacings.
+pub const THIN: Em = Em::new(1.0 / 6.0);
+pub const MEDIUM: Em = Em::new(2.0 / 9.0);
+pub const THICK: Em = Em::new(5.0 / 18.0);
+pub const QUAD: Em = Em::new(1.0);
+pub const WIDE: Em = Em::new(2.0);
+
 /// Create a module with all math definitions.
 pub fn module() -> Module {
     let mut math = Scope::deduplicating();
@@ -203,9 +196,17 @@ pub fn module() -> Module {
     math.define_func::<script>();
     math.define_func::<sscript>();
 
-    // Text operators, spacings, and symbols.
+    // Text operators.
     op::define(&mut math);
-    spacing::define(&mut math);
+
+    // Spacings.
+    math.define("thin", HElem::new(THIN.into()).pack());
+    math.define("med", HElem::new(MEDIUM.into()).pack());
+    math.define("thick", HElem::new(THICK.into()).pack());
+    math.define("quad", HElem::new(QUAD.into()).pack());
+    math.define("wide", HElem::new(WIDE.into()).pack());
+
+    // Symbols.
     for (name, symbol) in crate::symbols::SYM {
         math.define(*name, symbol.clone());
     }
@@ -213,8 +214,44 @@ pub fn module() -> Module {
     Module::new("math", math)
 }
 
-/// Layout for math elements.
-pub trait LayoutMath {
-    /// Layout the element, producing fragment in the context.
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()>;
+/// Trait for recognizing math elements and auto-wrapping them in equations.
+pub trait Mathy {}
+
+/// A math alignment point: `&`, `&&`.
+#[elem(title = "Alignment Point", Mathy)]
+pub struct AlignPointElem {}
+
+impl AlignPointElem {
+    /// Get the globally shared alignment point element.
+    pub fn shared() -> &'static Content {
+        singleton!(Content, AlignPointElem::new().pack())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Forced use of a certain math class.
+///
+/// This is useful to treat certain symbols as if they were of a different
+/// class, e.g. to make a symbol behave like a relation. The class of a symbol
+/// defines the way it is laid out, including spacing around it, and how its
+/// scripts are attached by default. Note that the latter can always be
+/// overridden using [`{limits}`](math.limits) and [`{scripts}`](math.scripts).
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// #let loves = math.class(
+///   "relation",
+///   sym.suit.heart,
+/// )
+///
+/// $x loves y and y loves 5$
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct ClassElem {
+    /// The class to apply to the content.
+    #[required]
+    pub class: MathClass,
+
+    /// The content to which the class is applied.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/op.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/op.rs
index 8e93b4e4..ef24705a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/op.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/op.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Scope, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Scope};
 use crate::layout::HElem;
-use crate::math::{upright, FrameFragment, LayoutMath, Limits, MathContext, THIN};
+use crate::math::{upright, Mathy, THIN};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
 
 /// A text operator in an equation.
@@ -22,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 /// `gcd`, `hom`, `id`, `im`, `inf`, `ker`, `lg`, `lim`, `liminf`, `limsup`,
 /// `ln`, `log`, `max`, `min`, `mod`, `Pr`, `sec`, `sech`, `sin`, `sinc`,
 /// `sinh`, `sup`, `tan`, `tanh`, `tg` and `tr`.
-#[elem(title = "Text Operator", LayoutMath)]
+#[elem(title = "Text Operator", Mathy)]
 pub struct OpElem {
     /// The operator's text.
     #[required]
@@ -33,30 +31,6 @@ pub struct OpElem {
     pub limits: bool,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OpElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.op", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.text(), styles)?;
-        let italics = fragment.italics_correction();
-        let accent_attach = fragment.accent_attach();
-        let text_like = fragment.is_text_like();
-
-        ctx.push(
-            FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, fragment.into_frame())
-                .with_class(MathClass::Large)
-                .with_italics_correction(italics)
-                .with_accent_attach(accent_attach)
-                .with_text_like(text_like)
-                .with_limits(if self.limits(styles) {
-                    Limits::Display
-                } else {
-                    Limits::Never
-                }),
-        );
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
 macro_rules! ops {
     ($($name:ident $(: $value:literal)? $(($tts:tt))?),* $(,)?) => {
         pub(super) fn define(math: &mut Scope) {
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/root.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/root.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e25c6d42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/root.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use crate::foundations::{elem, func, Content, NativeElement};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+
+/// A square root.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ sqrt(3 - 2 sqrt(2)) = sqrt(2) - 1 $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Square Root")]
+pub fn sqrt(
+    /// The call span of this function.
+    span: Span,
+    /// The expression to take the square root of.
+    radicand: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    RootElem::new(radicand).pack().spanned(span)
+}
+
+/// A general root.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ root(3, x) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct RootElem {
+    /// Which root of the radicand to take.
+    #[positional]
+    pub index: Option<Content>,
+
+    /// The expression to take the root of.
+    #[required]
+    pub radicand: Content,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/style.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/style.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3d28f2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/style.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+use crate::foundations::{func, Cast, Content, Smart};
+use crate::math::EquationElem;
+
+/// Bold font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ bold(A) := B^+ $
+/// ```
+#[func(keywords = ["mathbf"])]
+pub fn bold(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_bold(true))
+}
+
+/// Upright (non-italic) font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ upright(A) != A $
+/// ```
+#[func(keywords = ["mathup"])]
+pub fn upright(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_italic(Smart::Custom(false)))
+}
+
+/// Italic font style in math.
+///
+/// For roman letters and greek lowercase letters, this is already the default.
+#[func(keywords = ["mathit"])]
+pub fn italic(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_italic(Smart::Custom(true)))
+}
+
+/// Serif (roman) font style in math.
+///
+/// This is already the default.
+#[func(keywords = ["mathrm"])]
+pub fn serif(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Serif))
+}
+
+/// Sans-serif font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ sans(A B C) $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Sans Serif", keywords = ["mathsf"])]
+pub fn sans(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Sans))
+}
+
+/// Calligraphic font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// Let $cal(P)$ be the set of ...
+/// ```
+///
+/// This corresponds both to LaTeX's `\mathcal` and `\mathscr` as both of these
+/// styles share the same Unicode codepoints. Switching between the styles is
+/// thus only possible if supported by the font via
+/// [font features]($text.features).
+///
+/// For the default math font, the roundhand style is available through the
+/// `ss01` feature. Therefore, you could define your own version of `\mathscr`
+/// like this:
+///
+/// ```example
+/// #let scr(it) = text(
+///   features: ("ss01",),
+///   box($cal(it)$),
+/// )
+///
+/// We establish $cal(P) != scr(P)$.
+/// ```
+///
+/// (The box is not conceptually necessary, but unfortunately currently needed
+/// due to limitations in Typst's text style handling in math.)
+#[func(title = "Calligraphic", keywords = ["mathcal", "mathscr"])]
+pub fn cal(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Cal))
+}
+
+/// Fraktur font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ frak(P) $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Fraktur", keywords = ["mathfrak"])]
+pub fn frak(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Frak))
+}
+
+/// Monospace font style in math.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ mono(x + y = z) $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Monospace", keywords = ["mathtt"])]
+pub fn mono(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Mono))
+}
+
+/// Blackboard bold (double-struck) font style in math.
+///
+/// For uppercase latin letters, blackboard bold is additionally available
+/// through [symbols]($category/symbols/sym) of the form `NN` and `RR`.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ bb(b) $
+/// $ bb(N) = NN $
+/// $ f: NN -> RR $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Blackboard Bold", keywords = ["mathbb"])]
+pub fn bb(
+    /// The content to style.
+    body: Content,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Bb))
+}
+
+/// Forced display style in math.
+///
+/// This is the normal size for block equations.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $sum_i x_i/2 = display(sum_i x_i/2)$
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Display Size", keywords = ["displaystyle"])]
+pub fn display(
+    /// The content to size.
+    body: Content,
+    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
+    /// and superscripts do.
+    #[named]
+    #[default(false)]
+    cramped: bool,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Display))
+        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
+}
+
+/// Forced inline (text) style in math.
+///
+/// This is the normal size for inline equations.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ sum_i x_i/2
+///     = inline(sum_i x_i/2) $
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Inline Size", keywords = ["textstyle"])]
+pub fn inline(
+    /// The content to size.
+    body: Content,
+    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
+    /// and superscripts do.
+    #[named]
+    #[default(false)]
+    cramped: bool,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Text))
+        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
+}
+
+/// Forced script style in math.
+///
+/// This is the smaller size used in powers or sub- or superscripts.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $sum_i x_i/2 = script(sum_i x_i/2)$
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Script Size", keywords = ["scriptstyle"])]
+pub fn script(
+    /// The content to size.
+    body: Content,
+    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
+    /// and superscripts do.
+    #[named]
+    #[default(true)]
+    cramped: bool,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Script))
+        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
+}
+
+/// Forced second script style in math.
+///
+/// This is the smallest size, used in second-level sub- and superscripts
+/// (script of the script).
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $sum_i x_i/2 = sscript(sum_i x_i/2)$
+/// ```
+#[func(title = "Script-Script Size", keywords = ["scriptscriptstyle"])]
+pub fn sscript(
+    /// The content to size.
+    body: Content,
+    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
+    /// and superscripts do.
+    #[named]
+    #[default(true)]
+    cramped: bool,
+) -> Content {
+    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::ScriptScript))
+        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
+}
+
+/// The size of elements in an equation.
+///
+/// See the TeXbook p. 141.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Cast, Hash)]
+pub enum MathSize {
+    /// Second-level sub- and superscripts.
+    ScriptScript,
+    /// Sub- and superscripts.
+    Script,
+    /// Math in text.
+    Text,
+    /// Math on its own line.
+    Display,
+}
+
+/// A mathematical style variant, as defined by Unicode.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Cast, Hash)]
+pub enum MathVariant {
+    #[default]
+    Serif,
+    Sans,
+    Cal,
+    Frak,
+    Mono,
+    Bb,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/math/underover.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/math/underover.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..302c51af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/math/underover.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content};
+use crate::math::Mathy;
+
+/// A horizontal line under content.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ underline(1 + 2 + ... + 5) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct UnderlineElem {
+    /// The content above the line.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal line over content.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ overline(1 + 2 + ... + 5) $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct OverlineElem {
+    /// The content below the line.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal brace under content, with an optional annotation below.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ underbrace(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct UnderbraceElem {
+    /// The content above the brace.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content below the brace.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal brace over content, with an optional annotation above.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ overbrace(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct OverbraceElem {
+    /// The content below the brace.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content above the brace.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal bracket under content, with an optional annotation below.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ underbracket(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct UnderbracketElem {
+    /// The content above the bracket.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content below the bracket.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal bracket over content, with an optional annotation above.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ overbracket(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct OverbracketElem {
+    /// The content below the bracket.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content above the bracket.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal parenthesis under content, with an optional annotation below.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ underparen(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct UnderparenElem {
+    /// The content above the parenthesis.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content below the parenthesis.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal parenthesis over content, with an optional annotation above.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ overparen(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct OverparenElem {
+    /// The content below the parenthesis.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content above the parenthesis.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal tortoise shell bracket under content, with an optional
+/// annotation below.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ undershell(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct UndershellElem {
+    /// The content above the tortoise shell bracket.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content below the tortoise shell bracket.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+/// A horizontal tortoise shell bracket over content, with an optional
+/// annotation above.
+///
+/// ```example
+/// $ overshell(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
+/// ```
+#[elem(Mathy)]
+pub struct OvershellElem {
+    /// The content below the tortoise shell bracket.
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
+
+    /// The optional content above the tortoise shell bracket.
+    #[positional]
+    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/bibliography.rs
index ebc2c003..d11055b9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/bibliography.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,11 @@ use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use typed_arena::Arena;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_utils::{LazyHash, NonZeroExt, PicoStr};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, error, At, FileError, HintedStrResult, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::eval::{eval_string, EvalMode};
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, ty, Args, Array, Bytes, CastInfo, Content, FromValue, IntoValue, Label,
     NativeElement, Packed, Reflect, Repr, Scope, Show, ShowSet, Smart, Str, StyleChain,
@@ -36,12 +37,10 @@ use crate::model::{
     CitationForm, CiteGroup, Destination, FootnoteElem, HeadingElem, LinkElem, ParElem,
     Url,
 };
-
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use crate::routines::{EvalMode, Routines};
 use crate::text::{
     FontStyle, Lang, LocalName, Region, SubElem, SuperElem, TextElem, WeightDelta,
 };
-use crate::utils::{LazyHash, NonZeroExt, PicoStr};
 use crate::World;
 
 /// A bibliography / reference listing.
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ impl Show for Packed<BibliographyElem> {
         }
 
         let span = self.span();
-        let works = Works::generate(engine.world, engine.introspector).at(span)?;
+        let works = Works::generate(engine).at(span)?;
         let references = works
             .references
             .as_ref()
@@ -360,7 +359,7 @@ impl Bibliography {
 
         Ok(Bibliography {
             map: Arc::new(map),
-            hash: crate::utils::hash128(data),
+            hash: typst_utils::hash128(data),
         })
     }
 
@@ -553,12 +552,18 @@ pub(super) struct Works {
 
 impl Works {
     /// Generate all citations and the whole bibliography.
+    pub fn generate(engine: &Engine) -> StrResult<Arc<Works>> {
+        Self::generate_impl(engine.routines, engine.world, engine.introspector)
+    }
+
+    /// The internal implementation of [`Works::generate`].
     #[comemo::memoize]
-    pub fn generate(
+    fn generate_impl(
+        routines: &Routines,
         world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
         introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     ) -> StrResult<Arc<Works>> {
-        let mut generator = Generator::new(world, introspector)?;
+        let mut generator = Generator::new(routines, world, introspector)?;
         let rendered = generator.drive();
         let works = generator.display(&rendered)?;
         Ok(Arc::new(works))
@@ -567,6 +572,8 @@ impl Works {
 
 /// Context for generating the bibliography.
 struct Generator<'a> {
+    /// The routines that is used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
+    routines: &'a Routines,
     /// The world that is used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
     world: Tracked<'a, dyn World + 'a>,
     /// The document's bibliography.
@@ -607,6 +614,7 @@ struct CiteInfo {
 impl<'a> Generator<'a> {
     /// Create a new generator.
     fn new(
+        routines: &'a Routines,
         world: Tracked<'a, dyn World + 'a>,
         introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
     ) -> StrResult<Self> {
@@ -614,6 +622,7 @@ impl<'a> Generator<'a> {
         let groups = introspector.query(&CiteGroup::elem().select());
         let infos = Vec::with_capacity(groups.len());
         Ok(Self {
+            routines,
             world,
             bibliography,
             groups,
@@ -770,6 +779,7 @@ impl<'a> Generator<'a> {
             let link = |i: usize| links.get(info.subinfos.get(i)?.key.as_str()).copied();
 
             let renderer = ElemRenderer {
+                routines: self.routines,
                 world: self.world,
                 span: info.span,
                 supplement: &supplement,
@@ -822,6 +832,7 @@ impl<'a> Generator<'a> {
         let mut output = vec![];
         for (k, item) in rendered.items.iter().enumerate() {
             let renderer = ElemRenderer {
+                routines: self.routines,
                 world: self.world,
                 span: self.bibliography.span(),
                 supplement: &|_| None,
@@ -865,6 +876,8 @@ impl<'a> Generator<'a> {
 
 /// Renders hayagriva elements into content.
 struct ElemRenderer<'a> {
+    /// The routines that is used to evaluate mathematical material in citations.
+    routines: &'a Routines,
     /// The world that is used to evaluate mathematical material.
     world: Tracked<'a, dyn World + 'a>,
     /// The span that is attached to all of the resulting content.
@@ -984,9 +997,16 @@ impl ElemRenderer<'_> {
 
     /// Display math.
     fn display_math(&self, math: &str) -> Content {
-        eval_string(self.world, math, self.span, EvalMode::Math, Scope::new())
-            .map(Value::display)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|_| TextElem::packed(math).spanned(self.span))
+        (self.routines.eval_string)(
+            self.routines,
+            self.world,
+            math,
+            self.span,
+            EvalMode::Math,
+            Scope::new(),
+        )
+        .map(Value::display)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| TextElem::packed(math).spanned(self.span))
     }
 
     /// Display a link.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/cite.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/cite.rs
index e156e0ec..ac0cfa79 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/cite.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/cite.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl Show for Packed<CiteGroup> {
     fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
         let location = self.location().unwrap();
         let span = self.span();
-        Works::generate(engine.world, engine.introspector)
+        Works::generate(engine)
             .at(span)?
             .citations
             .get(&location)
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/document.rs
index b693d785..b693d785 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/document.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/emph.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/emph.rs
index e36e5ef7..e36e5ef7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/emph.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/emph.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/enum.rs
index fcb62f89..bac792d3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/enum.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
-use comemo::Track;
-use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
-    StyleChain, Styles,
-};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Em, Fragment, GridLayouter, HAlignment,
-    Length, Regions, Sizing, VAlignment, VElem,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+    Styles,
 };
+use crate::layout::{Alignment, BlockElem, Em, HAlignment, Length, VAlignment, VElem};
 use crate::model::{ListItemLike, ListLike, Numbering, NumberingPattern, ParElem};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
 
 /// A numbered list.
 ///
@@ -209,7 +203,7 @@ pub struct EnumElem {
     #[internal]
     #[fold]
     #[ghost]
-    parents: SmallVec<[usize; 4]>,
+    pub parents: SmallVec<[usize; 4]>,
 }
 
 #[scope]
@@ -219,10 +213,11 @@ impl EnumElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<EnumElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        let mut realized = BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_enum)
-            .pack()
-            .spanned(self.span());
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        let mut realized =
+            BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_enum)
+                .pack()
+                .spanned(self.span());
 
         if self.tight(styles) {
             let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
@@ -235,87 +230,6 @@ impl Show for Packed<EnumElem> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the enumeration.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_enum(
-    elem: &Packed<EnumElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    let numbering = elem.numbering(styles);
-    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
-    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
-    let gutter = elem.spacing(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        if elem.tight(styles) {
-            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
-        } else {
-            ParElem::spacing_in(styles).into()
-        }
-    });
-
-    let mut cells = vec![];
-    let mut locator = locator.split();
-    let mut number = elem.start(styles);
-    let mut parents = EnumElem::parents_in(styles);
-
-    let full = elem.full(styles);
-
-    // Horizontally align based on the given respective parameter.
-    // Vertically align to the top to avoid inheriting `horizon` or `bottom`
-    // alignment from the context and having the number be displaced in
-    // relation to the item it refers to.
-    let number_align = elem.number_align(styles);
-
-    for item in elem.children() {
-        number = item.number(styles).unwrap_or(number);
-
-        let context = Context::new(None, Some(styles));
-        let resolved = if full {
-            parents.push(number);
-            let content = numbering.apply(engine, context.track(), &parents)?.display();
-            parents.pop();
-            content
-        } else {
-            match numbering {
-                Numbering::Pattern(pattern) => {
-                    TextElem::packed(pattern.apply_kth(parents.len(), number))
-                }
-                other => other.apply(engine, context.track(), &[number])?.display(),
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Disable overhang as a workaround to end-aligned dots glitching
-        // and decreasing spacing between numbers and items.
-        let resolved =
-            resolved.aligned(number_align).styled(TextElem::set_overhang(false));
-
-        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(resolved, locator.next(&())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(
-            item.body.clone().styled(EnumElem::set_parents(smallvec![number])),
-            locator.next(&item.body.span()),
-        ));
-        number = number.saturating_add(1);
-    }
-
-    let grid = CellGrid::new(
-        Axes::with_x(&[
-            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
-            Sizing::Auto,
-            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
-            Sizing::Auto,
-        ]),
-        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
-        cells,
-    );
-    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
-
-    layouter.layout(engine)
-}
-
 /// An enumeration item.
 #[elem(name = "item", title = "Numbered List Item")]
 pub struct EnumItem {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/figure.rs
index 1d3c9c95..abdf2a4e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/figure.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ use crate::layout::{
 };
 use crate::model::{Numbering, NumberingPattern, Outlinable, Refable, Supplement};
 use crate::text::{Lang, Region, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 use crate::visualize::ImageElem;
 
 /// A figure with an optional caption.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/footnote.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/footnote.rs
index 5468b4f5..d9971dd1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/footnote.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/footnote.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -11,7 +13,6 @@ use crate::introspection::{Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable, Location};
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, HElem, Length, Ratio};
 use crate::model::{Destination, Numbering, NumberingPattern, ParElem};
 use crate::text::{SuperElem, TextElem, TextSize};
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 use crate::visualize::{LineElem, Stroke};
 
 /// A footnote.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/heading.rs
index 57717f7d..269e95eb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/heading.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -9,12 +11,9 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 use crate::introspection::{
     Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable, Locator, LocatorLink,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, Axes, BlockBody, BlockElem, Em, HElem, Length, Region,
-};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, BlockBody, BlockElem, Em, HElem, Length, Region};
 use crate::model::{Numbering, Outlinable, ParElem, Refable, Supplement};
 use crate::text::{FontWeight, LocalName, SpaceElem, TextElem, TextSize};
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 /// A section heading.
 ///
@@ -240,9 +239,14 @@ impl Show for Packed<HeadingElem> {
                 // We don't have a locator for the numbering here, so we just
                 // use the measurement infrastructure for now.
                 let link = LocatorLink::measure(location);
-                let size =
-                    layout_frame(engine, &numbering, Locator::link(&link), styles, pod)?
-                        .size();
+                let size = (engine.routines.layout_frame)(
+                    engine,
+                    &numbering,
+                    Locator::link(&link),
+                    styles,
+                    pod,
+                )?
+                .size();
 
                 indent = size.x + SPACING_TO_NUMBERING.resolve(styles);
             }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/link.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/link.rs
index 31c65a1d..31c65a1d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/link.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/link.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/list.rs
index 3a2bd651..18bddd10 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/list.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, Depth, Func, NativeElement, Packed, Show,
     Smart, StyleChain, Styles, Value,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Em, Fragment, GridLayouter, HAlignment, Length,
-    Regions, Sizing, VAlignment, VElem,
-};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Em, Length, VElem};
 use crate::model::ParElem;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
 
@@ -133,7 +129,7 @@ pub struct ListElem {
     #[internal]
     #[fold]
     #[ghost]
-    depth: Depth,
+    pub depth: Depth,
 }
 
 #[scope]
@@ -143,10 +139,11 @@ impl ListElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<ListElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        let mut realized = BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_list)
-            .pack()
-            .spanned(self.span());
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        let mut realized =
+            BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_list)
+                .pack()
+                .spanned(self.span());
 
         if self.tight(styles) {
             let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
@@ -159,60 +156,6 @@ impl Show for Packed<ListElem> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the list.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_list(
-    elem: &Packed<ListElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
-    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
-    let gutter = elem.spacing(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        if elem.tight(styles) {
-            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
-        } else {
-            ParElem::spacing_in(styles).into()
-        }
-    });
-
-    let Depth(depth) = ListElem::depth_in(styles);
-    let marker = elem
-        .marker(styles)
-        .resolve(engine, styles, depth)?
-        // avoid '#set align' interference with the list
-        .aligned(HAlignment::Start + VAlignment::Top);
-
-    let mut cells = vec![];
-    let mut locator = locator.split();
-
-    for item in elem.children() {
-        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(marker.clone(), locator.next(&marker.span())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(Content::empty(), locator.next(&())));
-        cells.push(Cell::new(
-            item.body.clone().styled(ListElem::set_depth(Depth(1))),
-            locator.next(&item.body.span()),
-        ));
-    }
-
-    let grid = CellGrid::new(
-        Axes::with_x(&[
-            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
-            Sizing::Auto,
-            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
-            Sizing::Auto,
-        ]),
-        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
-        cells,
-    );
-    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
-
-    layouter.layout(engine)
-}
-
 /// A bullet list item.
 #[elem(name = "item", title = "Bullet List Item")]
 pub struct ListItem {
@@ -235,7 +178,7 @@ pub enum ListMarker {
 
 impl ListMarker {
     /// Resolve the marker for the given depth.
-    fn resolve(
+    pub fn resolve(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/mod.rs
index 7dad51c3..7dad51c3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/mod.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/numbering.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/numbering.rs
index f0aa06e5..f0aa06e5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/numbering.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/numbering.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/outline.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/outline.rs
index b89a1524..85257c2c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/outline.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/outline.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use comemo::Track;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -16,9 +18,7 @@ use crate::layout::{
 use crate::model::{
     Destination, HeadingElem, NumberingPattern, ParElem, ParbreakElem, Refable,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::{LinebreakElem, LocalName, SpaceElem, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 /// A table of contents, figures, or other elements.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/par.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/par.rs
index 15bad61f..a43499d8 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/par.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/par.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
+use typst_utils::singleton;
+
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -9,7 +11,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 use crate::introspection::{Count, CounterUpdate, Locatable};
 use crate::layout::{Em, HAlignment, Length, OuterHAlignment};
 use crate::model::Numbering;
-use crate::utils::singleton;
 
 /// Arranges text, spacing and inline-level elements into a paragraph.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/quote.rs
index 110825f1..110825f1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/quote.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/reference.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/reference.rs
index bc1919d6..bc1919d6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/reference.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/reference.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/strong.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/strong.rs
index 0e23179e..0e23179e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/strong.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/strong.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/table.rs
index 74b12196..7dfaf45d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/table.rs
@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
-use ecow::eco_format;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
+use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, HintedString, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Content, Fold, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+    cast, elem, scope, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
 use crate::layout::{
-    show_grid_cell, Abs, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Celled, Dir,
-    Fragment, GridCell, GridFooter, GridHLine, GridHeader, GridLayouter, GridVLine,
-    Length, LinePosition, OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, ResolvableCell,
-    ResolvableGridChild, ResolvableGridItem, Sides, TrackSizings,
+    show_grid_cell, Abs, Alignment, BlockElem, Celled, GridCell, GridFooter, GridHLine,
+    GridHeader, GridVLine, Length, OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Rel, Sides,
+    TrackSizings,
 };
 use crate::model::Figurable;
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{LocalName, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
+use crate::text::LocalName;
 use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
 
 /// A table of items.
@@ -263,68 +259,13 @@ impl TableElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<TableElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_table)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_table)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the table.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_table(
-    elem: &Packed<TableElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
-    let align = elem.align(styles);
-    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
-    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
-    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
-    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
-    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
-    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
-
-    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
-    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
-    // Use trace to link back to the table when a specific cell errors
-    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("table")));
-    let resolve_item = |item: &TableItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
-    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
-        TableChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
-            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
-            span: header.span(),
-            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-        },
-        TableChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
-            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
-            span: footer.span(),
-            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-        },
-        TableChild::Item(item) => ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles)),
-    });
-    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
-        tracks,
-        gutter,
-        locator,
-        children,
-        fill,
-        align,
-        &inset,
-        &stroke,
-        engine,
-        styles,
-        elem.span(),
-    )
-    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
-
-    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
-    layouter.layout(engine)
-}
-
 impl LocalName for Packed<TableElem> {
     const KEY: &'static str = "table";
 }
@@ -384,44 +325,6 @@ pub enum TableItem {
     Cell(Packed<TableCell>),
 }
 
-impl TableItem {
-    fn to_resolvable(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> ResolvableGridItem<Packed<TableCell>> {
-        match self {
-            Self::HLine(hline) => ResolvableGridItem::HLine {
-                y: hline.y(styles),
-                start: hline.start(styles),
-                end: hline.end(styles),
-                stroke: hline.stroke(styles),
-                span: hline.span(),
-                position: match hline.position(styles) {
-                    OuterVAlignment::Top => LinePosition::Before,
-                    OuterVAlignment::Bottom => LinePosition::After,
-                },
-            },
-            Self::VLine(vline) => ResolvableGridItem::VLine {
-                x: vline.x(styles),
-                start: vline.start(styles),
-                end: vline.end(styles),
-                stroke: vline.stroke(styles),
-                span: vline.span(),
-                position: match vline.position(styles) {
-                    OuterHAlignment::Left if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
-                        LinePosition::After
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::Right if TextElem::dir_in(styles) == Dir::RTL => {
-                        LinePosition::Before
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::Start | OuterHAlignment::Left => {
-                        LinePosition::Before
-                    }
-                    OuterHAlignment::End | OuterHAlignment::Right => LinePosition::After,
-                },
-            },
-            Self::Cell(cell) => ResolvableGridItem::Cell(cell.clone()),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 cast! {
     TableItem,
     self => match self {
@@ -773,7 +676,7 @@ pub struct TableCell {
 
     /// The amount of rows spanned by this cell.
     #[default(NonZeroUsize::ONE)]
-    rowspan: NonZeroUsize,
+    pub rowspan: NonZeroUsize,
 
     /// The cell's [fill]($table.fill) override.
     pub fill: Smart<Option<Paint>>,
@@ -801,113 +704,18 @@ cast! {
     v: Content => v.into(),
 }
 
-impl Default for Packed<TableCell> {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Packed::new(TableCell::new(Content::default()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl ResolvableCell for Packed<TableCell> {
-    fn resolve_cell<'a>(
-        mut self,
-        x: usize,
-        y: usize,
-        fill: &Option<Paint>,
-        align: Smart<Alignment>,
-        inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-        stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Arc<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
-        breakable: bool,
-        locator: Locator<'a>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> Cell<'a> {
-        let cell = &mut *self;
-        let colspan = cell.colspan(styles);
-        let rowspan = cell.rowspan(styles);
-        let breakable = cell.breakable(styles).unwrap_or(breakable);
-        let fill = cell.fill(styles).unwrap_or_else(|| fill.clone());
-
-        let cell_stroke = cell.stroke(styles);
-        let stroke_overridden =
-            cell_stroke.as_ref().map(|side| matches!(side, Some(Some(_))));
-
-        // Using a typical 'Sides' fold, an unspecified side loses to a
-        // specified side. Additionally, when both are specified, an inner
-        // None wins over the outer Some, and vice-versa. When both are
-        // specified and Some, fold occurs, which, remarkably, leads to an Arc
-        // clone.
-        //
-        // In the end, we flatten because, for layout purposes, an unspecified
-        // cell stroke is the same as specifying 'none', so we equate the two
-        // concepts.
-        let stroke = cell_stroke.fold(stroke).map(Option::flatten);
-        cell.push_x(Smart::Custom(x));
-        cell.push_y(Smart::Custom(y));
-        cell.push_fill(Smart::Custom(fill.clone()));
-        cell.push_align(match align {
-            Smart::Custom(align) => {
-                Smart::Custom(cell.align(styles).map_or(align, |inner| inner.fold(align)))
-            }
-            // Don't fold if the table is using outer alignment. Use the
-            // cell's alignment instead (which, in the end, will fold with
-            // the outer alignment when it is effectively displayed).
-            Smart::Auto => cell.align(styles),
-        });
-        cell.push_inset(Smart::Custom(
-            cell.inset(styles).map_or(inset, |inner| inner.fold(inset)),
-        ));
-        cell.push_stroke(
-            // Here we convert the resolved stroke to a regular stroke, however
-            // with resolved units (that is, 'em' converted to absolute units).
-            // We also convert any stroke unspecified by both the cell and the
-            // outer stroke ('None' in the folded stroke) to 'none', that is,
-            // all sides are present in the resulting Sides object accessible
-            // by show rules on table cells.
-            stroke.as_ref().map(|side| {
-                Some(side.as_ref().map(|cell_stroke| {
-                    Arc::new((**cell_stroke).clone().map(Length::from))
-                }))
-            }),
-        );
-        cell.push_breakable(Smart::Custom(breakable));
-        Cell {
-            body: self.pack(),
-            locator,
-            fill,
-            colspan,
-            rowspan,
-            stroke,
-            stroke_overridden,
-            breakable,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn x(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
-        (**self).x(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn y(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Smart<usize> {
-        (**self).y(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn colspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
-        (**self).colspan(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn rowspan(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> NonZeroUsize {
-        (**self).rowspan(styles)
-    }
-
-    fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        Packed::span(self)
-    }
-}
-
 impl Show for Packed<TableCell> {
     fn show(&self, _engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
         show_grid_cell(self.body().clone(), self.inset(styles), self.align(styles))
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for Packed<TableCell> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Packed::new(TableCell::new(Content::default()))
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Content> for TableCell {
     fn from(value: Content) -> Self {
         #[allow(clippy::unwrap_or_default)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/model/terms.rs
index 557895f7..036a03e2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/model/terms.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
+
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -7,7 +9,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 use crate::layout::{Dir, Em, HElem, Length, Sides, StackChild, StackElem, VElem};
 use crate::model::{ListItemLike, ListLike, ParElem};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
 /// A list of terms and their descriptions.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6b78b7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#![allow(unused)]
+
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+
+use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
+
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    Args, Cast, Closure, Content, Context, Func, Packed, Scope, StyleChain, StyleVec,
+    Styles, Value,
+};
+use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locator, SplitLocator};
+use crate::layout::{
+    Abs, BoxElem, ColumnsElem, Fragment, Frame, GridElem, InlineItem, MoveElem, PadElem,
+    Region, Regions, Rel, RepeatElem, RotateElem, ScaleElem, Size, SkewElem, StackElem,
+};
+use crate::math::EquationElem;
+use crate::model::{Document, DocumentInfo, EnumElem, ListElem, TableElem};
+use crate::visualize::{
+    CircleElem, EllipseElem, ImageElem, LineElem, PathElem, PolygonElem, RectElem,
+    SquareElem,
+};
+use crate::World;
+
+/// Defines the `Routines` struct.
+macro_rules! routines {
+    ($(
+        $(#[$attr:meta])*
+        fn $name:ident $(<$($time:lifetime),*>)? ($($args:tt)*) -> $ret:ty
+    )*) => {
+        /// Defines implementation of various Typst compiler routines as a table
+        /// of function pointers.
+        ///
+        /// This is essentially dynamic linking and done to allow for crate
+        /// splitting.
+        pub struct Routines {
+            $(
+                $(#[$attr])*
+                pub $name: $(for<$($time),*>)? fn ($($args)*) -> $ret
+            ),*
+        }
+
+        impl Hash for Routines {
+            fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, _: &mut H) {}
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+routines! {
+    /// Evaluates a string as code and return the resulting value.
+    fn eval_string(
+        routines: &Routines,
+        world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
+        string: &str,
+        span: Span,
+        mode: EvalMode,
+        scope: Scope,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Value>
+
+    /// Call the closure in the context with the arguments.
+    fn eval_closure(
+        func: &Func,
+        closure: &LazyHash<Closure>,
+        routines: &Routines,
+        world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
+        introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
+        traced: Tracked<Traced>,
+        sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
+        route: Tracked<Route>,
+        context: Tracked<Context>,
+        args: Args,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Value>
+
+    /// Realizes content into a flat list of well-known, styled items.
+    fn realize<'a>(
+        kind: RealizationKind,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: &mut SplitLocator,
+        arenas: &'a Arenas,
+        content: &'a Content,
+        styles: StyleChain<'a>,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<Pair<'a>>>
+
+    /// Layout content into a document.
+    fn layout_document(
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        content: &Content,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Document>
+
+    /// Lays out content into multiple regions.
+    fn layout_fragment(
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        content: &Content,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out content into a single region, producing a single frame.
+    fn layout_frame(
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        content: &Content,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out inline content.
+    fn layout_inline(
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        children: &StyleVec,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        consecutive: bool,
+        region: Size,
+        expand: bool,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`BoxElem`].
+    fn layout_box(
+        elem: &Packed<BoxElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Size,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`ListElem`].
+    fn layout_list(
+        elem: &Packed<ListElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out an [`EnumElem`].
+    fn layout_enum(
+        elem: &Packed<EnumElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`GridElem`].
+    fn layout_grid(
+        elem: &Packed<GridElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`TableElem`].
+    fn layout_table(
+        elem: &Packed<TableElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`StackElem`].
+    fn layout_stack(
+        elem: &Packed<StackElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`ColumnsElem`].
+    fn layout_columns(
+        elem: &Packed<ColumnsElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`MoveElem`].
+    fn layout_move(
+        elem: &Packed<MoveElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`RotateElem`].
+    fn layout_rotate(
+        elem: &Packed<RotateElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`ScaleElem`].
+    fn layout_scale(
+        elem: &Packed<ScaleElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`SkewElem`].
+    fn layout_skew(
+        elem: &Packed<SkewElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`RepeatElem`].
+    fn layout_repeat(
+        elem: &Packed<RepeatElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`PadElem`].
+    fn layout_pad(
+        elem: &Packed<PadElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`LineElem`].
+    fn layout_line(
+        elem: &Packed<LineElem>,
+        _: &mut Engine,
+        _: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`PathElem`].
+    fn layout_path(
+        elem: &Packed<PathElem>,
+        _: &mut Engine,
+        _: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`PolygonElem`].
+    fn layout_polygon(
+        elem: &Packed<PolygonElem>,
+        _: &mut Engine,
+        _: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`RectElem`].
+    fn layout_rect(
+        elem: &Packed<RectElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`SquareElem`].
+    fn layout_square(
+        elem: &Packed<SquareElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`EllipseElem`].
+    fn layout_ellipse(
+        elem: &Packed<EllipseElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out a [`CircleElem`].
+    fn layout_circle(
+        elem: &Packed<CircleElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out an [`ImageElem`].
+    fn layout_image(
+        elem: &Packed<ImageElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Region,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+
+    /// Lays out an [`EquationElem`] in a paragraph.
+    fn layout_equation_inline(
+        elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Size,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>
+
+    /// Lays out an [`EquationElem`] in a flow.
+    fn layout_equation_block(
+        elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        locator: Locator,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+}
+
+/// In which mode to evaluate a string.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
+pub enum EvalMode {
+    /// Evaluate as code, as after a hash.
+    Code,
+    /// Evaluate as markup, like in a Typst file.
+    Markup,
+    /// Evaluate as math, as in an equation.
+    Math,
+}
+
+/// Defines what kind of realization we are performing.
+pub enum RealizationKind<'a> {
+    /// This the root realization for the document. Requires a mutable reference
+    /// to document metadata that will be filled from `set document` rules.
+    Root(&'a mut DocumentInfo),
+    /// A nested realization in a container (e.g. a `block`).
+    Container,
+    /// A realization within math.
+    Math,
+}
+
+/// Temporary storage arenas for lifetime extension during realization.
+///
+/// Must be kept live while the content returned from realization is processed.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Arenas {
+    /// A typed arena for owned content.
+    pub content: typed_arena::Arena<Content>,
+    /// A typed arena for owned styles.
+    pub styles: typed_arena::Arena<Styles>,
+    /// An untyped arena for everything that is `Copy`.
+    pub bump: bumpalo::Bump,
+}
+
+/// A pair of content and a style chain that applies to it.
+pub type Pair<'a> = (&'a Content, StyleChain<'a>);
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/symbols/emoji.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/emoji.rs
index e6b2bbf9..1bd57ec0 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/symbols/emoji.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/emoji.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use crate::foundations::{Module, Scope};
-use crate::symbols::{symbols, Symbol};
+use crate::foundations::{Module, Scope, Symbol};
 
 /// A module with all emoji.
 pub fn emoji() -> Module {
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ pub fn emoji() -> Module {
 }
 
 /// A list of named emoji.
-const EMOJI: &[(&str, Symbol)] = symbols! {
+const EMOJI: &[(&str, Symbol)] = typst_macros::symbols! {
     abacus: '🧮',
     abc: '🔤',
     abcd: '🔡',
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/symbols/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/mod.rs
index 711ab149..7e0fb55b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/symbols/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/mod.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@
 
 mod emoji;
 mod sym;
-mod symbol;
 
 pub use self::emoji::*;
 pub use self::sym::*;
-pub use self::symbol::*;
 
 use crate::foundations::{category, Category, Scope};
 
@@ -21,7 +19,6 @@ pub static SYMBOLS: Category;
 /// Hook up all `symbol` definitions.
 pub(super) fn define(global: &mut Scope) {
     global.category(SYMBOLS);
-    global.define_type::<Symbol>();
     global.define_module(sym());
     global.define_module(emoji());
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/symbols/sym.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/sym.rs
index 7e957543..606e44ea 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/symbols/sym.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/symbols/sym.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-use crate::foundations::{Module, Scope};
-use crate::symbols::{symbols, Symbol};
+use crate::foundations::{Module, Scope, Symbol};
 
 /// A module with all general symbols.
 pub fn sym() -> Module {
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ pub fn sym() -> Module {
 }
 
 /// The list of general symbols.
-pub(crate) const SYM: &[(&str, Symbol)] = symbols! {
+pub(crate) const SYM: &[(&str, Symbol)] = typst_macros::symbols! {
     // Control.
     wj: '\u{2060}',
     zwj: '\u{200D}',
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/case.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/case.rs
index 69dbf5e1..69dbf5e1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/case.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/case.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/deco.rs
index ce98348d..5da7ecec 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/deco.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,11 @@
-use kurbo::{BezPath, Line, ParamCurve};
 use smallvec::smallvec;
-use ttf_parser::{GlyphId, OutlineBuilder};
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Corners, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Rel, Sides, Size,
-};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{
-    BottomEdge, BottomEdgeMetric, TextEdgeBounds, TextElem, TextItem, TopEdge,
-    TopEdgeMetric,
-};
-use crate::visualize::{styled_rect, Color, FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Stroke};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Corners, Length, Rel, Sides};
+use crate::text::{BottomEdge, BottomEdgeMetric, TextElem, TopEdge, TopEdgeMetric};
+use crate::visualize::{Color, FixedStroke, Paint, Stroke};
 
 /// Underlines text.
 ///
@@ -375,13 +367,13 @@ impl Show for Packed<HighlightElem> {
 /// a background.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct Decoration {
-    line: DecoLine,
-    extent: Abs,
+    pub line: DecoLine,
+    pub extent: Abs,
 }
 
 /// A kind of decorative line.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-enum DecoLine {
+pub enum DecoLine {
     Underline {
         stroke: Stroke<Abs>,
         offset: Smart<Abs>,
@@ -407,206 +399,3 @@ enum DecoLine {
         radius: Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     },
 }
-
-/// Add line decorations to a single run of shaped text.
-pub(crate) fn decorate(
-    frame: &mut Frame,
-    deco: &Decoration,
-    text: &TextItem,
-    width: Abs,
-    shift: Abs,
-    pos: Point,
-) {
-    let font_metrics = text.font.metrics();
-
-    if let DecoLine::Highlight { fill, stroke, top_edge, bottom_edge, radius } =
-        &deco.line
-    {
-        let (top, bottom) = determine_edges(text, *top_edge, *bottom_edge);
-        let size = Size::new(width + 2.0 * deco.extent, top + bottom);
-        let rects = styled_rect(size, radius, fill.clone(), stroke);
-        let origin = Point::new(pos.x - deco.extent, pos.y - top - shift);
-        frame.prepend_multiple(
-            rects
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(|shape| (origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()))),
-        );
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let (stroke, metrics, offset, evade, background) = match &deco.line {
-        DecoLine::Strikethrough { stroke, offset, background } => {
-            (stroke, font_metrics.strikethrough, offset, false, *background)
-        }
-        DecoLine::Overline { stroke, offset, evade, background } => {
-            (stroke, font_metrics.overline, offset, *evade, *background)
-        }
-        DecoLine::Underline { stroke, offset, evade, background } => {
-            (stroke, font_metrics.underline, offset, *evade, *background)
-        }
-        _ => return,
-    };
-
-    let offset = offset.unwrap_or(-metrics.position.at(text.size)) - shift;
-    let stroke = stroke.clone().unwrap_or(FixedStroke::from_pair(
-        text.fill.as_decoration(),
-        metrics.thickness.at(text.size),
-    ));
-
-    let gap_padding = 0.08 * text.size;
-    let min_width = 0.162 * text.size;
-
-    let start = pos.x - deco.extent;
-    let end = pos.x + width + deco.extent;
-
-    let mut push_segment = |from: Abs, to: Abs, prepend: bool| {
-        let origin = Point::new(from, pos.y + offset);
-        let target = Point::new(to - from, Abs::zero());
-
-        if target.x >= min_width || !evade {
-            let shape = Geometry::Line(target).stroked(stroke.clone());
-
-            if prepend {
-                frame.prepend(origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()));
-            } else {
-                frame.push(origin, FrameItem::Shape(shape, Span::detached()));
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    if !evade {
-        push_segment(start, end, background);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let line = Line::new(
-        kurbo::Point::new(pos.x.to_raw(), offset.to_raw()),
-        kurbo::Point::new((pos.x + width).to_raw(), offset.to_raw()),
-    );
-
-    let mut x = pos.x;
-    let mut intersections = vec![];
-
-    for glyph in text.glyphs.iter() {
-        let dx = glyph.x_offset.at(text.size) + x;
-        let mut builder =
-            BezPathBuilder::new(font_metrics.units_per_em, text.size, dx.to_raw());
-
-        let bbox = text.font.ttf().outline_glyph(GlyphId(glyph.id), &mut builder);
-        let path = builder.finish();
-
-        x += glyph.x_advance.at(text.size);
-
-        // Only do the costly segments intersection test if the line
-        // intersects the bounding box.
-        let intersect = bbox.is_some_and(|bbox| {
-            let y_min = -text.font.to_em(bbox.y_max).at(text.size);
-            let y_max = -text.font.to_em(bbox.y_min).at(text.size);
-            offset >= y_min && offset <= y_max
-        });
-
-        if intersect {
-            // Find all intersections of segments with the line.
-            intersections.extend(
-                path.segments()
-                    .flat_map(|seg| seg.intersect_line(line))
-                    .map(|is| Abs::raw(line.eval(is.line_t).x)),
-            );
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Add start and end points, taking padding into account.
-    intersections.push(start - gap_padding);
-    intersections.push(end + gap_padding);
-    // When emitting the decorative line segments, we move from left to
-    // right. The intersections are not necessarily in this order, yet.
-    intersections.sort();
-
-    for edge in intersections.windows(2) {
-        let l = edge[0];
-        let r = edge[1];
-
-        // If we are too close, don't draw the segment
-        if r - l < gap_padding {
-            continue;
-        } else {
-            push_segment(l + gap_padding, r - gap_padding, background);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-// Return the top/bottom edge of the text given the metric of the font.
-fn determine_edges(
-    text: &TextItem,
-    top_edge: TopEdge,
-    bottom_edge: BottomEdge,
-) -> (Abs, Abs) {
-    let mut top = Abs::zero();
-    let mut bottom = Abs::zero();
-
-    for g in text.glyphs.iter() {
-        let (t, b) = text.font.edges(
-            top_edge,
-            bottom_edge,
-            text.size,
-            TextEdgeBounds::Glyph(g.id),
-        );
-        top.set_max(t);
-        bottom.set_max(b);
-    }
-
-    (top, bottom)
-}
-
-/// Builds a kurbo [`BezPath`] for a glyph.
-struct BezPathBuilder {
-    path: BezPath,
-    units_per_em: f64,
-    font_size: Abs,
-    x_offset: f64,
-}
-
-impl BezPathBuilder {
-    fn new(units_per_em: f64, font_size: Abs, x_offset: f64) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            path: BezPath::new(),
-            units_per_em,
-            font_size,
-            x_offset,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn finish(self) -> BezPath {
-        self.path
-    }
-
-    fn p(&self, x: f32, y: f32) -> kurbo::Point {
-        kurbo::Point::new(self.s(x) + self.x_offset, -self.s(y))
-    }
-
-    fn s(&self, v: f32) -> f64 {
-        Em::from_units(v, self.units_per_em).at(self.font_size).to_raw()
-    }
-}
-
-impl OutlineBuilder for BezPathBuilder {
-    fn move_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        self.path.move_to(self.p(x, y));
-    }
-
-    fn line_to(&mut self, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        self.path.line_to(self.p(x, y));
-    }
-
-    fn quad_to(&mut self, x1: f32, y1: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        self.path.quad_to(self.p(x1, y1), self.p(x, y));
-    }
-
-    fn curve_to(&mut self, x1: f32, y1: f32, x2: f32, y2: f32, x: f32, y: f32) {
-        self.path.curve_to(self.p(x1, y1), self.p(x2, y2), self.p(x, y));
-    }
-
-    fn close(&mut self) {
-        self.path.close_path();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/font/book.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/book.rs
index 23e27f64..23e27f64 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/font/book.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/book.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/font/color.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/color.rs
index e26d323c..08f6fe0a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/font/color.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/color.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@
 use std::io::Read;
 
 use ttf_parser::{GlyphId, RgbaColor};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 use usvg::tiny_skia_path;
 use xmlwriter::XmlWriter;
 
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::{Font, Glyph};
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Image};
+use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Image, RasterFormat, VectorFormat};
 
 /// Whether this glyph should be rendered via simple outlining instead of via
 /// `glyph_frame`.
@@ -101,12 +101,8 @@ fn draw_raster_glyph(
     upem: Abs,
     raster_image: ttf_parser::RasterGlyphImage,
 ) -> Option<()> {
-    let image = Image::new(
-        raster_image.data.into(),
-        typst::visualize::ImageFormat::Raster(typst::visualize::RasterFormat::Png),
-        None,
-    )
-    .ok()?;
+    let image =
+        Image::new(raster_image.data.into(), RasterFormat::Png.into(), None).ok()?;
 
     // Apple Color emoji doesn't provide offset information (or at least
     // not in a way ttf-parser understands), so we artificially shift their
@@ -179,12 +175,7 @@ fn draw_colr_glyph(
 
     let data = svg.end_document().into_bytes();
 
-    let image = Image::new(
-        data.into(),
-        typst::visualize::ImageFormat::Vector(typst::visualize::VectorFormat::Svg),
-        None,
-    )
-    .ok()?;
+    let image = Image::new(data.into(), VectorFormat::Svg.into(), None).ok()?;
 
     let y_shift = Abs::pt(upem.to_pt() - y_max);
     let position = Point::new(Abs::pt(x_min), y_shift);
@@ -259,12 +250,9 @@ fn draw_svg_glyph(
         ty = -top,
     );
 
-    let image = Image::new(
-        wrapper_svg.into_bytes().into(),
-        typst::visualize::ImageFormat::Vector(typst::visualize::VectorFormat::Svg),
-        None,
-    )
-    .ok()?;
+    let image =
+        Image::new(wrapper_svg.into_bytes().into(), VectorFormat::Svg.into(), None)
+            .ok()?;
 
     let position = Point::new(Abs::pt(left), Abs::pt(top) + upem);
     let size = Size::new(Abs::pt(width), Abs::pt(height));
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/font/exceptions.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/exceptions.rs
index 40998bb9..6393df4b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/font/exceptions.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/exceptions.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 
 use super::{FontStretch, FontStyle, FontWeight};
 
+pub fn find_exception(postscript_name: &str) -> Option<&'static Exception> {
+    EXCEPTION_MAP.get(postscript_name)
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Exception {
     pub family: Option<&'static str>,
@@ -11,7 +15,7 @@ pub struct Exception {
 }
 
 impl Exception {
-    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+    const fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             family: None,
             style: None,
@@ -38,10 +42,6 @@ impl Exception {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn find_exception(postscript_name: &str) -> Option<&'static Exception> {
-    EXCEPTION_MAP.get(postscript_name)
-}
-
 /// A map which keys are PostScript name and values are override entries.
 static EXCEPTION_MAP: phf::Map<&'static str, Exception> = phf::phf_map! {
     // The old version of Arial-Black, published by Microsoft in 1996 in their
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/font/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/mod.rs
index 09837312..09837312 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/font/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/mod.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/font/variant.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/variant.rs
index c7a00fb3..c7a00fb3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/font/variant.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/font/variant.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/item.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/item.rs
index b2f9e272..ed559aec 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/item.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/item.rs
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Range;
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Em};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::{is_default_ignorable, Font, Lang, Region};
 use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/lang.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/lang.rs
index 6c9c886a..64ab1a7c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/lang.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/lang.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
-use crate::diag::Hint;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 
+use crate::diag::Hint;
 use crate::foundations::{cast, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::Dir;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -304,8 +304,9 @@ fn lang_str(lang: Lang, region: Option<Region>) -> EcoString {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use typst_utils::option_eq;
+
     use super::*;
-    use crate::utils::option_eq;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_region_option_eq() {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/linebreak.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/linebreak.rs
index f32b9223..0519e1c4 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/linebreak.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/linebreak.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+use typst_utils::singleton;
+
 use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement};
-use crate::utils::singleton;
 
 /// Inserts a line break.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/lorem.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/lorem.rs
index 5d01a550..5d01a550 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/lorem.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/lorem.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/mod.rs
index 6f3f741a..acf100b5 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/mod.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use rustybuzz::Feature;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 use ttf_parser::Tag;
+use typst_syntax::Spanned;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, warning, HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Axis, Dir, Em, Length, Ratio, Rel};
 use crate::model::ParElem;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
 use crate::visualize::{Color, Paint, RelativeTo, Stroke};
 use crate::World;
 
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ cast! {
 }
 
 /// Resolve a prioritized iterator over the font families.
-pub(crate) fn families(styles: StyleChain) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> + Clone {
+pub fn families(styles: StyleChain) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> + Clone {
     const FALLBACKS: &[&str] = &[
         "libertinus serif",
         "twitter color emoji",
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ pub(crate) fn families(styles: StyleChain) -> impl Iterator<Item = &str> + Clone
 }
 
 /// Resolve the font variant.
-pub(crate) fn variant(styles: StyleChain) -> FontVariant {
+pub fn variant(styles: StyleChain) -> FontVariant {
     let mut variant = FontVariant::new(
         TextElem::style_in(styles),
         TextElem::weight_in(styles),
@@ -1121,7 +1121,7 @@ impl Fold for FontFeatures {
 }
 
 /// Collect the OpenType features to apply.
-pub(crate) fn features(styles: StyleChain) -> Vec<Feature> {
+pub fn features(styles: StyleChain) -> Vec<Feature> {
     let mut tags = vec![];
     let mut feat = |tag: &[u8; 4], value: u32| {
         tags.push(Feature::new(Tag::from_bytes(tag), value, ..));
@@ -1273,7 +1273,7 @@ cast! {
 }
 
 /// Whether a codepoint is Unicode `Default_Ignorable`.
-pub(crate) fn is_default_ignorable(c: char) -> bool {
+pub fn is_default_ignorable(c: char) -> bool {
     /// The set of Unicode default ignorables.
     static DEFAULT_IGNORABLE_DATA: Lazy<CodePointSetData> = Lazy::new(|| {
         icu_properties::sets::load_default_ignorable_code_point(
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/raw.rs
index e669be38..5ce77348 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/raw.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use once_cell::unsync::Lazy as UnsyncLazy;
 use syntect::highlighting::{self as synt, Theme};
 use syntect::parsing::{SyntaxDefinition, SyntaxSet, SyntaxSetBuilder};
+use typst_syntax::{split_newlines, LinkedNode, Span, Spanned};
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 
 use super::Lang;
@@ -18,12 +19,11 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::layout::{BlockBody, BlockElem, Em, HAlignment};
 use crate::model::{Figurable, ParElem};
-use crate::syntax::{split_newlines, LinkedNode, Span, Spanned};
 use crate::text::{
     FontFamily, FontList, Hyphenate, LinebreakElem, LocalName, TextElem, TextSize,
 };
 use crate::visualize::Color;
-use crate::{syntax, World};
+use crate::World;
 
 // Shorthand for highlighter closures.
 type StyleFn<'a> =
@@ -358,9 +358,9 @@ impl Packed<RawElem> {
             let text =
                 lines.iter().map(|(s, _)| s.clone()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join("\n");
             let root = match lang.as_deref() {
-                Some("typc") => syntax::parse_code(&text),
-                Some("typm") => syntax::parse_math(&text),
-                _ => syntax::parse(&text),
+                Some("typc") => typst_syntax::parse_code(&text),
+                Some("typm") => typst_syntax::parse_math(&text),
+                _ => typst_syntax::parse(&text),
             };
 
             ThemedHighlighter::new(
@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ impl<'a> ThemedHighlighter<'a> {
 
         for child in self.node.children() {
             let mut scopes = self.scopes.clone();
-            if let Some(tag) = crate::syntax::highlight(&child) {
+            if let Some(tag) = typst_syntax::highlight(&child) {
                 scopes.push(syntect::parsing::Scope::new(tag.tm_scope()).unwrap())
             }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/shift.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/shift.rs
index 003ecf47..003ecf47 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/shift.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/shift.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/smallcaps.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/smallcaps.rs
index bf003bd1..bf003bd1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/smallcaps.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/smallcaps.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/smartquote.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/smartquote.rs
index 467165b6..5917550d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/smartquote.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/smartquote.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::is_newline;
 use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
@@ -6,7 +7,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     array, cast, dict, elem, Array, Dict, FromValue, Packed, PlainText, Smart, Str,
 };
 use crate::layout::Dir;
-use crate::syntax::is_newline;
 use crate::text::{Lang, Region};
 
 /// A language-aware quote that reacts to its context.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/space.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/text/space.rs
index 2ebc3b33..38a55482 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/space.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/text/space.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::singleton;
 
 use crate::foundations::{
     elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, PlainText, Repr, Unlabellable,
 };
-use crate::utils::singleton;
 
 /// A text space.
 #[elem(Unlabellable, PlainText, Repr)]
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/color.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/color.rs
index 6e05f0e3..1a279fbb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/color.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/color.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use palette::{
     Alpha, Darken, Desaturate, FromColor, Lighten, OklabHue, RgbHue, Saturate, ShiftHue,
 };
 use qcms::Profile;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -16,7 +17,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{Angle, Ratio};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 // Type aliases for `palette` internal types in f32.
 pub type Oklab = palette::oklab::Oklaba<f32>;
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ pub enum Color {
 #[scope]
 impl Color {
     /// The module of preset color maps.
-    pub const MAP: fn() -> Module = || crate::utils::singleton!(Module, map()).clone();
+    pub const MAP: fn() -> Module = || typst_utils::singleton!(Module, map()).clone();
 
     pub const BLACK: Self = Self::Luma(Luma::new(0.0, 1.0));
     pub const GRAY: Self = Self::Luma(Luma::new(0.6666666, 1.0));
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/gradient.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/gradient.rs
index 45281820..2be7e370 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/gradient.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/gradient.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use kurbo::Vec2;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
     array, cast, func, scope, ty, Args, Array, Cast, Func, IntoValue, Repr, Smart,
 };
 use crate::layout::{Angle, Axes, Dir, Quadrant, Ratio};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 use crate::visualize::{Color, ColorSpace, WeightedColor};
 
 /// A color gradient.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
index 0bc2f3b1..359db252 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
@@ -6,30 +6,24 @@ mod svg;
 pub use self::raster::{RasterFormat, RasterImage};
 pub use self::svg::SvgImage;
 
-use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use comemo::Tracked;
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_utils::LazyHash;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, warning, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, func, scope, Bytes, Cast, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
     StyleChain,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel,
-    Size, Sizing,
-};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Length, Rel, Sizing};
 use crate::loading::Readable;
 use crate::model::Figurable;
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::text::{families, LocalName};
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
-use crate::visualize::Path;
+use crate::text::LocalName;
 use crate::World;
 
 /// A raster or vector graphic.
@@ -159,8 +153,8 @@ impl ImageElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<ImageElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_image)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_image)
             .with_width(self.width(styles))
             .with_height(self.height(styles))
             .pack()
@@ -174,134 +168,6 @@ impl LocalName for Packed<ImageElem> {
 
 impl Figurable for Packed<ImageElem> {}
 
-/// Layout the image.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_image(
-    elem: &Packed<ImageElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    _: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let span = elem.span();
-
-    // Take the format that was explicitly defined, or parse the extension,
-    // or try to detect the format.
-    let data = elem.data();
-    let format = match elem.format(styles) {
-        Smart::Custom(v) => v,
-        Smart::Auto => determine_format(elem.path().as_str(), data).at(span)?,
-    };
-
-    // Warn the user if the image contains a foreign object. Not perfect
-    // because the svg could also be encoded, but that's an edge case.
-    if format == ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg) {
-        let has_foreign_object =
-            data.as_str().is_some_and(|s| s.contains("<foreignObject"));
-
-        if has_foreign_object {
-            engine.sink.warn(warning!(
-                span,
-                "image contains foreign object";
-                hint: "SVG images with foreign objects might render incorrectly in typst";
-                hint: "see https://github.com/typst/typst/issues/1421 for more information"
-            ));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Construct the image itself.
-    let image = Image::with_fonts(
-        data.clone().into(),
-        format,
-        elem.alt(styles),
-        engine.world,
-        &families(styles).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-    )
-    .at(span)?;
-
-    // Determine the image's pixel aspect ratio.
-    let pxw = image.width();
-    let pxh = image.height();
-    let px_ratio = pxw / pxh;
-
-    // Determine the region's aspect ratio.
-    let region_ratio = region.size.x / region.size.y;
-
-    // Find out whether the image is wider or taller than the region.
-    let wide = px_ratio > region_ratio;
-
-    // The space into which the image will be placed according to its fit.
-    let target = if region.expand.x && region.expand.y {
-        // If both width and height are forced, take them.
-        region.size
-    } else if region.expand.x {
-        // If just width is forced, take it.
-        Size::new(region.size.x, region.size.y.min(region.size.x / px_ratio))
-    } else if region.expand.y {
-        // If just height is forced, take it.
-        Size::new(region.size.x.min(region.size.y * px_ratio), region.size.y)
-    } else {
-        // If neither is forced, take the natural image size at the image's
-        // DPI bounded by the available space.
-        let dpi = image.dpi().unwrap_or(Image::DEFAULT_DPI);
-        let natural = Axes::new(pxw, pxh).map(|v| Abs::inches(v / dpi));
-        Size::new(
-            natural.x.min(region.size.x).min(region.size.y * px_ratio),
-            natural.y.min(region.size.y).min(region.size.x / px_ratio),
-        )
-    };
-
-    // Compute the actual size of the fitted image.
-    let fit = elem.fit(styles);
-    let fitted = match fit {
-        ImageFit::Cover | ImageFit::Contain => {
-            if wide == (fit == ImageFit::Contain) {
-                Size::new(target.x, target.x / px_ratio)
-            } else {
-                Size::new(target.y * px_ratio, target.y)
-            }
-        }
-        ImageFit::Stretch => target,
-    };
-
-    // First, place the image in a frame of exactly its size and then resize
-    // the frame to the target size, center aligning the image in the
-    // process.
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(fitted);
-    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Image(image, fitted, span));
-    frame.resize(target, Axes::splat(FixedAlignment::Center));
-
-    // Create a clipping group if only part of the image should be visible.
-    if fit == ImageFit::Cover && !target.fits(fitted) {
-        frame.clip(Path::rect(frame.size()));
-    }
-
-    Ok(frame)
-}
-
-/// Determine the image format based on path and data.
-fn determine_format(path: &str, data: &Readable) -> StrResult<ImageFormat> {
-    let ext = std::path::Path::new(path)
-        .extension()
-        .and_then(OsStr::to_str)
-        .unwrap_or_default()
-        .to_lowercase();
-
-    Ok(match ext.as_str() {
-        "png" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Png),
-        "jpg" | "jpeg" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Jpg),
-        "gif" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Gif),
-        "svg" | "svgz" => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
-        _ => match &data {
-            Readable::Str(_) => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
-            Readable::Bytes(bytes) => match RasterFormat::detect(bytes) {
-                Some(f) => ImageFormat::Raster(f),
-                None => bail!("unknown image format"),
-            },
-        },
-    })
-}
-
 /// How an image should adjust itself to a given area,
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
 pub enum ImageFit {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/raster.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/raster.rs
index 3a57e491..829826c7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/raster.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/raster.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@ use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use image::codecs::gif::GifDecoder;
 use image::codecs::jpeg::JpegDecoder;
 use image::codecs::png::PngDecoder;
-use image::Limits;
-use image::{guess_format, DynamicImage, ImageDecoder, ImageResult};
+use image::{guess_format, DynamicImage, ImageDecoder, ImageResult, Limits};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{Bytes, Cast};
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/svg.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/svg.rs
index f7a498a8..f7a498a8 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/svg.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/image/svg.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/line.rs
index e00bf220..d9ddab84 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/line.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Angle, Axes, BlockElem, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Region, Rel, Size,
-};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-use crate::visualize::{Geometry, Stroke};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Angle, Axes, BlockElem, Length, Rel};
+use crate::visualize::Stroke;
 
 /// A line from one point to another.
 ///
@@ -60,41 +56,9 @@ pub struct LineElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<LineElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_line)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_line)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
-
-/// Layout the line.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_line(
-    elem: &Packed<LineElem>,
-    _: &mut Engine,
-    _: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Abs>>| axes.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
-    let start = resolve(elem.start(styles));
-    let delta = elem.end(styles).map(|end| resolve(end) - start).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        let length = elem.length(styles);
-        let angle = elem.angle(styles);
-        let x = angle.cos() * length;
-        let y = angle.sin() * length;
-        resolve(Axes::new(x, y))
-    });
-
-    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-    let size = start.max(start + delta).max(Size::zero());
-
-    if !size.is_finite() {
-        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create line with infinite length");
-    }
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-    let shape = Geometry::Line(delta.to_point()).stroked(stroke);
-    frame.push(start.to_point(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
-    Ok(frame)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/mod.rs
index 5c8bf646..5c8bf646 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/mod.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/paint.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/paint.rs
index cd1006aa..cd1006aa 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/paint.rs
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/path.rs
index 035b76a5..76fd0df0 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/path.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,14 @@
-use kurbo::{CubicBez, ParamCurveExtrema};
+use kurbo::ParamCurveExtrema;
 
+use self::PathVertex::{AllControlPoints, MirroredControlPoint, Vertex};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    array, cast, elem, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Reflect, Resolve, Show,
-    Smart, StyleChain,
+    array, cast, elem, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Reflect, Show, Smart,
+    StyleChain,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel, Size,
-};
-use crate::visualize::{FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Shape, Stroke};
-
-use PathVertex::{AllControlPoints, MirroredControlPoint, Vertex};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Length, Point, Rel, Size};
+use crate::visualize::{FillRule, Paint, Stroke};
 
 /// A path through a list of points, connected by Bezier curves.
 ///
@@ -91,99 +87,13 @@ pub struct PathElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<PathElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_path)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_path)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
 
-/// Layout the path.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_path(
-    elem: &Packed<PathElem>,
-    _: &mut Engine,
-    _: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Length>>| {
-        axes.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point()
-    };
-
-    let vertices = elem.vertices();
-    let points: Vec<Point> = vertices.iter().map(|c| resolve(c.vertex())).collect();
-
-    let mut size = Size::zero();
-    if points.is_empty() {
-        return Ok(Frame::soft(size));
-    }
-
-    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
-    // Construct a closed path given all points.
-    let mut path = Path::new();
-    path.move_to(points[0]);
-
-    let mut add_cubic = |from_point: Point,
-                         to_point: Point,
-                         from: PathVertex,
-                         to: PathVertex| {
-        let from_control_point = resolve(from.control_point_from()) + from_point;
-        let to_control_point = resolve(to.control_point_to()) + to_point;
-        path.cubic_to(from_control_point, to_control_point, to_point);
-
-        let p0 = kurbo::Point::new(from_point.x.to_raw(), from_point.y.to_raw());
-        let p1 = kurbo::Point::new(
-            from_control_point.x.to_raw(),
-            from_control_point.y.to_raw(),
-        );
-        let p2 =
-            kurbo::Point::new(to_control_point.x.to_raw(), to_control_point.y.to_raw());
-        let p3 = kurbo::Point::new(to_point.x.to_raw(), to_point.y.to_raw());
-        let extrema = CubicBez::new(p0, p1, p2, p3).bounding_box();
-        size.x.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.x1));
-        size.y.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.y1));
-    };
-
-    for (vertex_window, point_window) in vertices.windows(2).zip(points.windows(2)) {
-        let from = vertex_window[0];
-        let to = vertex_window[1];
-        let from_point = point_window[0];
-        let to_point = point_window[1];
-
-        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
-    }
-
-    if elem.closed(styles) {
-        let from = *vertices.last().unwrap(); // We checked that we have at least one element.
-        let to = vertices[0];
-        let from_point = *points.last().unwrap();
-        let to_point = points[0];
-
-        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
-        path.close_path();
-    }
-
-    // Prepare fill and stroke.
-    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
-    let fill_rule = elem.fill_rule(styles);
-    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
-        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
-        Smart::Auto => None,
-        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
-    };
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-    let shape = Shape {
-        geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
-        stroke,
-        fill,
-        fill_rule,
-    };
-    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
-    Ok(frame)
-}
-
 /// A component used for path creation.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub enum PathVertex {
@@ -278,6 +188,26 @@ impl Path {
         path
     }
 
+    /// Create a path that describes an axis-aligned ellipse.
+    pub fn ellipse(size: Size) -> Self {
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/a/2007782
+        let z = Abs::zero();
+        let rx = size.x / 2.0;
+        let ry = size.y / 2.0;
+        let m = 0.551784;
+        let mx = m * rx;
+        let my = m * ry;
+        let point = |x, y| Point::new(x + rx, y + ry);
+
+        let mut path = Path::new();
+        path.move_to(point(-rx, z));
+        path.cubic_to(point(-rx, -my), point(-mx, -ry), point(z, -ry));
+        path.cubic_to(point(mx, -ry), point(rx, -my), point(rx, z));
+        path.cubic_to(point(rx, my), point(mx, ry), point(z, ry));
+        path.cubic_to(point(-mx, ry), point(-rx, my), point(-rx, z));
+        path
+    }
+
     /// Push a [`MoveTo`](PathItem::MoveTo) item.
     pub fn move_to(&mut self, p: Point) {
         self.0.push(PathItem::MoveTo(p));
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/pattern.rs
index ca4bb46f..2017ea65 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/pattern.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
+use typst_syntax::{Span, Spanned};
+use typst_utils::{LazyHash, Numeric};
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, repr, scope, ty, Content, Smart, StyleChain};
 use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{layout_frame, Abs, Axes, Frame, Length, Region, Size};
-use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
-use crate::utils::{LazyHash, Numeric};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, Length, Region, Size};
 use crate::visualize::RelativeTo;
 use crate::World;
 
@@ -193,7 +193,8 @@ impl Pattern {
         let locator = Locator::root();
         let styles = StyleChain::new(&library.styles);
         let pod = Region::new(region, Axes::splat(false));
-        let mut frame = layout_frame(engine, &body, locator, styles, pod)?;
+        let mut frame =
+            (engine.routines.layout_frame)(engine, &body, locator, styles, pod)?;
 
         // Set the size of the frame if the size is enforced.
         if let Smart::Custom(size) = size {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/polygon.rs
index 19428204..33e4fd32 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/polygon.rs
@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 use std::f64::consts::PI;
 
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, func, scope, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+    elem, func, scope, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{Axes, BlockElem, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-use crate::visualize::{FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Path, Shape, Stroke};
+use crate::layout::{Axes, BlockElem, Em, Length, Rel};
+use crate::visualize::{FillRule, Paint, Stroke};
 
 /// A closed polygon.
 ///
@@ -128,63 +127,9 @@ impl PolygonElem {
 }
 
 impl Show for Packed<PolygonElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_polygon)
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_polygon)
             .pack()
             .spanned(self.span()))
     }
 }
-
-/// Layout the polygon.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_polygon(
-    elem: &Packed<PolygonElem>,
-    _: &mut Engine,
-    _: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let points: Vec<Point> = elem
-        .vertices()
-        .iter()
-        .map(|c| c.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point())
-        .collect();
-
-    let size = points.iter().fold(Point::zero(), |max, c| c.max(max)).to_size();
-    if !size.is_finite() {
-        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create polygon with infinite size");
-    }
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::hard(size);
-
-    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
-    if points.is_empty() {
-        return Ok(frame);
-    }
-
-    // Prepare fill and stroke.
-    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
-    let fill_rule = elem.fill_rule(styles);
-    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
-        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
-        Smart::Auto => None,
-        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
-    };
-
-    // Construct a closed path given all points.
-    let mut path = Path::new();
-    path.move_to(points[0]);
-    for &point in &points[1..] {
-        path.line_to(point);
-    }
-    path.close_path();
-
-    let shape = Shape {
-        geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
-        stroke,
-        fill,
-        fill_rule,
-    };
-    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
-    Ok(frame)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/shape.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/shape.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01e316a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/shape.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,448 @@
+use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use crate::engine::Engine;
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Cast, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, BlockElem, Corners, Length, Point, Rel, Sides, Size, Sizing};
+use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint, Path, Stroke};
+
+/// A rectangle with optional content.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// // Without content.
+/// #rect(width: 35%, height: 30pt)
+///
+/// // With content.
+/// #rect[
+///   Automatically sized \
+///   to fit the content.
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(title = "Rectangle", Show)]
+pub struct RectElem {
+    /// The rectangle's width, relative to its parent container.
+    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The rectangle's height, relative to its parent container.
+    pub height: Sizing,
+
+    /// How to fill the rectangle.
+    ///
+    /// When setting a fill, the default stroke disappears. To create a
+    /// rectangle with both fill and stroke, you have to configure both.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #rect(fill: blue)
+    /// ```
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// How to stroke the rectangle. This can be:
+    ///
+    /// - `{none}` to disable stroking
+    /// - `{auto}` for a stroke of `{1pt + black}` if and if only if no fill is
+    ///   given.
+    /// - Any kind of [stroke]
+    /// - A dictionary describing the stroke for each side individually. The
+    ///   dictionary can contain the following keys in order of precedence:
+    ///   - `top`: The top stroke.
+    ///   - `right`: The right stroke.
+    ///   - `bottom`: The bottom stroke.
+    ///   - `left`: The left stroke.
+    ///   - `x`: The horizontal stroke.
+    ///   - `y`: The vertical stroke.
+    ///   - `rest`: The stroke on all sides except those for which the
+    ///     dictionary explicitly sets a size.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #stack(
+    ///   dir: ltr,
+    ///   spacing: 1fr,
+    ///   rect(stroke: red),
+    ///   rect(stroke: 2pt),
+    ///   rect(stroke: 2pt + red),
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub stroke: Smart<Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>>,
+
+    /// How much to round the rectangle's corners, relative to the minimum of
+    /// the width and height divided by two. This can be:
+    ///
+    /// - A relative length for a uniform corner radius.
+    /// - A dictionary: With a dictionary, the stroke for each side can be set
+    ///   individually. The dictionary can contain the following keys in order
+    ///   of precedence:
+    ///   - `top-left`: The top-left corner radius.
+    ///   - `top-right`: The top-right corner radius.
+    ///   - `bottom-right`: The bottom-right corner radius.
+    ///   - `bottom-left`: The bottom-left corner radius.
+    ///   - `left`: The top-left and bottom-left corner radii.
+    ///   - `top`: The top-left and top-right corner radii.
+    ///   - `right`: The top-right and bottom-right corner radii.
+    ///   - `bottom`: The bottom-left and bottom-right corner radii.
+    ///   - `rest`: The radii for all corners except those for which the
+    ///     dictionary explicitly sets a size.
+    ///
+    /// ```example
+    /// #set rect(stroke: 4pt)
+    /// #rect(
+    ///   radius: (
+    ///     left: 5pt,
+    ///     top-right: 20pt,
+    ///     bottom-right: 10pt,
+    ///   ),
+    ///   stroke: (
+    ///     left: red,
+    ///     top: yellow,
+    ///     right: green,
+    ///     bottom: blue,
+    ///   ),
+    /// )
+    /// ```
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the rectangle's content.
+    /// See the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the rectangle's size without affecting the layout.
+    /// See the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// The content to place into the rectangle.
+    ///
+    /// When this is omitted, the rectangle takes on a default size of at most
+    /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<RectElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_rect)
+            .with_width(self.width(styles))
+            .with_height(self.height(styles))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A square with optional content.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// // Without content.
+/// #square(size: 40pt)
+///
+/// // With content.
+/// #square[
+///   Automatically \
+///   sized to fit.
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(Show)]
+pub struct SquareElem {
+    /// The square's side length. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
+    /// `height`.
+    #[external]
+    pub size: Smart<Length>,
+
+    /// The square's width. This is mutually exclusive with `size` and `height`.
+    ///
+    /// In contrast to `size`, this can be relative to the parent container's
+    /// width.
+    #[parse(
+        let size = args.named::<Smart<Length>>("size")?.map(|s| s.map(Rel::from));
+        match size {
+            None => args.named("width")?,
+            size => size,
+        }
+    )]
+    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The square's height. This is mutually exclusive with `size` and `width`.
+    ///
+    /// In contrast to `size`, this can be relative to the parent container's
+    /// height.
+    #[parse(match size {
+        None => args.named("height")?,
+        size => size.map(Into::into),
+    })]
+    pub height: Sizing,
+
+    /// How to fill the square. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
+    /// for more details.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// How to stroke the square. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub stroke: Smart<Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>>,
+
+    /// How much to round the square's corners. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the square's content. See the
+    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the square's size without affecting the layout. See
+    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// The content to place into the square. The square expands to fit this
+    /// content, keeping the 1-1 aspect ratio.
+    ///
+    /// When this is omitted, the square takes on a default size of at most
+    /// `{30pt}`.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<SquareElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_square)
+            .with_width(self.width(styles))
+            .with_height(self.height(styles))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// An ellipse with optional content.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// // Without content.
+/// #ellipse(width: 35%, height: 30pt)
+///
+/// // With content.
+/// #ellipse[
+///   #set align(center)
+///   Automatically sized \
+///   to fit the content.
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(Show)]
+pub struct EllipseElem {
+    /// The ellipse's width, relative to its parent container.
+    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The ellipse's height, relative to its parent container.
+    pub height: Sizing,
+
+    /// How to fill the ellipse. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
+    /// for more details.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// How to stroke the ellipse. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub stroke: Smart<Option<Stroke>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the ellipse's content. See the
+    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the ellipse's size without affecting the layout. See
+    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// The content to place into the ellipse.
+    ///
+    /// When this is omitted, the ellipse takes on a default size of at most
+    /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<EllipseElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_ellipse)
+            .with_width(self.width(styles))
+            .with_height(self.height(styles))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A circle with optional content.
+///
+/// # Example
+/// ```example
+/// // Without content.
+/// #circle(radius: 25pt)
+///
+/// // With content.
+/// #circle[
+///   #set align(center + horizon)
+///   Automatically \
+///   sized to fit.
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(Show)]
+pub struct CircleElem {
+    /// The circle's radius. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
+    /// `height`.
+    #[external]
+    pub radius: Length,
+
+    /// The circle's width. This is mutually exclusive with `radius` and
+    /// `height`.
+    ///
+    /// In contrast to `radius`, this can be relative to the parent container's
+    /// width.
+    #[parse(
+        let size = args
+            .named::<Smart<Length>>("radius")?
+            .map(|s| s.map(|r| 2.0 * Rel::from(r)));
+        match size {
+            None => args.named("width")?,
+            size => size,
+        }
+    )]
+    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
+
+    /// The circle's height. This is mutually exclusive with `radius` and
+    /// `width`.
+    ///
+    /// In contrast to `radius`, this can be relative to the parent container's
+    /// height.
+    #[parse(match size {
+        None => args.named("height")?,
+        size => size.map(Into::into),
+    })]
+    pub height: Sizing,
+
+    /// How to fill the circle. See the [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill)
+    /// for more details.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+
+    /// How to stroke the circle. See the
+    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Smart::Auto)]
+    pub stroke: Smart<Option<Stroke>>,
+
+    /// How much to pad the circle's content. See the
+    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    #[default(Sides::splat(Some(Abs::pt(5.0).into())))]
+    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// How much to expand the circle's size without affecting the layout. See
+    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
+    #[resolve]
+    #[fold]
+    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
+
+    /// The content to place into the circle. The circle expands to fit this
+    /// content, keeping the 1-1 aspect ratio.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
+}
+
+impl Show for Packed<CircleElem> {
+    fn show(&self, engine: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), engine.routines.layout_circle)
+            .with_width(self.width(styles))
+            .with_height(self.height(styles))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A geometric shape with optional fill and stroke.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct Shape {
+    /// The shape's geometry.
+    pub geometry: Geometry,
+    /// The shape's background fill.
+    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
+    /// The shape's fill rule.
+    pub fill_rule: FillRule,
+    /// The shape's border stroke.
+    pub stroke: Option<FixedStroke>,
+}
+
+/// A path filling rule.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
+pub enum FillRule {
+    /// Specifies that "inside" is computed by a non-zero sum of signed edge crossings.
+    #[default]
+    NonZero,
+    /// Specifies that "inside" is computed by an odd number of edge crossings.
+    EvenOdd,
+}
+
+/// A shape's geometry.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum Geometry {
+    /// A line to a point (relative to its position).
+    Line(Point),
+    /// A rectangle with its origin in the topleft corner.
+    Rect(Size),
+    /// A bezier path.
+    Path(Path),
+}
+
+impl Geometry {
+    /// Fill the geometry without a stroke.
+    pub fn filled(self, fill: impl Into<Paint>) -> Shape {
+        Shape {
+            geometry: self,
+            fill: Some(fill.into()),
+            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
+            stroke: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Stroke the geometry without a fill.
+    pub fn stroked(self, stroke: FixedStroke) -> Shape {
+        Shape {
+            geometry: self,
+            fill: None,
+            fill_rule: FillRule::default(),
+            stroke: Some(stroke),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The bounding box of the geometry.
+    pub fn bbox_size(&self) -> Size {
+        match self {
+            Self::Line(line) => Size::new(line.x, line.y),
+            Self::Rect(s) => *s,
+            Self::Path(p) => p.bbox_size(),
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/stroke.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/stroke.rs
index 234ad1da..4ca10920 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/stroke.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/visualize/stroke.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
 use crate::diag::{HintedStrResult, SourceResult};
 use crate::foundations::{
@@ -6,7 +7,6 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Length};
-use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 use crate::visualize::{Color, Gradient, Paint, Pattern};
 
 /// Defines how to draw a line.
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ar.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ar.txt
index 5c17d379..5c17d379 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ar.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ar.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ca.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ca.txt
index b16d2f9f..b16d2f9f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ca.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ca.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/cs.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/cs.txt
index 13670586..13670586 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/cs.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/cs.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/da.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/da.txt
index 9664c3b0..9664c3b0 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/da.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/da.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/de.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/de.txt
index 8ba72adb..8ba72adb 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/de.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/de.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/en.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/en.txt
index 02e7accd..02e7accd 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/en.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/en.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/es.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/es.txt
index b0e56642..b0e56642 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/es.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/es.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/et.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/et.txt
index 01f23b4b..01f23b4b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/et.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/et.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/fi.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/fi.txt
index da516d24..da516d24 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/fi.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/fi.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/fr.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/fr.txt
index 6c5b60f6..6c5b60f6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/fr.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/fr.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/gl.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/gl.txt
index 7c26953d..7c26953d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/gl.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/gl.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/gr.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/gr.txt
index 34aa3c44..34aa3c44 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/gr.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/gr.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/he.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/he.txt
index 7c3705a4..7c3705a4 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/he.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/he.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/hu.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/hu.txt
index f1b616b7..f1b616b7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/hu.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/hu.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/is.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/is.txt
index dcfabacd..dcfabacd 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/is.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/is.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/it.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/it.txt
index 4c1cd90c..4c1cd90c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/it.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/it.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ja.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ja.txt
index 6c1f6f9c..6c1f6f9c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ja.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ja.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/la.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/la.txt
index 3ec63fff..3ec63fff 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/la.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/la.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/nb.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/nb.txt
index f51bcd75..f51bcd75 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/nb.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/nb.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/nl.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/nl.txt
index ecd464b3..ecd464b3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/nl.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/nl.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/nn.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/nn.txt
index b067bc56..b067bc56 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/nn.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/nn.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/pl.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/pl.txt
index c4934257..c4934257 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/pl.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/pl.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/pt-PT.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/pt-PT.txt
index 6fbb586a..6fbb586a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/pt-PT.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/pt-PT.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/pt.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/pt.txt
index a8372e6d..a8372e6d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/pt.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/pt.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ro.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ro.txt
index 44d6bc8b..44d6bc8b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ro.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ro.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ru.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ru.txt
index fccf7bc9..fccf7bc9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ru.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ru.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/sl.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/sl.txt
index 1375c4dd..1375c4dd 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/sl.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/sl.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/sq.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/sq.txt
index 3b429545..3b429545 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/sq.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/sq.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/sr.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/sr.txt
index 3a2f92b9..3a2f92b9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/sr.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/sr.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/sv.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/sv.txt
index 61a39403..61a39403 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/sv.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/sv.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/tl.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/tl.txt
index a7b6b571..a7b6b571 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/tl.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/tl.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/tr.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/tr.txt
index a7068a4f..a7068a4f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/tr.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/tr.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/ua.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/ua.txt
index 30b409a6..30b409a6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/ua.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/ua.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/vi.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/vi.txt
index a65ac09a..a65ac09a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/vi.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/vi.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/zh-TW.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/zh-TW.txt
index af6d5950..af6d5950 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/zh-TW.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/zh-TW.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst/translations/zh.txt b/crates/typst-library/translations/zh.txt
index d4b86544..d4b86544 100644
--- a/crates/typst/translations/zh.txt
+++ b/crates/typst-library/translations/zh.txt
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/cast.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/cast.rs
index c732ce6b..9254cdb9 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/cast.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/cast.rs
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn cast(stream: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     let from_value = (!input.from_value.is_empty() || input.dynamic).then(|| {
         quote! {
             impl #foundations::FromValue for #ty {
-                fn from_value(value: #foundations::Value) -> ::typst::diag::HintedStrResult<Self> {
+                fn from_value(value: #foundations::Value) -> ::typst_library::diag::HintedStrResult<Self> {
                     #from_value_body
                 }
             }
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/elem.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/elem.rs
index a3666e1d..3b968f76 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/elem.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/elem.rs
@@ -314,6 +314,7 @@ fn create(element: &Elem) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     let fields_impl = create_fields_impl(element);
     let repr_impl = element.cannot("Repr").then(|| create_repr_impl(element));
     let locatable_impl = element.can("Locatable").then(|| create_locatable_impl(element));
+    let mathy_impl = element.can("Mathy").then(|| create_mathy_impl(element));
     let into_value_impl = create_into_value_impl(element);
 
     // We use a const block to create an anonymous scope, as to not leak any
@@ -333,6 +334,7 @@ fn create(element: &Elem) -> Result<TokenStream> {
             #partial_eq_impl
             #repr_impl
             #locatable_impl
+            #mathy_impl
             #into_value_impl
         };
     })
@@ -632,7 +634,7 @@ fn create_native_elem_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
     let Elem { name, ident, title, scope, keywords, docs, .. } = element;
 
     let local_name = if element.can("LocalName") {
-        quote! { Some(<#foundations::Packed<#ident> as ::typst::text::LocalName>::local_name) }
+        quote! { Some(<#foundations::Packed<#ident> as ::typst_library::text::LocalName>::local_name) }
     } else {
         quote! { None }
     };
@@ -761,9 +763,9 @@ fn create_construct_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
     quote! {
         impl #foundations::Construct for #ident {
             fn construct(
-                engine: &mut ::typst::engine::Engine,
+                engine: &mut ::typst_library::engine::Engine,
                 args: &mut #foundations::Args,
-            ) -> ::typst::diag::SourceResult<#foundations::Content> {
+            ) -> ::typst_library::diag::SourceResult<#foundations::Content> {
                 #(#setup)*
                 Ok(#foundations::Content::new(Self { #(#fields),* }))
             }
@@ -788,9 +790,9 @@ fn create_set_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
     quote! {
         impl #foundations::Set for #ident {
             fn set(
-                engine: &mut ::typst::engine::Engine,
+                engine: &mut ::typst_library::engine::Engine,
                 args: &mut #foundations::Args,
-            ) -> ::typst::diag::SourceResult<#foundations::Styles> {
+            ) -> ::typst_library::diag::SourceResult<#foundations::Styles> {
                 let mut styles = #foundations::Styles::new();
                 #(#handlers)*
                 Ok(styles)
@@ -837,7 +839,7 @@ fn create_capable_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
                 // Safety: The vtable function doesn't require initialized
                 // data, so it's fine to use a dangling pointer.
                 return Some(unsafe {
-                    ::typst::utils::fat::vtable(dangling as *const dyn #capability)
+                    ::typst_utils::fat::vtable(dangling as *const dyn #capability)
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -1047,7 +1049,13 @@ fn create_repr_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
 /// Creates the element's `Locatable` implementation.
 fn create_locatable_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
     let ident = &element.ident;
-    quote! { impl ::typst::introspection::Locatable for #foundations::Packed<#ident> {} }
+    quote! { impl ::typst_library::introspection::Locatable for #foundations::Packed<#ident> {} }
+}
+
+/// Creates the element's `Mathy` implementation.
+fn create_mathy_impl(element: &Elem) -> TokenStream {
+    let ident = &element.ident;
+    quote! { impl ::typst_library::math::Mathy for #foundations::Packed<#ident> {} }
 }
 
 /// Creates the element's `IntoValue` implementation.
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/func.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/func.rs
index 8d3fd439..d402efd9 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/func.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/func.rs
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ fn create(func: &Func, item: &syn::ItemFn) -> TokenStream {
         let ident_data = quote::format_ident!("{ident}_data");
         quote! {
             #[doc(hidden)]
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
             #vis fn #ident_data() -> &'static #foundations::NativeFuncData {
                 static DATA: #foundations::NativeFuncData = #data;
                 &DATA
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/symbols.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/symbols.rs
index 6b35f87f..9917f436 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/symbols.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/symbols.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ use syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream, Parser};
 use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
 use syn::{Ident, LitChar, Path, Result, Token};
 
+use crate::util::foundations;
+
 /// Expand the `symbols!` macro.
 pub fn symbols(stream: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
     let list: Punctuated<Symbol, Token![,]> =
@@ -14,7 +16,7 @@ pub fn symbols(stream: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
         let kind = match &symbol.kind {
             Kind::Single(c, h) => {
                 let symbol = construct_sym_char(c, h);
-                quote! { ::typst::symbols::Symbol::single(#symbol), }
+                quote! { #foundations::Symbol::single(#symbol), }
             }
             Kind::Multiple(variants) => {
                 let variants = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn symbols(stream: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
                     quote! { (#name, #symbol) }
                 });
                 quote! {
-                    ::typst::symbols::Symbol::list(&[#(#variants),*])
+                    #foundations::Symbol::list(&[#(#variants),*])
                 }
             }
         };
@@ -35,11 +37,11 @@ pub fn symbols(stream: TokenStream) -> Result<TokenStream> {
 
 fn construct_sym_char(ch: &LitChar, handler: &Handler) -> TokenStream {
     match &handler.0 {
-        None => quote! { ::typst::symbols::SymChar::pure(#ch), },
+        None => quote! {  #foundations::SymChar::pure(#ch), },
         Some(path) => quote! {
-            ::typst::symbols::SymChar::with_func(
+             #foundations::SymChar::with_func(
                 #ch,
-                <#path as ::typst::foundations::NativeFunc>::func,
+                <#path as ::typst_library::foundations::NativeFunc>::func,
             ),
         },
     }
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/time.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/time.rs
index b0758dc2..94fa4e5b 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/time.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/time.rs
@@ -28,17 +28,15 @@ impl Parse for Meta {
 
 fn create(meta: Meta, mut item: syn::ItemFn) -> TokenStream {
     let name = meta.name.unwrap_or_else(|| item.sig.ident.to_string());
-    let span = meta
-        .span
-        .as_ref()
-        .map(|span| quote! { Some(#span) })
-        .unwrap_or_else(|| quote! { None });
+    let construct = match meta.span.as_ref() {
+        Some(span) => quote! { with_span(#name, Some(#span.into_raw())) },
+        None => quote! { new(#name) },
+    };
 
     item.block.stmts.insert(
         0,
         parse_quote! {
-            #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
-            let __scope = ::typst_timing::TimingScope::new(#name, #span);
+            let __scope = ::typst_timing::TimingScope::#construct;
         },
     );
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-macros/src/util.rs b/crates/typst-macros/src/util.rs
index 4d8255e0..e8c0910b 100644
--- a/crates/typst-macros/src/util.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-macros/src/util.rs
@@ -200,13 +200,13 @@ impl<T: Parse> Parse for Array<T> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Shorthand for `::typst::foundations`.
+/// Shorthand for `::typst_library::foundations`.
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 pub struct foundations;
 
 impl quote::ToTokens for foundations {
     fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
-        quote! { ::typst::foundations }.to_tokens(tokens);
+        quote! { ::typst_library::foundations }.to_tokens(tokens);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-pdf/Cargo.toml
index 64229945..4cef14bd 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ keywords = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst = { workspace = true }
 typst-assets = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
 typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+arrayvec = { workspace = true }
 base64 = { workspace = true }
 bytemuck = { workspace = true }
 comemo = { workspace = true }
@@ -26,12 +29,10 @@ indexmap = { workspace = true }
 miniz_oxide = { workspace = true }
 once_cell = { workspace = true }
 pdf-writer = { workspace = true }
-arrayvec = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 subsetter = { workspace = true }
 svg2pdf = { workspace = true }
 ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
-unscanny = { workspace = true }
 xmp-writer = { workspace = true }
 
 [lints]
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/catalog.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/catalog.rs
index 7aba0eb6..1412afe6 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/catalog.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/catalog.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ use ecow::eco_format;
 use pdf_writer::types::Direction;
 use pdf_writer::writers::PageLabel;
 use pdf_writer::{Finish, Name, Pdf, Ref, Str, TextStr};
-use typst::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use typst::foundations::{Datetime, Smart};
-use typst::layout::Dir;
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::text::Lang;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Datetime, Smart};
+use typst_library::layout::Dir;
+use typst_library::text::Lang;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 use xmp_writer::{DateTime, LangId, RenditionClass, Timezone, XmpWriter};
 
 use crate::page::PdfPageLabel;
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/color.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/color.rs
index a19d776a..26f2044c 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/color.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/color.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pdf_writer::{writers, Chunk, Dict, Filter, Name, Ref};
-use typst::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::visualize::{Color, ColorSpace, Paint};
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Color, ColorSpace, Paint};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::{content, deflate, PdfChunk, PdfOptions, Renumber, WithResources};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/color_font.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/color_font.rs
index f6fea396..1183e966 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/color_font.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/color_font.rs
@@ -12,16 +12,15 @@ use indexmap::IndexMap;
 use pdf_writer::types::UnicodeCmap;
 use pdf_writer::writers::WMode;
 use pdf_writer::{Filter, Finish, Name, Rect, Ref};
-use typst::diag::{bail, error, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use typst::foundations::Repr;
-use typst::layout::Em;
-use typst::text::color::glyph_frame;
-use typst::text::{Font, Glyph, TextItemView};
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::Repr;
+use typst_library::layout::Em;
+use typst_library::text::color::glyph_frame;
+use typst_library::text::{Font, Glyph, TextItemView};
 
-use crate::content;
 use crate::font::{base_font_name, write_font_descriptor, CMAP_NAME, SYSTEM_INFO};
 use crate::resources::{Resources, ResourcesRefs};
-use crate::{EmExt, PdfChunk, PdfOptions, WithGlobalRefs};
+use crate::{content, EmExt, PdfChunk, PdfOptions, WithGlobalRefs};
 
 /// Write color fonts in the PDF document.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/content.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/content.rs
index babb3e57..ce72365d 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/content.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/content.rs
@@ -10,20 +10,20 @@ use pdf_writer::types::{
 };
 use pdf_writer::writers::PositionedItems;
 use pdf_writer::{Content, Finish, Name, Rect, Str};
-use typst::diag::{bail, error, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
-use typst::foundations::Repr;
-use typst::layout::{
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, error, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::Repr;
+use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, Em, Frame, FrameItem, GroupItem, Point, Ratio, Size, Transform,
 };
-use typst::model::Destination;
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::text::color::should_outline;
-use typst::text::{Font, Glyph, TextItem, TextItemView};
-use typst::utils::{Deferred, Numeric, SliceExt};
-use typst::visualize::{
+use typst_library::model::Destination;
+use typst_library::text::color::should_outline;
+use typst_library::text::{Font, Glyph, TextItem, TextItemView};
+use typst_library::visualize::{
     FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, Image, LineCap, LineJoin, Paint, Path, PathItem,
     Shape,
 };
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{Deferred, Numeric, SliceExt};
 
 use crate::color::PaintEncode;
 use crate::color_font::ColorFontMap;
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/extg.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/extg.rs
index 12bfa26a..06617d8d 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/extg.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/extg.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use pdf_writer::Ref;
-use typst::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
 
 use crate::{PdfChunk, WithGlobalRefs};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/font.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/font.rs
index c870d32a..93d75e50 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/font.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/font.rs
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ use pdf_writer::writers::{FontDescriptor, WMode};
 use pdf_writer::{Chunk, Filter, Finish, Name, Rect, Ref, Str};
 use subsetter::GlyphRemapper;
 use ttf_parser::{name_id, GlyphId, Tag};
-use typst::diag::{At, SourceResult};
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::text::Font;
-use typst::utils::SliceExt;
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::text::Font;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::SliceExt;
 
 use crate::{deflate, EmExt, NameExt, PdfChunk, WithGlobalRefs};
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ pub(crate) fn base_font_name<T: Hash>(font: &Font, glyphs: &T) -> EcoString {
 /// Produce a unique 6 letter tag for a glyph set.
 pub(crate) fn subset_tag<T: Hash>(glyphs: &T) -> EcoString {
     const BASE: u128 = 26;
-    let mut hash = typst::utils::hash128(&glyphs);
+    let mut hash = typst_utils::hash128(&glyphs);
     let mut letter = [b'A'; SUBSET_TAG_LEN];
     for l in letter.iter_mut() {
         *l = b'A' + (hash % BASE) as u8;
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/gradient.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/gradient.rs
index be0a3ea0..6cd4c1ae 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/gradient.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/gradient.rs
@@ -6,18 +6,17 @@ use ecow::eco_format;
 use pdf_writer::types::{ColorSpaceOperand, FunctionShadingType};
 use pdf_writer::writers::StreamShadingType;
 use pdf_writer::{Filter, Finish, Name, Ref};
-use typst::diag::SourceResult;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Angle, Point, Quadrant, Ratio, Transform};
-use typst::utils::Numeric;
-use typst::visualize::{
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Angle, Point, Quadrant, Ratio, Transform};
+use typst_library::visualize::{
     Color, ColorSpace, Gradient, RatioOrAngle, RelativeTo, WeightedColor,
 };
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
 use crate::color::{
     self, check_cmyk_allowed, ColorSpaceExt, PaintEncode, QuantizedColor,
 };
-use crate::{content, WithGlobalRefs};
-use crate::{deflate, transform_to_array, AbsExt, PdfChunk};
+use crate::{content, deflate, transform_to_array, AbsExt, PdfChunk, WithGlobalRefs};
 
 /// A unique-transform-aspect-ratio combination that will be encoded into the
 /// PDF.
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/image.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/image.rs
index bff09e09..9651d31b 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/image.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/image.rs
@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@ use std::io::Cursor;
 use ecow::eco_format;
 use image::{DynamicImage, GenericImageView, Rgba};
 use pdf_writer::{Chunk, Filter, Finish, Ref};
-use typst::diag::{At, SourceResult, StrResult};
-use typst::utils::Deferred;
-use typst::visualize::{
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use typst_library::visualize::{
     ColorSpace, Image, ImageKind, RasterFormat, RasterImage, SvgImage,
 };
+use typst_utils::Deferred;
 
 use crate::{color, deflate, PdfChunk, WithGlobalRefs};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/lib.rs
index 7df77f10..efc99b74 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/lib.rs
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@ use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 use base64::Engine;
 use pdf_writer::{Chunk, Name, Pdf, Ref, Str, TextStr};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-use typst::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
-use typst::foundations::{Datetime, Smart};
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Em, PageRanges, Transform};
-use typst::model::Document;
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::text::Font;
-use typst::utils::Deferred;
-use typst::visualize::Image;
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Datetime, Smart};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Em, PageRanges, Transform};
+use typst_library::model::Document;
+use typst_library::text::Font;
+use typst_library::visualize::Image;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Deferred;
 
 use crate::catalog::write_catalog;
 use crate::color::{alloc_color_functions_refs, ColorFunctionRefs};
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ fn deflate_deferred(content: Vec<u8>) -> Deferred<Vec<u8>> {
 /// Create a base64-encoded hash of the value.
 fn hash_base64<T: Hash>(value: &T) -> String {
     base64::engine::general_purpose::STANDARD
-        .encode(typst::utils::hash128(value).to_be_bytes())
+        .encode(typst_utils::hash128(value).to_be_bytes())
 }
 
 /// Additional methods for [`Abs`].
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/named_destination.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/named_destination.rs
index 2d893526..90552335 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/named_destination.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/named_destination.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use pdf_writer::writers::Destination;
 use pdf_writer::{Ref, Str};
-use typst::diag::SourceResult;
-use typst::foundations::{Label, NativeElement};
-use typst::introspection::Location;
-use typst::layout::Abs;
-use typst::model::HeadingElem;
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Label, NativeElement};
+use typst_library::introspection::Location;
+use typst_library::layout::Abs;
+use typst_library::model::HeadingElem;
 
 use crate::{AbsExt, PdfChunk, Renumber, StrExt, WithGlobalRefs};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/outline.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/outline.rs
index 5c099b89..b9e71319 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/outline.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/outline.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
 use pdf_writer::{Finish, Pdf, Ref, TextStr};
-use typst::foundations::{NativeElement, Packed, StyleChain};
-use typst::layout::Abs;
-use typst::model::HeadingElem;
+use typst_library::foundations::{NativeElement, Packed, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::layout::Abs;
+use typst_library::model::HeadingElem;
 
 use crate::{AbsExt, TextStrExt, WithEverything};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/page.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/page.rs
index 631eec11..27daf6c9 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/page.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/page.rs
@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use pdf_writer::types::{ActionType, AnnotationFlags, AnnotationType, NumberingStyle};
 use pdf_writer::{Filter, Finish, Name, Rect, Ref, Str};
-use typst::diag::SourceResult;
-use typst::foundations::Label;
-use typst::introspection::Location;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Page};
-use typst::model::{Destination, Numbering};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::foundations::Label;
+use typst_library::introspection::Location;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Page};
+use typst_library::model::{Destination, Numbering};
 
-use crate::content;
 use crate::{
-    AbsExt, PdfChunk, PdfOptions, Resources, WithDocument, WithRefs, WithResources,
+    content, AbsExt, PdfChunk, PdfOptions, Resources, WithDocument, WithRefs,
+    WithResources,
 };
 
 /// Construct page objects.
@@ -252,7 +252,8 @@ impl PdfPageLabel {
         // If there is a suffix, we cannot use the common style optimisation,
         // since PDF does not provide a suffix field.
         let style = if pat.suffix.is_empty() {
-            use {typst::model::NumberingKind as Kind, PdfPageLabelStyle as Style};
+            use typst_library::model::NumberingKind as Kind;
+            use PdfPageLabelStyle as Style;
             match kind {
                 Kind::Arabic => Some(Style::Arabic),
                 Kind::LowerRoman => Some(Style::LowerRoman),
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/pattern.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/pattern.rs
index fd9d9dbb..ddc22fbd 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/pattern.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/pattern.rs
@@ -3,15 +3,14 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 use ecow::eco_format;
 use pdf_writer::types::{ColorSpaceOperand, PaintType, TilingType};
 use pdf_writer::{Filter, Name, Rect, Ref};
-use typst::diag::SourceResult;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Ratio, Transform};
-use typst::utils::Numeric;
-use typst::visualize::{Pattern, RelativeTo};
+use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Ratio, Transform};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Pattern, RelativeTo};
+use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
 use crate::color::PaintEncode;
-use crate::content;
 use crate::resources::{Remapper, ResourcesRefs};
-use crate::{transform_to_array, PdfChunk, Resources, WithGlobalRefs};
+use crate::{content, transform_to_array, PdfChunk, Resources, WithGlobalRefs};
 
 /// Writes the actual patterns (tiling patterns) to the PDF.
 /// This is performed once after writing all pages.
diff --git a/crates/typst-pdf/src/resources.rs b/crates/typst-pdf/src/resources.rs
index fabf0b3f..d3fde5dd 100644
--- a/crates/typst-pdf/src/resources.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-pdf/src/resources.rs
@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ use std::hash::Hash;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use pdf_writer::{Dict, Finish, Name, Ref};
 use subsetter::GlyphRemapper;
-use typst::diag::{SourceResult, StrResult};
-use typst::syntax::Span;
-use typst::text::{Font, Lang};
-use typst::utils::Deferred;
-use typst::visualize::Image;
+use typst_library::diag::{SourceResult, StrResult};
+use typst_library::text::{Font, Lang};
+use typst_library::visualize::Image;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::Deferred;
 
 use crate::color::ColorSpaces;
 use crate::color_font::ColorFontMap;
diff --git a/crates/typst-realize/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-realize/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78bda259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-realize/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+[package]
+name = "typst-realize"
+description = "Typst's realization subsystem."
+version = { workspace = true }
+rust-version = { workspace = true }
+authors = { workspace = true }
+edition = { workspace = true }
+homepage = { workspace = true }
+repository = { workspace = true }
+license = { workspace = true }
+categories = { workspace = true }
+keywords = { workspace = true }
+readme = { workspace = true }
+
+[dependencies]
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
+typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
+typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
+arrayvec = { workspace = true }
+bumpalo = { workspace = true }
+comemo = { workspace = true }
+ecow = { workspace = true }
+once_cell = { workspace = true }
+regex = { workspace = true }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/realize.rs b/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs
index b6a969ba..58668962 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/realize.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-//! Realization of content.
+//! Typst's realization subsystem.
 //!
 //! *Realization* is the process of recursively applying styling and, in
-//! particular, show rules to produce well-known elements that can be laid out.
+//! particular, show rules to produce well-known elements that can be processed
+//! further.
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
@@ -10,29 +11,26 @@ use bumpalo::collections::{String as BumpString, Vec as BumpVec};
 use comemo::Track;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{
     Content, Context, ContextElem, Element, NativeElement, Recipe, RecipeIndex, Selector,
     SequenceElem, Show, ShowSet, Style, StyleChain, StyleVec, StyledElem, Styles,
     Synthesize, Transformation,
 };
-use crate::introspection::{Locatable, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
-use crate::layout::{
+use typst_library::introspection::{Locatable, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
+use typst_library::layout::{
     AlignElem, BoxElem, HElem, InlineElem, PageElem, PagebreakElem, VElem,
 };
-use crate::math::{EquationElem, LayoutMath};
-use crate::model::{
-    CiteElem, CiteGroup, DocumentElem, DocumentInfo, EnumElem, ListElem, ListItemLike,
-    ListLike, ParElem, ParbreakElem, TermsElem,
+use typst_library::math::{EquationElem, Mathy};
+use typst_library::model::{
+    CiteElem, CiteGroup, DocumentElem, EnumElem, ListElem, ListItemLike, ListLike,
+    ParElem, ParbreakElem, TermsElem,
 };
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{LinebreakElem, SmartQuoteElem, SpaceElem, TextElem};
-use crate::utils::{SliceExt, SmallBitSet};
-
-/// A pair of content and a style chain that applies to it.
-pub type Pair<'a> = (&'a Content, StyleChain<'a>);
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind};
+use typst_library::text::{LinebreakElem, SmartQuoteElem, SpaceElem, TextElem};
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{SliceExt, SmallBitSet};
 
 /// Realize content into a flat list of well-known, styled items.
 #[typst_macros::time(name = "realize")]
@@ -65,30 +63,6 @@ pub fn realize<'a>(
     Ok(s.sink)
 }
 
-/// Defines what kind of realization we are performing.
-pub enum RealizationKind<'a> {
-    /// This the root realization for the document. Requires a mutable reference
-    /// to document metadata that will be filled from `set document` rules.
-    Root(&'a mut DocumentInfo),
-    /// A nested realization in a container (e.g. a `block`).
-    Container,
-    /// A realization within math.
-    Math,
-}
-
-/// Temporary storage arenas for lifetime extension during realization.
-///
-/// Must be kept live while the content returned from realization is processed.
-#[derive(Default)]
-pub struct Arenas {
-    /// A typed arena for owned content.
-    pub content: typed_arena::Arena<Content>,
-    /// A typed arena for owned styles.
-    pub styles: typed_arena::Arena<Styles>,
-    /// An untyped arena for everything that is `Copy`.
-    pub bump: bumpalo::Bump,
-}
-
 /// Mutable state for realization.
 ///
 /// Sadly, we need that many lifetimes because &mut references are invariant and
@@ -323,8 +297,8 @@ fn visit_math_rules<'a>(
             }
         }
     } else {
-        // Transparently wrap math-y content into equations.
-        if content.can::<dyn LayoutMath>() && !content.is::<EquationElem>() {
+        // Transparently wrap mathy content into equations.
+        if content.can::<dyn Mathy>() && !content.is::<EquationElem>() {
             let eq = EquationElem::new(content.clone()).pack().spanned(content.span());
             visit(s, s.store(eq), styles)?;
             return Ok(true);
@@ -523,7 +497,7 @@ fn prepare(
     //
     // The element could already have a location even if it is not prepared
     // when it stems from a query.
-    let key = crate::utils::hash128(&target);
+    let key = typst_utils::hash128(&target);
     if target.location().is_none()
         && (target.can::<dyn Locatable>() || target.label().is_some())
     {
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-render/Cargo.toml
index 56a18e80..7d01d7e3 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-render/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ keywords = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
 typst-macros = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
 bytemuck = { workspace = true }
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ comemo = { workspace = true }
 image = { workspace = true }
 pixglyph = { workspace = true }
 resvg = { workspace = true }
-roxmltree = { workspace = true }
 tiny-skia = { workspace = true }
 ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
-usvg = { workspace = true }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/src/image.rs b/crates/typst-render/src/image.rs
index dcbf7982..27b03911 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/src/image.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-render/src/image.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use image::imageops::FilterType;
 use image::{GenericImageView, Rgba};
 use tiny_skia as sk;
-use typst::layout::Size;
-use typst::visualize::{Image, ImageKind};
+use typst_library::layout::Size;
+use typst_library::visualize::{Image, ImageKind};
 
 use crate::{AbsExt, State};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-render/src/lib.rs
index d5eeacce..8de3852d 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-render/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ mod shape;
 mod text;
 
 use tiny_skia as sk;
-use typst::layout::{
+use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, Axes, Frame, FrameItem, FrameKind, GroupItem, Page, Point, Size, Transform,
 };
-use typst::model::Document;
-use typst::visualize::{Color, Geometry, Paint};
+use typst_library::model::Document;
+use typst_library::visualize::{Color, Geometry, Paint};
 
 /// Export a page into a raster image.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/src/paint.rs b/crates/typst-render/src/paint.rs
index 3a507ca4..689f28a8 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/src/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-render/src/paint.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use tiny_skia as sk;
-use typst::layout::{Axes, Point, Ratio, Size};
-use typst::visualize::{Color, Gradient, Paint, Pattern, RelativeTo};
+use typst_library::layout::{Axes, Point, Ratio, Size};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Color, Gradient, Paint, Pattern, RelativeTo};
 
 use crate::{AbsExt, State};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/src/shape.rs b/crates/typst-render/src/shape.rs
index f31262ef..f9ff7f3a 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/src/shape.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-render/src/shape.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use tiny_skia as sk;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Axes, Point, Ratio, Size};
-use typst::visualize::{
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, Point, Ratio, Size};
+use typst_library::visualize::{
     DashPattern, FillRule, FixedStroke, Geometry, LineCap, LineJoin, Path, PathItem,
     Shape,
 };
diff --git a/crates/typst-render/src/text.rs b/crates/typst-render/src/text.rs
index 1685e67d..c017b1ce 100644
--- a/crates/typst-render/src/text.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-render/src/text.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use pixglyph::Bitmap;
 use tiny_skia as sk;
 use ttf_parser::{GlyphId, OutlineBuilder};
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Axes, Point, Size};
-use typst::text::color::{glyph_frame, should_outline};
-use typst::text::{Font, TextItem};
-use typst::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, Point, Size};
+use typst_library::text::color::{glyph_frame, should_outline};
+use typst_library::text::{Font, TextItem};
+use typst_library::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint};
 
 use crate::paint::{self, GradientSampler, PaintSampler, PatternSampler};
 use crate::{shape, AbsExt, State};
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-svg/Cargo.toml
index df49a2b1..41d35565 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ keywords = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
 typst-macros = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
+typst-utils = { workspace = true }
 base64 = { workspace = true }
 comemo = { workspace = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/src/image.rs b/crates/typst-svg/src/image.rs
index 87bfbd27..ede4e76e 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/src/image.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/src/image.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use base64::Engine;
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Axes};
-use typst::visualize::{Image, ImageFormat, RasterFormat, VectorFormat};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Image, ImageFormat, RasterFormat, VectorFormat};
 
 use crate::SVGRenderer;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-svg/src/lib.rs
index deb5fb00..0ae7b2da 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/src/lib.rs
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter, Write};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use ttf_parser::OutlineBuilder;
-use typst::layout::{
+use typst_library::layout::{
     Abs, Frame, FrameItem, FrameKind, GroupItem, Page, Point, Ratio, Size, Transform,
 };
-use typst::model::Document;
-use typst::utils::hash128;
-use typst::visualize::{Geometry, Gradient, Pattern};
+use typst_library::model::Document;
+use typst_library::visualize::{Geometry, Gradient, Pattern};
+use typst_utils::hash128;
 use xmlwriter::XmlWriter;
 
 use crate::paint::{GradientRef, PatternRef, SVGSubGradient};
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/src/paint.rs b/crates/typst-svg/src/paint.rs
index 364cdd23..58348c94 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/src/paint.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/src/paint.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use std::f32::consts::TAU;
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use ttf_parser::OutlineBuilder;
-use typst::foundations::Repr;
-use typst::layout::{Angle, Axes, Frame, Quadrant, Ratio, Size, Transform};
-use typst::utils::hash128;
-use typst::visualize::{Color, FillRule, Gradient, Paint, Pattern, RatioOrAngle};
+use typst_library::foundations::Repr;
+use typst_library::layout::{Angle, Axes, Frame, Quadrant, Ratio, Size, Transform};
+use typst_library::visualize::{Color, FillRule, Gradient, Paint, Pattern, RatioOrAngle};
+use typst_utils::hash128;
 use xmlwriter::XmlWriter;
 
 use crate::{Id, SVGRenderer, State, SvgMatrix, SvgPathBuilder};
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/src/shape.rs b/crates/typst-svg/src/shape.rs
index 12be2e22..e188ed8b 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/src/shape.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/src/shape.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use ttf_parser::OutlineBuilder;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Ratio, Size, Transform};
-use typst::visualize::{
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Ratio, Size, Transform};
+use typst_library::visualize::{
     FixedStroke, Geometry, LineCap, LineJoin, Paint, Path, PathItem, RelativeTo, Shape,
 };
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-svg/src/text.rs b/crates/typst-svg/src/text.rs
index 4a99b4b8..76cd53cb 100644
--- a/crates/typst-svg/src/text.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-svg/src/text.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::io::Read;
 use base64::Engine;
 use ecow::EcoString;
 use ttf_parser::GlyphId;
-use typst::layout::{Abs, Point, Ratio, Size, Transform};
-use typst::text::{Font, TextItem};
-use typst::utils::hash128;
-use typst::visualize::{FillRule, Image, Paint, RasterFormat, RelativeTo};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Point, Ratio, Size, Transform};
+use typst_library::text::{Font, TextItem};
+use typst_library::visualize::{FillRule, Image, Paint, RasterFormat, RelativeTo};
+use typst_utils::hash128;
 
 use crate::{SVGRenderer, State, SvgMatrix, SvgPathBuilder};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-syntax/Cargo.toml
index e9c39992..3dc983eb 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ keywords = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
+typst-timing = { workspace = true }
 typst-utils = { workspace = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
 once_cell = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/src/file.rs b/crates/typst-syntax/src/file.rs
index 89aaa55e..bc7dd314 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/src/file.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/src/file.rs
@@ -97,12 +97,16 @@ impl FileId {
     }
 
     /// Construct from a raw number.
-    pub(crate) const fn from_raw(v: u16) -> Self {
+    ///
+    /// Should only be used with numbers retrieved via
+    /// [`into_raw`](Self::into_raw). Misuse may results in panics, but no
+    /// unsafety.
+    pub const fn from_raw(v: u16) -> Self {
         Self(v)
     }
 
     /// Extract the raw underlying number.
-    pub(crate) const fn into_raw(self) -> u16 {
+    pub const fn into_raw(self) -> u16 {
         self.0
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/src/highlight.rs b/crates/typst-syntax/src/highlight.rs
index ddd29326..de8ed65c 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/src/highlight.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/src/highlight.rs
@@ -411,9 +411,10 @@ fn highlight_html_impl(html: &mut String, node: &LinkedNode) {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::*;
     use std::ops::Range;
 
+    use super::*;
+
     #[test]
     fn test_highlighting() {
         use Tag::*;
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/src/parser.rs b/crates/typst-syntax/src/parser.rs
index dba6d69d..8c783ffe 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/src/parser.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/src/parser.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 /// Parses a source file.
 pub fn parse(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
+    let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse");
     let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Markup);
     markup(&mut p, true, 0, |_| false);
     p.finish().into_iter().next().unwrap()
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ pub fn parse(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
 
 /// Parses top-level code.
 pub fn parse_code(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
+    let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse code");
     let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Code);
     let m = p.marker();
     p.skip();
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@ pub fn parse_code(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
 
 /// Parses top-level math.
 pub fn parse_math(text: &str) -> SyntaxNode {
+    let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("parse math");
     let mut p = Parser::new(text, 0, LexMode::Math);
     math(&mut p, |_| false);
     p.finish().into_iter().next().unwrap()
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/src/source.rs b/crates/typst-syntax/src/source.rs
index a2ccb5bb..3454a265 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/src/source.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/src/source.rs
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ struct Repr {
 impl Source {
     /// Create a new source file.
     pub fn new(id: FileId, text: String) -> Self {
+        let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("create source");
         let mut root = parse(&text);
         root.numberize(id, Span::FULL).unwrap();
         Self(Arc::new(Repr {
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ impl Source {
     ///
     /// Returns the range in the new source that was ultimately reparsed.
     pub fn replace(&mut self, new: &str) -> Range<usize> {
+        let _scope = typst_timing::TimingScope::new("replace source");
         let old = self.text();
 
         let mut prefix =
diff --git a/crates/typst-syntax/src/span.rs b/crates/typst-syntax/src/span.rs
index 85745f60..0847ceea 100644
--- a/crates/typst-syntax/src/span.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-syntax/src/span.rs
@@ -83,6 +83,20 @@ impl Span {
         self.0.get() & ((1 << Self::BITS) - 1)
     }
 
+    /// Construct from a raw number.
+    ///
+    /// Should only be used with numbers retrieved via
+    /// [`into_raw`](Self::into_raw). Misuse may results in panics, but no
+    /// unsafety.
+    pub const fn from_raw(v: NonZeroU64) -> Self {
+        Self(v)
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the raw underlying number.
+    pub const fn into_raw(self) -> NonZeroU64 {
+        self.0
+    }
+
     /// Return `other` if `self` is detached and `self` otherwise.
     pub fn or(self, other: Self) -> Self {
         if self.is_detached() {
diff --git a/crates/typst-timing/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst-timing/Cargo.toml
index 525d65c5..2d42269f 100644
--- a/crates/typst-timing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst-timing/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ keywords = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
 parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
 serde_json = { workspace = true }
diff --git a/crates/typst-timing/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-timing/src/lib.rs
index 4e711d5f..0df65443 100644
--- a/crates/typst-timing/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-timing/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,14 +2,15 @@
 
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::io::Write;
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering::Relaxed};
+use std::num::NonZeroU64;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
 use std::thread::ThreadId;
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};
 
 use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use serde::ser::SerializeSeq;
 use serde::{Serialize, Serializer};
-use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 /// Whether the timer is enabled. Defaults to `false`.
 static ENABLED: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ struct Event {
     id: u64,
     /// The name of this event.
     name: &'static str,
-    /// The span of code that this event was recorded in.
-    span: Option<Span>,
+    /// The raw value of the span of code that this event was recorded in.
+    span: Option<NonZeroU64>,
     /// The thread ID of this event.
     thread_id: ThreadId,
 }
@@ -79,18 +80,34 @@ pub fn clear() {
 /// A scope that records an event when it is dropped.
 pub struct TimingScope {
     name: &'static str,
-    span: Option<Span>,
+    span: Option<NonZeroU64>,
     id: u64,
     thread_id: ThreadId,
 }
 
 impl TimingScope {
     /// Create a new scope if timing is enabled.
-    pub fn new(name: &'static str, span: Option<Span>) -> Option<Self> {
-        if !is_enabled() {
-            return None;
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn new(name: &'static str) -> Option<Self> {
+        Self::with_span(name, None)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new scope with a span if timing is enabled.
+    ///
+    /// The span is a raw number because `typst-timing` can't depend on
+    /// `typst-syntax` (or else `typst-syntax` couldn't depend on
+    /// `typst-timing`).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn with_span(name: &'static str, span: Option<NonZeroU64>) -> Option<Self> {
+        #[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]
+        if is_enabled() {
+            return Some(Self::new_impl(name, span));
         }
+        None
+    }
 
+    /// Create a new scope without checking if timing is enabled.
+    fn new_impl(name: &'static str, span: Option<NonZeroU64>) -> Self {
         let timestamp = SystemTime::now();
         let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
 
@@ -106,7 +123,7 @@ impl TimingScope {
             thread_id,
         });
 
-        Some(TimingScope { name, span, id, thread_id })
+        Self { name, span, id, thread_id }
     }
 }
 
@@ -151,11 +168,11 @@ impl Drop for TimingScope {
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! timed {
     ($name:expr, span = $span:expr, $body:expr $(,)?) => {{
-        let __scope = $crate::TimingScope::new($name, Some($span));
+        let __scope = $crate::TimingScope::with_span($name, Some($span));
         $body
     }};
     ($name:expr, $body:expr $(,)?) => {{
-        let __scope = $crate::TimingScope::new($name, None);
+        let __scope = $crate::TimingScope::new($name);
         $body
     }};
 }
@@ -167,7 +184,7 @@ macro_rules! timed {
 /// the second element is the line number.
 pub fn export_json<W: Write>(
     writer: W,
-    mut source: impl FnMut(Span) -> (String, u32),
+    mut source: impl FnMut(NonZeroU64) -> (String, u32),
 ) -> Result<(), String> {
     #[derive(Serialize)]
     struct Entry {
diff --git a/crates/typst-utils/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-utils/src/lib.rs
index 8488b72d..e199e1bb 100644
--- a/crates/typst-utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ pub use self::pico::PicoStr;
 pub use self::round::{round_int_with_precision, round_with_precision};
 pub use self::scalar::Scalar;
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub use once_cell;
+
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Formatter};
 use std::hash::Hash;
 use std::iter::{Chain, Flatten, Rev};
@@ -29,9 +32,6 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use siphasher::sip128::{Hasher128, SipHasher13};
 
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub use once_cell;
-
 /// Turn a closure into a struct implementing [`Debug`].
 pub fn debug<F>(f: F) -> impl Debug
 where
diff --git a/crates/typst/Cargo.toml b/crates/typst/Cargo.toml
index a3e21123..6158d791 100644
--- a/crates/typst/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/typst/Cargo.toml
@@ -13,72 +13,16 @@ license = { workspace = true }
 readme = { workspace = true }
 
 [dependencies]
-typst-assets = { workspace = true }
+typst-eval = { workspace = true }
+typst-layout = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
 typst-macros = { workspace = true }
+typst-realize = { workspace = true }
 typst-syntax = { workspace = true }
 typst-timing = { workspace = true }
 typst-utils = { workspace = true }
-arrayvec = { workspace = true }
-az = { workspace = true }
-bitflags = { workspace = true }
-bumpalo = { workspace = true }
-chinese-number = { workspace = true }
-ciborium = { workspace = true }
 comemo = { workspace = true }
-csv = { workspace = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
-flate2 = { workspace = true }
-fontdb = { workspace = true }
-hayagriva = { workspace = true }
-hypher = { workspace = true }
-icu_properties = { workspace = true }
-icu_provider = { workspace = true }
-icu_provider_adapters = { workspace = true }
-icu_provider_blob = { workspace = true }
-icu_segmenter = { workspace = true }
-if_chain = { workspace = true }
-image = { workspace = true }
-indexmap = { workspace = true }
-kamadak-exif = { workspace = true }
-kurbo = { workspace = true }
-lipsum = { workspace = true }
-log = { workspace = true }
-once_cell = { workspace = true }
-palette = { workspace = true }
-qcms = { workspace = true }
-phf = { workspace = true }
-png = { workspace = true }
-portable-atomic = { workspace = true }
-rayon = { workspace = true }
-regex = { workspace = true }
-roxmltree = { workspace = true }
-rust_decimal = { workspace = true }
-rustybuzz = { workspace = true }
-serde = { workspace = true }
-serde_json = { workspace = true }
-serde_yaml = { workspace = true }
-siphasher = { workspace = true }
-smallvec = { workspace = true }
-syntect = { workspace = true }
-time = { workspace = true }
-toml = { workspace = true }
-ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
-two-face = { workspace = true }
-typed-arena = { workspace = true }
-unicode-bidi = { workspace = true }
-unicode-math-class = { workspace = true }
-unicode-script = { workspace = true }
-unicode-segmentation = { workspace = true }
-unscanny = { workspace = true }
-usvg = { workspace = true }
-xmlwriter = { workspace = true }
-wasmi = { workspace = true }
-
-[target.'cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))'.dependencies]
-stacker = { workspace = true }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-typst-dev-assets = { workspace = true }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index d97edd5a..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1046 +0,0 @@
-use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
-use smallvec::SmallVec;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, Args, AutoValue, Construct, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve,
-    Smart, StyleChain, Value,
-};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_fragment, layout_frame, Abs, Axes, Corners, Em, Fr, Fragment, Frame,
-    FrameKind, Length, Region, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size, Spacing,
-};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-use crate::visualize::{clip_rect, Paint, Stroke};
-
-/// An inline-level container that sizes content.
-///
-/// All elements except inline math, text, and boxes are block-level and cannot
-/// occur inside of a paragraph. The box function can be used to integrate such
-/// elements into a paragraph. Boxes take the size of their contents by default
-/// but can also be sized explicitly.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// Refer to the docs
-/// #box(
-///   height: 9pt,
-///   image("docs.svg")
-/// )
-/// for more information.
-/// ```
-#[elem]
-pub struct BoxElem {
-    /// The width of the box.
-    ///
-    /// Boxes can have [fractional]($fraction) widths, as the example below
-    /// demonstrates.
-    ///
-    /// _Note:_ Currently, only boxes and only their widths might be fractionally
-    /// sized within paragraphs. Support for fractionally sized images, shapes,
-    /// and more might be added in the future.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// Line in #box(width: 1fr, line(length: 100%)) between.
-    /// ```
-    pub width: Sizing,
-
-    /// The height of the box.
-    pub height: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// An amount to shift the box's baseline by.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// Image: #box(baseline: 40%, image("tiger.jpg", width: 2cm)).
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    pub baseline: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// The box's background color. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill) for more details.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// The box's border color. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>,
-
-    /// How much to round the box's corners. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the box's content.
-    ///
-    /// _Note:_ When the box contains text, its exact size depends on the
-    /// current [text edges]($text.top-edge).
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #rect(inset: 0pt)[Tight]
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the box's size without affecting the layout.
-    ///
-    /// This is useful to prevent padding from affecting line layout. For a
-    /// generalized version of the example below, see the documentation for the
-    /// [raw text's block parameter]($raw.block).
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// An inline
-    /// #box(
-    ///   fill: luma(235),
-    ///   inset: (x: 3pt, y: 0pt),
-    ///   outset: (y: 3pt),
-    ///   radius: 2pt,
-    /// )[rectangle].
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// Whether to clip the content inside the box.
-    ///
-    /// Clipping is useful when the box's content is larger than the box itself,
-    /// as any content that exceeds the box's bounds will be hidden.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #box(
-    ///   width: 50pt,
-    ///   height: 50pt,
-    ///   clip: true,
-    ///   image("tiger.jpg", width: 100pt, height: 100pt)
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub clip: bool,
-
-    /// The contents of the box.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl Packed<BoxElem> {
-    /// Layout this box as part of a paragraph.
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "box", span = self.span())]
-    pub fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        locator: Locator,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        region: Size,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        // Fetch sizing properties.
-        let width = self.width(styles);
-        let height = self.height(styles);
-        let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        // Build the pod region.
-        let pod = unbreakable_pod(&width, &height.into(), &inset, styles, region);
-
-        // Layout the body.
-        let mut frame = match self.body(styles) {
-            // If we have no body, just create an empty frame. If necessary,
-            // its size will be adjusted below.
-            None => Frame::hard(Size::zero()),
-
-            // If we have a child, layout it into the body. Boxes are boundaries
-            // for gradient relativeness, so we set the `FrameKind` to `Hard`.
-            Some(body) => layout_frame(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?
-                .with_kind(FrameKind::Hard),
-        };
-
-        // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
-        // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
-        frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(pod.size, frame.size()));
-
-        // Apply the inset.
-        if !inset.is_zero() {
-            crate::layout::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
-        }
-
-        // Prepare fill and stroke.
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = self
-            .stroke(styles)
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
-
-        // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
-        let outset = Lazy::new(|| self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-        let radius = Lazy::new(|| self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-
-        // Clip the contents, if requested.
-        if self.clip(styles) {
-            let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
-            frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
-        }
-
-        // Add fill and/or stroke.
-        if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-            frame.fill_and_stroke(fill, &stroke, &outset, &radius, self.span());
-        }
-
-        // Assign label to the frame.
-        if let Some(label) = self.label() {
-            frame.label(label);
-        }
-
-        // Apply baseline shift. Do this after setting the size and applying the
-        // inset, so that a relative shift is resolved relative to the final
-        // height.
-        let shift = self.baseline(styles).relative_to(frame.height());
-        if !shift.is_zero() {
-            frame.set_baseline(frame.baseline() - shift);
-        }
-
-        Ok(frame)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An inline-level container that can produce arbitrary items that can break
-/// across lines.
-#[elem(Construct)]
-pub struct InlineElem {
-    /// A callback that is invoked with the regions to produce arbitrary
-    /// inline items.
-    #[required]
-    #[internal]
-    body: callbacks::InlineCallback,
-}
-
-impl Construct for InlineElem {
-    fn construct(_: &mut Engine, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        bail!(args.span, "cannot be constructed manually");
-    }
-}
-
-impl InlineElem {
-    /// Create an inline-level item with a custom layouter.
-    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
-    pub fn layouter<T: NativeElement>(
-        captured: Packed<T>,
-        callback: fn(
-            content: &Packed<T>,
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            region: Size,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new(callbacks::InlineCallback::new(captured, callback))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Packed<InlineElem> {
-    /// Layout the element.
-    pub fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        locator: Locator,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        region: Size,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
-        self.body().call(engine, locator, styles, region)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Layouted items suitable for placing in a paragraph.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum InlineItem {
-    /// Absolute spacing between other items, and whether it is weak.
-    Space(Abs, bool),
-    /// Layouted inline-level content.
-    Frame(Frame),
-}
-
-/// A block-level container.
-///
-/// Such a container can be used to separate content, size it, and give it a
-/// background or border.
-///
-/// # Examples
-/// With a block, you can give a background to content while still allowing it
-/// to break across multiple pages.
-/// ```example
-/// #set page(height: 100pt)
-/// #block(
-///   fill: luma(230),
-///   inset: 8pt,
-///   radius: 4pt,
-///   lorem(30),
-/// )
-/// ```
-///
-/// Blocks are also useful to force elements that would otherwise be inline to
-/// become block-level, especially when writing show rules.
-/// ```example
-/// #show heading: it => it.body
-/// = Blockless
-/// More text.
-///
-/// #show heading: it => block(it.body)
-/// = Blocky
-/// More text.
-/// ```
-#[elem]
-pub struct BlockElem {
-    /// The block's width.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set align(center)
-    /// #block(
-    ///   width: 60%,
-    ///   inset: 8pt,
-    ///   fill: silver,
-    ///   lorem(10),
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The block's height. When the height is larger than the remaining space
-    /// on a page and [`breakable`]($block.breakable) is `{true}`, the
-    /// block will continue on the next page with the remaining height.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set page(height: 80pt)
-    /// #set align(center)
-    /// #block(
-    ///   width: 80%,
-    ///   height: 150%,
-    ///   fill: aqua,
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    pub height: Sizing,
-
-    /// Whether the block can be broken and continue on the next page.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set page(height: 80pt)
-    /// The following block will
-    /// jump to its own page.
-    /// #block(
-    ///   breakable: false,
-    ///   lorem(15),
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    #[default(true)]
-    pub breakable: bool,
-
-    /// The block's background color. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.fill) for more details.
-    pub fill: Option<Paint>,
-
-    /// The block's border color. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.stroke) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub stroke: Sides<Option<Option<Stroke>>>,
-
-    /// How much to round the block's corners. See the
-    /// [rectangle's documentation]($rect.radius) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to pad the block's content. See the
-    /// [box's documentation]($box.inset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// How much to expand the block's size without affecting the layout. See
-    /// the [box's documentation]($box.outset) for more details.
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    pub outset: Sides<Option<Rel<Length>>>,
-
-    /// The spacing around the block. When `{auto}`, inherits the paragraph
-    /// [`spacing`]($par.spacing).
-    ///
-    /// For two adjacent blocks, the larger of the first block's `above` and the
-    /// second block's `below` spacing wins. Moreover, block spacing takes
-    /// precedence over paragraph [`spacing`]($par.spacing).
-    ///
-    /// Note that this is only a shorthand to set `above` and `below` to the
-    /// same value. Since the values for `above` and `below` might differ, a
-    /// [context] block only provides access to `{block.above}` and
-    /// `{block.below}`, not to `{block.spacing}` directly.
-    ///
-    /// This property can be used in combination with a show rule to adjust the
-    /// spacing around arbitrary block-level elements.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set align(center)
-    /// #show math.equation: set block(above: 8pt, below: 16pt)
-    ///
-    /// This sum of $x$ and $y$:
-    /// $ x + y = z $
-    /// A second paragraph.
-    /// ```
-    #[external]
-    #[default(Em::new(1.2).into())]
-    pub spacing: Spacing,
-
-    /// The spacing between this block and its predecessor.
-    #[parse(
-        let spacing = args.named("spacing")?;
-        args.named("above")?.or(spacing)
-    )]
-    pub above: Smart<Spacing>,
-
-    /// The spacing between this block and its successor.
-    #[parse(args.named("below")?.or(spacing))]
-    pub below: Smart<Spacing>,
-
-    /// Whether to clip the content inside the block.
-    ///
-    /// Clipping is useful when the block's content is larger than the block itself,
-    /// as any content that exceeds the block's bounds will be hidden.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #block(
-    ///   width: 50pt,
-    ///   height: 50pt,
-    ///   clip: true,
-    ///   image("tiger.jpg", width: 100pt, height: 100pt)
-    /// )
-    /// ```
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub clip: bool,
-
-    /// Whether this block must stick to the following one, with no break in
-    /// between.
-    ///
-    /// This is, by default, set on heading blocks to prevent orphaned headings
-    /// at the bottom of the page.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(height: 140pt)
-    /// // Disable stickiness of headings.
-    /// #show heading: set block(sticky: false)
-    /// #lorem(20)
-    ///
-    /// = Chapter
-    /// #lorem(10)
-    /// ```
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub sticky: bool,
-
-    /// The contents of the block.
-    #[positional]
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub body: Option<BlockBody>,
-}
-
-impl BlockElem {
-    /// Create a block with a custom single-region layouter.
-    ///
-    /// Such a block must have `breakable: false` (which is set by this
-    /// constructor).
-    pub fn single_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
-        captured: Packed<T>,
-        f: fn(
-            content: &Packed<T>,
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            region: Region,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new()
-            .with_breakable(false)
-            .with_body(Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(
-                callbacks::BlockSingleCallback::new(captured, f),
-            )))
-    }
-
-    /// Create a block with a custom multi-region layouter.
-    pub fn multi_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
-        captured: Packed<T>,
-        f: fn(
-            content: &Packed<T>,
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            regions: Regions,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self::new().with_body(Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(
-            callbacks::BlockMultiCallback::new(captured, f),
-        )))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Packed<BlockElem> {
-    /// Lay this out as an unbreakable block.
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "block", span = self.span())]
-    pub fn layout_single(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        locator: Locator,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        region: Region,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        // Fetch sizing properties.
-        let width = self.width(styles);
-        let height = self.height(styles);
-        let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        // Build the pod regions.
-        let pod = unbreakable_pod(&width.into(), &height, &inset, styles, region.size);
-
-        // Layout the body.
-        let body = self.body(styles);
-        let mut frame = match body {
-            // If we have no body, just create one frame. Its size will be
-            // adjusted below.
-            None => Frame::hard(Size::zero()),
-
-            // If we have content as our body, just layout it.
-            Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => {
-                layout_frame(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?
-            }
-
-            // If we have a child that wants to layout with just access to the
-            // base region, give it that.
-            Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(callback)) => {
-                callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod)?
-            }
-
-            // If we have a child that wants to layout with full region access,
-            // we layout it.
-            Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(callback)) => {
-                let expand = (pod.expand | region.expand) & pod.size.map(Abs::is_finite);
-                let pod = Region { expand, ..pod };
-                callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod.into())?.into_frame()
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Explicit blocks are boundaries for gradient relativeness.
-        if matches!(body, None | Some(BlockBody::Content(_))) {
-            frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
-        }
-
-        // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
-        // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
-        frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(pod.size, frame.size()));
-
-        // Apply the inset.
-        if !inset.is_zero() {
-            crate::layout::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
-        }
-
-        // Prepare fill and stroke.
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = self
-            .stroke(styles)
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
-
-        // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
-        let outset = Lazy::new(|| self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-        let radius = Lazy::new(|| self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-
-        // Clip the contents, if requested.
-        if self.clip(styles) {
-            let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
-            frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
-        }
-
-        // Add fill and/or stroke.
-        if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-            frame.fill_and_stroke(fill, &stroke, &outset, &radius, self.span());
-        }
-
-        // Assign label to each frame in the fragment.
-        if let Some(label) = self.label() {
-            frame.label(label);
-        }
-
-        Ok(frame)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Packed<BlockElem> {
-    /// Lay this out as a breakable block.
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "block", span = self.span())]
-    pub fn layout_multiple(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        locator: Locator,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        // Fetch sizing properties.
-        let width = self.width(styles);
-        let height = self.height(styles);
-        let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-
-        // Allocate a small vector for backlogs.
-        let mut buf = SmallVec::<[Abs; 2]>::new();
-
-        // Build the pod regions.
-        let pod =
-            breakable_pod(&width.into(), &height, &inset, styles, regions, &mut buf);
-
-        // Layout the body.
-        let body = self.body(styles);
-        let mut fragment = match body {
-            // If we have no body, just create one frame plus one per backlog
-            // region. We create them zero-sized; if necessary, their size will
-            // be adjusted below.
-            None => {
-                let mut frames = vec![];
-                frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
-                if pod.expand.y {
-                    let mut iter = pod;
-                    while !iter.backlog.is_empty() {
-                        frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
-                        iter.next();
-                    }
-                }
-                Fragment::frames(frames)
-            }
-
-            // If we have content as our body, just layout it.
-            Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => {
-                let mut fragment =
-                    layout_fragment(engine, body, locator.relayout(), styles, pod)?;
-
-                // If the body is automatically sized and produced more than one
-                // fragment, ensure that the width was consistent across all
-                // regions. If it wasn't, we need to relayout with expansion.
-                if !pod.expand.x
-                    && fragment
-                        .as_slice()
-                        .windows(2)
-                        .any(|w| !w[0].width().approx_eq(w[1].width()))
-                {
-                    let max_width = fragment
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|frame| frame.width())
-                        .max()
-                        .unwrap_or_default();
-                    let pod = Regions {
-                        size: Size::new(max_width, pod.size.y),
-                        expand: Axes::new(true, pod.expand.y),
-                        ..pod
-                    };
-                    fragment = layout_fragment(engine, body, locator, styles, pod)?;
-                }
-
-                fragment
-            }
-
-            // If we have a child that wants to layout with just access to the
-            // base region, give it that.
-            Some(BlockBody::SingleLayouter(callback)) => {
-                let pod = Region::new(pod.base(), pod.expand);
-                callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod).map(Fragment::frame)?
-            }
-
-            // If we have a child that wants to layout with full region access,
-            // we layout it.
-            //
-            // For auto-sized multi-layouters, we propagate the outer expansion
-            // so that they can decide for themselves. We also ensure again to
-            // only expand if the size is finite.
-            Some(BlockBody::MultiLayouter(callback)) => {
-                let expand = (pod.expand | regions.expand) & pod.size.map(Abs::is_finite);
-                let pod = Regions { expand, ..pod };
-                callback.call(engine, locator, styles, pod)?
-            }
-        };
-
-        // Prepare fill and stroke.
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = self
-            .stroke(styles)
-            .unwrap_or_default()
-            .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
-
-        // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
-        let outset = Lazy::new(|| self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-        let radius = Lazy::new(|| self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
-
-        // Fetch/compute these outside of the loop.
-        let clip = self.clip(styles);
-        let has_fill_or_stroke = fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some);
-        let has_inset = !inset.is_zero();
-        let is_explicit = matches!(body, None | Some(BlockBody::Content(_)));
-
-        // Skip filling/stroking the first frame if it is empty and a non-empty
-        // one follows.
-        let mut skip_first = false;
-        if let [first, rest @ ..] = fragment.as_slice() {
-            skip_first = has_fill_or_stroke
-                && first.is_empty()
-                && rest.iter().any(|frame| !frame.is_empty());
-        }
-
-        // Post-process to apply insets, clipping, fills, and strokes.
-        for (i, (frame, region)) in fragment.iter_mut().zip(pod.iter()).enumerate() {
-            // Explicit blocks are boundaries for gradient relativeness.
-            if is_explicit {
-                frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
-            }
-
-            // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
-            // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
-            frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(region, frame.size()));
-
-            // Apply the inset.
-            if has_inset {
-                crate::layout::grow(frame, &inset);
-            }
-
-            // Clip the contents, if requested.
-            if clip {
-                let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
-                frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
-            }
-
-            // Add fill and/or stroke.
-            if has_fill_or_stroke && (i > 0 || !skip_first) {
-                frame.fill_and_stroke(
-                    fill.clone(),
-                    &stroke,
-                    &outset,
-                    &radius,
-                    self.span(),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Assign label to each frame in the fragment.
-        if let Some(label) = self.label() {
-            for frame in fragment.iter_mut() {
-                frame.label(label);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(fragment)
-    }
-}
-
-/// The contents of a block.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum BlockBody {
-    /// The block contains normal content.
-    Content(Content),
-    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to just one
-    /// base region.
-    SingleLayouter(callbacks::BlockSingleCallback),
-    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to the exact
-    /// regions.
-    MultiLayouter(callbacks::BlockMultiCallback),
-}
-
-impl Default for BlockBody {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::Content(Content::default())
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    BlockBody,
-    self => match self {
-        Self::Content(content) => content.into_value(),
-        _ => Value::Auto,
-    },
-    v: Content => Self::Content(v),
-}
-
-/// Defines how to size something along an axis.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum Sizing {
-    /// A track that fits its item's contents.
-    Auto,
-    /// A size specified in absolute terms and relative to the parent's size.
-    Rel(Rel),
-    /// A size specified as a fraction of the remaining free space in the
-    /// parent.
-    Fr(Fr),
-}
-
-impl Sizing {
-    /// Whether this is an automatic sizing.
-    pub fn is_auto(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Auto)
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this is fractional sizing.
-    pub fn is_fractional(self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::Fr(_))
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Sizing {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::Auto
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Smart<Rel>> for Sizing {
-    fn from(smart: Smart<Rel>) -> Self {
-        match smart {
-            Smart::Auto => Self::Auto,
-            Smart::Custom(rel) => Self::Rel(rel),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: Into<Spacing>> From<T> for Sizing {
-    fn from(spacing: T) -> Self {
-        match spacing.into() {
-            Spacing::Rel(rel) => Self::Rel(rel),
-            Spacing::Fr(fr) => Self::Fr(fr),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    Sizing,
-    self => match self {
-        Self::Auto => Value::Auto,
-        Self::Rel(rel) => rel.into_value(),
-        Self::Fr(fr) => fr.into_value(),
-    },
-    _: AutoValue => Self::Auto,
-    v: Rel<Length> => Self::Rel(v),
-    v: Fr => Self::Fr(v),
-}
-
-/// Builds the pod region for an unbreakable sized container.
-fn unbreakable_pod(
-    width: &Sizing,
-    height: &Sizing,
-    inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    base: Size,
-) -> Region {
-    // Resolve the size.
-    let mut size = Size::new(
-        match width {
-            // - For auto, the whole region is available.
-            // - Fr is handled outside and already factored into the `region`,
-            //   so we can treat it equivalently to 100%.
-            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => base.x,
-            // Resolve the relative sizing.
-            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.x),
-        },
-        match height {
-            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => base.y,
-            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.y),
-        },
-    );
-
-    // Take the inset, if any, into account.
-    if !inset.is_zero() {
-        size = crate::layout::shrink(size, inset);
-    }
-
-    // If the child is manually, the size is forced and we should enable
-    // expansion.
-    let expand = Axes::new(
-        *width != Sizing::Auto && size.x.is_finite(),
-        *height != Sizing::Auto && size.y.is_finite(),
-    );
-
-    Region::new(size, expand)
-}
-
-/// Builds the pod regions for a breakable sized container.
-fn breakable_pod<'a>(
-    width: &Sizing,
-    height: &Sizing,
-    inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-    buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
-) -> Regions<'a> {
-    let base = regions.base();
-
-    // The vertical region sizes we're about to build.
-    let first;
-    let full;
-    let backlog: &mut [Abs];
-    let last;
-
-    // If the block has a fixed height, things are very different, so we
-    // handle that case completely separately.
-    match height {
-        Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => {
-            // If the block is automatically sized, we can just inherit the
-            // regions.
-            first = regions.size.y;
-            full = regions.full;
-            buf.extend_from_slice(regions.backlog);
-            backlog = buf;
-            last = regions.last;
-        }
-
-        Sizing::Rel(rel) => {
-            // Resolve the sizing to a concrete size.
-            let resolved = rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.y);
-
-            // Since we're manually sized, the resolved size is the base height.
-            full = resolved;
-
-            // Distribute the fixed height across a start region and a backlog.
-            (first, backlog) = distribute(resolved, regions, buf);
-
-            // If the height is manually sized, we don't want a final repeatable
-            // region.
-            last = None;
-        }
-    };
-
-    // Resolve the horizontal sizing to a concrete width and combine
-    // `width` and `first` into `size`.
-    let mut size = Size::new(
-        match width {
-            Sizing::Auto | Sizing::Fr(_) => regions.size.x,
-            Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.x),
-        },
-        first,
-    );
-
-    // Take the inset, if any, into account, applying it to the
-    // individual region components.
-    let (mut full, mut last) = (full, last);
-    if !inset.is_zero() {
-        crate::layout::shrink_multiple(&mut size, &mut full, backlog, &mut last, inset);
-    }
-
-    // If the child is manually, the size is forced and we should enable
-    // expansion.
-    let expand = Axes::new(
-        *width != Sizing::Auto && size.x.is_finite(),
-        *height != Sizing::Auto && size.y.is_finite(),
-    );
-
-    Regions { size, full, backlog, last, expand }
-}
-
-/// Distribute a fixed height spread over existing regions into a new first
-/// height and a new backlog.
-fn distribute<'a>(
-    height: Abs,
-    mut regions: Regions,
-    buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
-) -> (Abs, &'a mut [Abs]) {
-    // Build new region heights from old regions.
-    let mut remaining = height;
-    loop {
-        let limited = regions.size.y.clamp(Abs::zero(), remaining);
-        buf.push(limited);
-        remaining -= limited;
-        if remaining.approx_empty()
-            || !regions.may_break()
-            || (!regions.may_progress() && limited.approx_empty())
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        regions.next();
-    }
-
-    // If there is still something remaining, apply it to the
-    // last region (it will overflow, but there's nothing else
-    // we can do).
-    if !remaining.approx_empty() {
-        if let Some(last) = buf.last_mut() {
-            *last += remaining;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Distribute the heights to the first region and the
-    // backlog. There is no last region, since the height is
-    // fixed.
-    (buf[0], &mut buf[1..])
-}
-
-/// Manual closure implementations for layout callbacks.
-///
-/// Normal closures are not `Hash`, so we can't use them.
-mod callbacks {
-    use super::*;
-
-    macro_rules! callback {
-        ($name:ident = ($($param:ident: $param_ty:ty),* $(,)?) -> $ret:ty) => {
-            #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
-            pub struct $name {
-                captured: Content,
-                f: fn(&Content, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
-            }
-
-            impl $name {
-                pub fn new<T: NativeElement>(
-                    captured: Packed<T>,
-                    f: fn(&Packed<T>, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
-                ) -> Self {
-                    Self {
-                        // Type-erased the content.
-                        captured: captured.pack(),
-                        // Safety: The only difference between the two function
-                        // pointer types is the type of the first parameter,
-                        // which changes from `&Packed<T>` to `&Content`. This
-                        // is safe because:
-                        // - `Packed<T>` is a transparent wrapper around
-                        //   `Content`, so for any `T` it has the same memory
-                        //   representation as `Content`.
-                        // - While `Packed<T>` imposes the additional constraint
-                        //   that the content is of type `T`, this constraint is
-                        //   upheld: It is initially the case because we store a
-                        //   `Packed<T>` above. It keeps being the case over the
-                        //   lifetime of the closure because `capture` is a
-                        //   private field and `Content`'s `Clone` impl is
-                        //   guaranteed to retain the type (if it didn't,
-                        //   literally everything would break).
-                        #[allow(clippy::missing_transmute_annotations)]
-                        f: unsafe { std::mem::transmute(f) },
-                    }
-                }
-
-                pub fn call(&self, $($param: $param_ty),*) -> $ret {
-                    (self.f)(&self.captured, $($param),*)
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    callback! {
-        InlineCallback = (
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            region: Size,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>
-    }
-
-    callback! {
-        BlockSingleCallback = (
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            region: Region,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
-    }
-
-    callback! {
-        BlockMultiCallback = (
-            engine: &mut Engine,
-            locator: Locator,
-            styles: StyleChain,
-            regions: Regions,
-        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 66a6f923..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain,
-};
-use crate::introspection::Locator;
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BlockElem, Frame, Length, Point, Region, Size,
-};
-use crate::utils::Numeric;
-
-/// Repeats content to the available space.
-///
-/// This can be useful when implementing a custom index, reference, or outline.
-///
-/// Space may be inserted between the instances of the body parameter, so be
-/// sure to adjust the [`justify`]($repeat.justify) parameter accordingly.
-///
-/// Errors if there no bounds on the available space, as it would create
-/// infinite content.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// Sign on the dotted line:
-/// #box(width: 1fr, repeat[.])
-///
-/// #set text(10pt)
-/// #v(8pt, weak: true)
-/// #align(right)[
-///   Berlin, the 22nd of December, 2022
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(Show)]
-pub struct RepeatElem {
-    /// The content to repeat.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The gap between each instance of the body.
-    #[default]
-    pub gap: Length,
-
-    /// Whether to increase the gap between instances to completely fill the
-    /// available space.
-    #[default(true)]
-    pub justify: bool,
-}
-
-impl Show for Packed<RepeatElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_repeat)
-            .pack()
-            .spanned(self.span()))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Layout the repeated content.
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_repeat(
-    elem: &Packed<RepeatElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Region,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let pod = Region::new(region.size, Axes::new(false, false));
-    let piece = layout_frame(engine, &elem.body, locator, styles, pod)?;
-    let size = Size::new(region.size.x, piece.height());
-
-    if !size.is_finite() {
-        bail!(elem.span(), "repeat with no size restrictions");
-    }
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-    if piece.has_baseline() {
-        frame.set_baseline(piece.baseline());
-    }
-
-    let mut gap = elem.gap(styles).resolve(styles);
-    let fill = region.size.x;
-    let width = piece.width();
-
-    // count * width + (count - 1) * gap = fill, but count is an integer so
-    // we need to round down and get the remainder.
-    let count = ((fill + gap) / (width + gap)).floor();
-    let remaining = (fill + gap) % (width + gap);
-
-    let justify = elem.justify(styles);
-    if justify {
-        gap += remaining / (count - 1.0);
-    }
-
-    let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
-    let mut offset = Abs::zero();
-    if count == 1.0 || !justify {
-        offset += align.x.position(remaining);
-    }
-
-    if width > Abs::zero() {
-        for _ in 0..(count as usize).min(1000) {
-            frame.push_frame(Point::with_x(offset), piece.clone());
-            offset += piece.width() + gap;
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(frame)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
index 7f0b8e69..db1673d2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
@@ -13,72 +13,45 @@
 //!   order-independent and thus much better suited for further processing than
 //!   the raw markup.
 //! - **Layouting:**
-//!   Next, the content is [layouted] into a [document] containing one [frame]
+//!   Next, the content is [laid out] into a [document] containing one [frame]
 //!   per page with items at fixed positions.
 //! - **Exporting:**
 //!   These frames can finally be exported into an output format (currently PDF,
 //!   PNG, or SVG).
 //!
-//! [tokens]: syntax::SyntaxKind
-//! [parsed]: syntax::parse
-//! [syntax tree]: syntax::SyntaxNode
-//! [AST]: syntax::ast
-//! [evaluate]: eval::eval
-//! [module]: foundations::Module
-//! [content]: foundations::Content
-//! [layouted]: crate::layout::layout_document
-//! [document]: model::Document
-//! [frame]: layout::Frame
-
-#![recursion_limit = "1000"]
-#![allow(clippy::comparison_chain)]
-#![allow(clippy::wildcard_in_or_patterns)]
-#![allow(clippy::manual_range_contains)]
-
-extern crate self as typst;
-
-pub mod diag;
-pub mod engine;
-pub mod eval;
-pub mod foundations;
-pub mod introspection;
-pub mod layout;
-pub mod loading;
-pub mod math;
-pub mod model;
-pub mod realize;
-pub mod symbols;
-pub mod text;
-pub mod visualize;
-
+//! [tokens]: typst_syntax::SyntaxKind
+//! [parsed]: typst_syntax::parse
+//! [syntax tree]: typst_syntax::SyntaxNode
+//! [AST]: typst_syntax::ast
+//! [evaluate]: typst_eval::eval
+//! [module]: crate::foundations::Module
+//! [content]: crate::foundations::Content
+//! [laid out]: typst_layout::layout_document
+//! [document]: crate::model::Document
+//! [frame]: crate::layout::Frame
+
+pub extern crate comemo;
+pub extern crate ecow;
+
+pub use typst_library::*;
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use typst_syntax as syntax;
 #[doc(inline)]
 pub use typst_utils as utils;
 
 use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::ops::{Deref, Range};
 
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, Validate};
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
+use typst_library::diag::{warning, FileError, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, Warned};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{StyleChain, Styles, Value};
+use typst_library::introspection::Introspector;
+use typst_library::model::Document;
+use typst_library::routines::Routines;
+use typst_syntax::{FileId, Span};
 use typst_timing::{timed, TimingScope};
 
-use crate::diag::{
-    warning, FileError, FileResult, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, Warned,
-};
-use crate::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use crate::foundations::{
-    Array, Bytes, Datetime, Dict, Module, Scope, StyleChain, Styles, Value,
-};
-use crate::introspection::Introspector;
-use crate::layout::{Alignment, Dir};
-use crate::model::Document;
-use crate::syntax::package::PackageSpec;
-use crate::syntax::{FileId, Source, Span};
-use crate::text::{Font, FontBook};
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
-use crate::visualize::Color;
-
 /// Compile sources into a fully layouted document.
 ///
 /// - Returns `Ok(document)` if there were no fatal errors.
@@ -118,7 +91,8 @@ fn compile_impl(
         .map_err(|err| hint_invalid_main_file(world, err, main))?;
 
     // First evaluate the main source file into a module.
-    let content = crate::eval::eval(
+    let content = typst_eval::eval(
+        &ROUTINES,
         world,
         traced,
         sink.track_mut(),
@@ -137,7 +111,7 @@ fn compile_impl(
         // The name of the iterations for timing scopes.
         const ITER_NAMES: &[&str] =
             &["layout (1)", "layout (2)", "layout (3)", "layout (4)", "layout (5)"];
-        let _scope = TimingScope::new(ITER_NAMES[iter], None);
+        let _scope = TimingScope::new(ITER_NAMES[iter]);
 
         subsink = Sink::new();
 
@@ -148,10 +122,11 @@ fn compile_impl(
             traced,
             sink: subsink.track_mut(),
             route: Route::default(),
+            routines: &ROUTINES,
         };
 
         // Layout!
-        document = crate::layout::layout_document(&mut engine, &content, styles)?;
+        document = (engine.routines.layout_document)(&mut engine, &content, styles)?;
         iter += 1;
 
         if timed!("check stabilized", document.introspector.validate(&constraint)) {
@@ -182,237 +157,12 @@ fn compile_impl(
 fn deduplicate(mut diags: EcoVec<SourceDiagnostic>) -> EcoVec<SourceDiagnostic> {
     let mut unique = HashSet::new();
     diags.retain(|diag| {
-        let hash = crate::utils::hash128(&(&diag.span, &diag.message));
+        let hash = typst_utils::hash128(&(&diag.span, &diag.message));
         unique.insert(hash)
     });
     diags
 }
 
-/// The environment in which typesetting occurs.
-///
-/// All loading functions (`main`, `source`, `file`, `font`) should perform
-/// internal caching so that they are relatively cheap on repeated invocations
-/// with the same argument. [`Source`], [`Bytes`], and [`Font`] are
-/// all reference-counted and thus cheap to clone.
-///
-/// The compiler doesn't do the caching itself because the world has much more
-/// information on when something can change. For example, fonts typically don't
-/// change and can thus even be cached across multiple compilations (for
-/// long-running applications like `typst watch`). Source files on the other
-/// hand can change and should thus be cleared after each compilation. Advanced
-/// clients like language servers can also retain the source files and
-/// [edit](Source::edit) them in-place to benefit from better incremental
-/// performance.
-#[comemo::track]
-pub trait World: Send + Sync {
-    /// The standard library.
-    ///
-    /// Can be created through `Library::build()`.
-    fn library(&self) -> &LazyHash<Library>;
-
-    /// Metadata about all known fonts.
-    fn book(&self) -> &LazyHash<FontBook>;
-
-    /// Get the file id of the main source file.
-    fn main(&self) -> FileId;
-
-    /// Try to access the specified source file.
-    fn source(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Source>;
-
-    /// Try to access the specified file.
-    fn file(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Bytes>;
-
-    /// Try to access the font with the given index in the font book.
-    fn font(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Font>;
-
-    /// Get the current date.
-    ///
-    /// If no offset is specified, the local date should be chosen. Otherwise,
-    /// the UTC date should be chosen with the corresponding offset in hours.
-    ///
-    /// If this function returns `None`, Typst's `datetime` function will
-    /// return an error.
-    fn today(&self, offset: Option<i64>) -> Option<Datetime>;
-
-    /// A list of all available packages and optionally descriptions for them.
-    ///
-    /// This function is optional to implement. It enhances the user experience
-    /// by enabling autocompletion for packages. Details about packages from the
-    /// `@preview` namespace are available from
-    /// `https://packages.typst.org/preview/index.json`.
-    fn packages(&self) -> &[(PackageSpec, Option<EcoString>)] {
-        &[]
-    }
-}
-
-macro_rules! delegate_for_ptr {
-    ($W:ident for $ptr:ty) => {
-        impl<$W: World> World for $ptr {
-            fn library(&self) -> &LazyHash<Library> {
-                self.deref().library()
-            }
-
-            fn book(&self) -> &LazyHash<FontBook> {
-                self.deref().book()
-            }
-
-            fn main(&self) -> FileId {
-                self.deref().main()
-            }
-
-            fn source(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Source> {
-                self.deref().source(id)
-            }
-
-            fn file(&self, id: FileId) -> FileResult<Bytes> {
-                self.deref().file(id)
-            }
-
-            fn font(&self, index: usize) -> Option<Font> {
-                self.deref().font(index)
-            }
-
-            fn today(&self, offset: Option<i64>) -> Option<Datetime> {
-                self.deref().today(offset)
-            }
-
-            fn packages(&self) -> &[(PackageSpec, Option<EcoString>)] {
-                self.deref().packages()
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-delegate_for_ptr!(W for std::boxed::Box<W>);
-delegate_for_ptr!(W for std::sync::Arc<W>);
-delegate_for_ptr!(W for &W);
-
-/// Helper methods on [`World`] implementations.
-pub trait WorldExt {
-    /// Get the byte range for a span.
-    ///
-    /// Returns `None` if the `Span` does not point into any source file.
-    fn range(&self, span: Span) -> Option<Range<usize>>;
-}
-
-impl<T: World> WorldExt for T {
-    fn range(&self, span: Span) -> Option<Range<usize>> {
-        self.source(span.id()?).ok()?.range(span)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Definition of Typst's standard library.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
-pub struct Library {
-    /// The module that contains the definitions that are available everywhere.
-    pub global: Module,
-    /// The module that contains the definitions available in math mode.
-    pub math: Module,
-    /// The default style properties (for page size, font selection, and
-    /// everything else configurable via set and show rules).
-    pub styles: Styles,
-    /// The standard library as a value.
-    /// Used to provide the `std` variable.
-    pub std: Value,
-}
-
-impl Library {
-    /// Create a new builder for a library.
-    pub fn builder() -> LibraryBuilder {
-        LibraryBuilder::default()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Default for Library {
-    /// Constructs the standard library with the default configuration.
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self::builder().build()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Configurable builder for the standard library.
-///
-/// This struct is created by [`Library::builder`].
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
-pub struct LibraryBuilder {
-    inputs: Option<Dict>,
-}
-
-impl LibraryBuilder {
-    /// Configure the inputs visible through `sys.inputs`.
-    pub fn with_inputs(mut self, inputs: Dict) -> Self {
-        self.inputs = Some(inputs);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Consumes the builder and returns a `Library`.
-    pub fn build(self) -> Library {
-        let math = math::module();
-        let inputs = self.inputs.unwrap_or_default();
-        let global = global(math.clone(), inputs);
-        let std = Value::Module(global.clone());
-        Library { global, math, styles: Styles::new(), std }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Construct the module with global definitions.
-fn global(math: Module, inputs: Dict) -> Module {
-    let mut global = Scope::deduplicating();
-    self::foundations::define(&mut global, inputs);
-    self::model::define(&mut global);
-    self::text::define(&mut global);
-    global.reset_category();
-    global.define_module(math);
-    self::layout::define(&mut global);
-    self::visualize::define(&mut global);
-    self::introspection::define(&mut global);
-    self::loading::define(&mut global);
-    self::symbols::define(&mut global);
-    prelude(&mut global);
-    Module::new("global", global)
-}
-
-/// Defines scoped values that are globally available, too.
-fn prelude(global: &mut Scope) {
-    global.reset_category();
-    global.define("black", Color::BLACK);
-    global.define("gray", Color::GRAY);
-    global.define("silver", Color::SILVER);
-    global.define("white", Color::WHITE);
-    global.define("navy", Color::NAVY);
-    global.define("blue", Color::BLUE);
-    global.define("aqua", Color::AQUA);
-    global.define("teal", Color::TEAL);
-    global.define("eastern", Color::EASTERN);
-    global.define("purple", Color::PURPLE);
-    global.define("fuchsia", Color::FUCHSIA);
-    global.define("maroon", Color::MAROON);
-    global.define("red", Color::RED);
-    global.define("orange", Color::ORANGE);
-    global.define("yellow", Color::YELLOW);
-    global.define("olive", Color::OLIVE);
-    global.define("green", Color::GREEN);
-    global.define("lime", Color::LIME);
-    global.define("luma", Color::luma_data());
-    global.define("oklab", Color::oklab_data());
-    global.define("oklch", Color::oklch_data());
-    global.define("rgb", Color::rgb_data());
-    global.define("cmyk", Color::cmyk_data());
-    global.define("range", Array::range_data());
-    global.define("ltr", Dir::LTR);
-    global.define("rtl", Dir::RTL);
-    global.define("ttb", Dir::TTB);
-    global.define("btt", Dir::BTT);
-    global.define("start", Alignment::START);
-    global.define("left", Alignment::LEFT);
-    global.define("center", Alignment::CENTER);
-    global.define("right", Alignment::RIGHT);
-    global.define("end", Alignment::END);
-    global.define("top", Alignment::TOP);
-    global.define("horizon", Alignment::HORIZON);
-    global.define("bottom", Alignment::BOTTOM);
-}
-
 /// Adds useful hints when the main source file couldn't be read
 /// and returns the final diagnostic.
 fn hint_invalid_main_file(
@@ -457,3 +207,40 @@ fn hint_invalid_main_file(
 
     eco_vec![diagnostic]
 }
+
+/// Defines implementation of various Typst compiler routines as a table of
+/// function pointers.
+///
+/// This is essentially dynamic linking and done to allow for crate splitting.
+pub static ROUTINES: Routines = Routines {
+    eval_string: typst_eval::eval_string,
+    eval_closure: typst_eval::eval_closure,
+    realize: typst_realize::realize,
+    layout_document: typst_layout::layout_document,
+    layout_fragment: typst_layout::layout_fragment,
+    layout_frame: typst_layout::layout_frame,
+    layout_inline: typst_layout::layout_inline,
+    layout_box: typst_layout::layout_box,
+    layout_list: typst_layout::layout_list,
+    layout_enum: typst_layout::layout_enum,
+    layout_grid: typst_layout::layout_grid,
+    layout_table: typst_layout::layout_table,
+    layout_stack: typst_layout::layout_stack,
+    layout_columns: typst_layout::layout_columns,
+    layout_move: typst_layout::layout_move,
+    layout_rotate: typst_layout::layout_rotate,
+    layout_scale: typst_layout::layout_scale,
+    layout_skew: typst_layout::layout_skew,
+    layout_repeat: typst_layout::layout_repeat,
+    layout_pad: typst_layout::layout_pad,
+    layout_line: typst_layout::layout_line,
+    layout_path: typst_layout::layout_path,
+    layout_polygon: typst_layout::layout_polygon,
+    layout_rect: typst_layout::layout_rect,
+    layout_square: typst_layout::layout_square,
+    layout_ellipse: typst_layout::layout_ellipse,
+    layout_circle: typst_layout::layout_circle,
+    layout_image: typst_layout::layout_image,
+    layout_equation_block: typst_layout::layout_equation_block,
+    layout_equation_inline: typst_layout::layout_equation_inline,
+};
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/align.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/align.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 41580bf9..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/align.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::Abs;
-use crate::math::{LayoutMath, MathContext, MathFragment, MathRun};
-use crate::utils::singleton;
-
-/// A math alignment point: `&`, `&&`.
-#[elem(title = "Alignment Point", LayoutMath)]
-pub struct AlignPointElem {}
-
-impl AlignPointElem {
-    /// Get the globally shared alignment point element.
-    pub fn shared() -> &'static Content {
-        singleton!(Content, AlignPointElem::new().pack())
-    }
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<AlignPointElem> {
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        ctx.push(MathFragment::Align);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-pub(super) struct AlignmentResult {
-    pub points: Vec<Abs>,
-    pub width: Abs,
-}
-
-/// Determine the positions of the alignment points, according to the input rows combined.
-pub(super) fn alignments(rows: &[MathRun]) -> AlignmentResult {
-    let mut widths = Vec::<Abs>::new();
-
-    let mut pending_width = Abs::zero();
-    for row in rows {
-        let mut width = Abs::zero();
-        let mut alignment_index = 0;
-
-        for fragment in row.iter() {
-            if matches!(fragment, MathFragment::Align) {
-                if alignment_index < widths.len() {
-                    widths[alignment_index].set_max(width);
-                } else {
-                    widths.push(width.max(pending_width));
-                }
-                width = Abs::zero();
-                alignment_index += 1;
-            } else {
-                width += fragment.width();
-            }
-        }
-        if widths.is_empty() {
-            pending_width.set_max(width);
-        } else if alignment_index < widths.len() {
-            widths[alignment_index].set_max(width);
-        } else {
-            widths.push(width.max(pending_width));
-        }
-    }
-
-    let mut points = widths;
-    for i in 1..points.len() {
-        let prev = points[i - 1];
-        points[i] += prev;
-    }
-    AlignmentResult {
-        width: points.last().copied().unwrap_or(pending_width),
-        points,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/cancel.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/cancel.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bc28f07..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/cancel.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
-use comemo::Track;
-
-use crate::diag::{At, SourceResult};
-use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, Content, Context, Func, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Angle, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Ratio, Rel, Size, Transform,
-};
-use crate::math::{scaled_font_size, FrameFragment, LayoutMath, MathContext};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Stroke};
-
-/// Displays a diagonal line over a part of an equation.
-///
-/// This is commonly used to show the elimination of a term.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-/// Here, we can simplify:
-/// $ (a dot b dot cancel(x)) /
-///     cancel(x) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct CancelElem {
-    /// The content over which the line should be placed.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The length of the line, relative to the length of the diagonal spanning
-    /// the whole element being "cancelled". A value of `{100%}` would then have
-    /// the line span precisely the element's diagonal.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-    /// $ a + cancel(x, length: #200%)
-    ///     - cancel(x, length: #200%) $
-    /// ```
-    #[default(Rel::new(Ratio::one(), Abs::pt(3.0).into()))]
-    pub length: Rel<Length>,
-
-    /// Whether the cancel line should be inverted (flipped along the y-axis).
-    /// For the default angle setting, inverted means the cancel line
-    /// points to the top left instead of top right.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-    /// $ (a cancel((b + c), inverted: #true)) /
-    ///     cancel(b + c, inverted: #true) $
-    /// ```
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub inverted: bool,
-
-    /// Whether two opposing cancel lines should be drawn, forming a cross over
-    /// the element. Overrides `inverted`.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-    /// $ cancel(Pi, cross: #true) $
-    /// ```
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub cross: bool,
-
-    /// How much to rotate the cancel line.
-    ///
-    /// - If given an angle, the line is rotated by that angle clockwise with
-    ///   respect to the y-axis.
-    /// - If `{auto}`, the line assumes the default angle; that is, along the
-    ///   rising diagonal of the content box.
-    /// - If given a function `angle => angle`, the line is rotated, with
-    ///   respect to the y-axis, by the angle returned by that function. The
-    ///   function receives the default angle as its input.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-    /// $ cancel(Pi)
-    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #0deg)
-    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #45deg)
-    ///   cancel(Pi, angle: #90deg)
-    ///   cancel(1/(1+x), angle: #(a => a + 45deg))
-    ///   cancel(1/(1+x), angle: #(a => a + 90deg)) $
-    /// ```
-    pub angle: Smart<CancelAngle>,
-
-    /// How to [stroke]($stroke) the cancel line.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// >>> #set page(width: 140pt)
-    /// $ cancel(
-    ///   sum x,
-    ///   stroke: #(
-    ///     paint: red,
-    ///     thickness: 1.5pt,
-    ///     dash: "dashed",
-    ///   ),
-    /// ) $
-    /// ```
-    #[resolve]
-    #[fold]
-    #[default(Stroke {
-        // Default stroke has 0.5pt for better visuals.
-        thickness: Smart::Custom(Abs::pt(0.5).into()),
-        ..Default::default()
-    })]
-    pub stroke: Stroke,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<CancelElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.cancel", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let body = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.body(), styles)?;
-        // Preserve properties of body.
-        let body_class = body.class();
-        let body_italics = body.italics_correction();
-        let body_attach = body.accent_attach();
-        let body_text_like = body.is_text_like();
-
-        let mut body = body.into_frame();
-        let body_size = body.size();
-        let span = self.span();
-        let length = self.length(styles).at(scaled_font_size(ctx, styles));
-
-        let stroke = self.stroke(styles).unwrap_or(FixedStroke {
-            paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
-            ..Default::default()
-        });
-
-        let invert = self.inverted(styles);
-        let cross = self.cross(styles);
-        let angle = self.angle(styles);
-
-        let invert_first_line = !cross && invert;
-        let first_line = draw_cancel_line(
-            ctx,
-            length,
-            stroke.clone(),
-            invert_first_line,
-            &angle,
-            body_size,
-            styles,
-            span,
-        )?;
-
-        // The origin of our line is the very middle of the element.
-        let center = body_size.to_point() / 2.0;
-        body.push_frame(center, first_line);
-
-        if cross {
-            // Draw the second line.
-            let second_line = draw_cancel_line(
-                ctx, length, stroke, true, &angle, body_size, styles, span,
-            )?;
-
-            body.push_frame(center, second_line);
-        }
-
-        ctx.push(
-            FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, body)
-                .with_class(body_class)
-                .with_italics_correction(body_italics)
-                .with_accent_attach(body_attach)
-                .with_text_like(body_text_like),
-        );
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Defines the cancel line.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub enum CancelAngle {
-    Angle(Angle),
-    Func(Func),
-}
-
-cast! {
-    CancelAngle,
-    self => match self {
-        Self::Angle(v) => v.into_value(),
-        Self::Func(v) => v.into_value()
-    },
-    v: Angle => CancelAngle::Angle(v),
-    v: Func => CancelAngle::Func(v),
-}
-
-/// Draws a cancel line.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn draw_cancel_line(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    length_scale: Rel<Abs>,
-    stroke: FixedStroke,
-    invert: bool,
-    angle: &Smart<CancelAngle>,
-    body_size: Size,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    span: Span,
-) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let default = default_angle(body_size);
-    let mut angle = match angle {
-        // Non specified angle defaults to the diagonal
-        Smart::Auto => default,
-        Smart::Custom(angle) => match angle {
-            // This specifies the absolute angle w.r.t y-axis clockwise.
-            CancelAngle::Angle(v) => *v,
-            // This specifies a function that takes the default angle as input.
-            CancelAngle::Func(func) => func
-                .call(ctx.engine, Context::new(None, Some(styles)).track(), [default])?
-                .cast()
-                .at(span)?,
-        },
-    };
-
-    // invert means flipping along the y-axis
-    if invert {
-        angle *= -1.0;
-    }
-
-    // same as above, the default length is the diagonal of the body box.
-    let default_length = body_size.to_point().hypot();
-    let length = length_scale.relative_to(default_length);
-
-    // Draw a vertical line of length and rotate it by angle
-    let start = Point::new(Abs::zero(), length / 2.0);
-    let delta = Point::new(Abs::zero(), -length);
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(body_size);
-    frame.push(start, FrameItem::Shape(Geometry::Line(delta).stroked(stroke), span));
-
-    // Having the middle of the line at the origin is convenient here.
-    frame.transform(Transform::rotate(angle));
-    Ok(frame)
-}
-
-/// The default line angle for a body of the given size.
-fn default_angle(body: Size) -> Angle {
-    // The default cancel line is the diagonal.
-    // We infer the default angle from
-    // the diagonal w.r.t to the body box.
-    //
-    // The returned angle is in the range of [0, Pi/2]
-    //
-    // Note that the angle is computed w.r.t to the y-axis
-    //
-    //            B
-    //           /|
-    // diagonal / | height
-    //         /  |
-    //        /   |
-    //       O ----
-    //         width
-    let (width, height) = (body.x, body.y);
-    let default_angle = (width / height).atan(); // arctangent (in the range [0, Pi/2])
-    Angle::rad(default_angle)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/class.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/class.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 1110ebc9..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/class.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, StyleChain};
-use crate::math::{EquationElem, LayoutMath, Limits, MathContext};
-
-/// Forced use of a certain math class.
-///
-/// This is useful to treat certain symbols as if they were of a different
-/// class, e.g. to make a symbol behave like a relation. The class of a symbol
-/// defines the way it is laid out, including spacing around it, and how its
-/// scripts are attached by default. Note that the latter can always be
-/// overridden using [`{limits}`](math.limits) and [`{scripts}`](math.scripts).
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// #let loves = math.class(
-///   "relation",
-///   sym.suit.heart,
-/// )
-///
-/// $x loves y and y loves 5$
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct ClassElem {
-    /// The class to apply to the content.
-    #[required]
-    pub class: MathClass,
-
-    /// The content to which the class is applied.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<ClassElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.class", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let class = *self.class();
-        let style = EquationElem::set_class(Some(class)).wrap();
-        let mut fragment = ctx.layout_into_fragment(self.body(), styles.chain(&style))?;
-        fragment.set_class(class);
-        fragment.set_limits(Limits::for_class(class));
-        ctx.push(fragment);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 35eb665c..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,469 +0,0 @@
-use std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
-
-use ecow::{eco_vec, EcoString};
-use rustybuzz::Feature;
-use ttf_parser::gsub::{AlternateSubstitution, SingleSubstitution, SubstitutionSubtable};
-use ttf_parser::math::MathValue;
-use ttf_parser::opentype_layout::LayoutTable;
-use ttf_parser::GlyphId;
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{Content, Packed, StyleChain, StyleVec};
-use crate::introspection::{SplitLocator, TagElem};
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, Axes, BoxElem, Em, Frame, HElem, PlaceElem, Region, Size, Spacing,
-};
-use crate::math::{
-    scaled_font_size, styled_char, EquationElem, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment,
-    LayoutMath, MathFragment, MathRun, MathSize, THICK,
-};
-use crate::realize::{realize, Arenas, RealizationKind};
-use crate::syntax::{is_newline, Span};
-use crate::text::{
-    features, BottomEdge, BottomEdgeMetric, Font, LinebreakElem, SpaceElem, TextElem,
-    TextSize, TopEdge, TopEdgeMetric,
-};
-
-macro_rules! scaled {
-    ($ctx:expr, $styles:expr, text: $text:ident, display: $display:ident $(,)?) => {
-        match $crate::math::EquationElem::size_in($styles) {
-            $crate::math::MathSize::Display => scaled!($ctx, $styles, $display),
-            _ => scaled!($ctx, $styles, $text),
-        }
-    };
-    ($ctx:expr, $styles:expr, $name:ident) => {
-        $ctx.constants
-            .$name()
-            .scaled($ctx, $crate::math::scaled_font_size($ctx, $styles))
-    };
-}
-
-macro_rules! percent {
-    ($ctx:expr, $name:ident) => {
-        $ctx.constants.$name() as f64 / 100.0
-    };
-}
-
-/// The context for math layout.
-pub struct MathContext<'a, 'v, 'e> {
-    // External.
-    pub engine: &'v mut Engine<'e>,
-    pub locator: &'v mut SplitLocator<'a>,
-    pub region: Region,
-    // Font-related.
-    pub font: &'a Font,
-    pub ttf: &'a ttf_parser::Face<'a>,
-    pub table: ttf_parser::math::Table<'a>,
-    pub constants: ttf_parser::math::Constants<'a>,
-    pub ssty_table: Option<ttf_parser::gsub::AlternateSubstitution<'a>>,
-    pub glyphwise_tables: Option<Vec<GlyphwiseSubsts<'a>>>,
-    pub space_width: Em,
-    // Mutable.
-    pub fragments: Vec<MathFragment>,
-}
-
-impl<'a, 'v, 'e> MathContext<'a, 'v, 'e> {
-    /// Create a new math context.
-    pub fn new(
-        engine: &'v mut Engine<'e>,
-        locator: &'v mut SplitLocator<'a>,
-        styles: StyleChain<'a>,
-        base: Size,
-        font: &'a Font,
-    ) -> Self {
-        let math_table = font.ttf().tables().math.unwrap();
-        let gsub_table = font.ttf().tables().gsub;
-        let constants = math_table.constants.unwrap();
-
-        let ssty_table = gsub_table
-            .and_then(|gsub| {
-                gsub.features
-                    .find(ttf_parser::Tag::from_bytes(b"ssty"))
-                    .and_then(|feature| feature.lookup_indices.get(0))
-                    .and_then(|index| gsub.lookups.get(index))
-            })
-            .and_then(|ssty| ssty.subtables.get::<SubstitutionSubtable>(0))
-            .and_then(|ssty| match ssty {
-                SubstitutionSubtable::Alternate(alt_glyphs) => Some(alt_glyphs),
-                _ => None,
-            });
-
-        let features = features(styles);
-        let glyphwise_tables = gsub_table.map(|gsub| {
-            features
-                .into_iter()
-                .filter_map(|feature| GlyphwiseSubsts::new(gsub, feature))
-                .collect()
-        });
-
-        let ttf = font.ttf();
-        let space_width = ttf
-            .glyph_index(' ')
-            .and_then(|id| ttf.glyph_hor_advance(id))
-            .map(|advance| font.to_em(advance))
-            .unwrap_or(THICK);
-
-        Self {
-            engine,
-            locator,
-            region: Region::new(base, Axes::splat(false)),
-            font,
-            ttf: font.ttf(),
-            table: math_table,
-            constants,
-            ssty_table,
-            glyphwise_tables,
-            space_width,
-            fragments: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Push a fragment.
-    pub fn push(&mut self, fragment: impl Into<MathFragment>) {
-        self.fragments.push(fragment.into());
-    }
-
-    /// Push multiple fragments.
-    pub fn extend(&mut self, fragments: impl IntoIterator<Item = MathFragment>) {
-        self.fragments.extend(fragments);
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a [`MathRun`].
-    pub fn layout_into_run(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<MathRun> {
-        Ok(MathRun::new(self.layout_into_fragments(elem, styles)?))
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given element and return the resulting [`MathFragment`]s.
-    pub fn layout_into_fragments(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<MathFragment>> {
-        // The element's layout_math() changes the fragments held in this
-        // MathContext object, but for convenience this function shouldn't change
-        // them, so we restore the MathContext's fragments after obtaining the
-        // layout result.
-        let prev = std::mem::take(&mut self.fragments);
-        self.layout(elem, styles)?;
-        Ok(std::mem::replace(&mut self.fragments, prev))
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a
-    /// unified [`MathFragment`].
-    pub fn layout_into_fragment(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<MathFragment> {
-        Ok(self.layout_into_run(elem, styles)?.into_fragment(self, styles))
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given element and return the result as a [`Frame`].
-    pub fn layout_into_frame(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        Ok(self.layout_into_fragment(elem, styles)?.into_frame())
-    }
-}
-
-impl MathContext<'_, '_, '_> {
-    /// Layout arbitrary content.
-    fn layout(&mut self, content: &Content, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let arenas = Arenas::default();
-        let pairs = realize(
-            RealizationKind::Math,
-            self.engine,
-            self.locator,
-            &arenas,
-            content,
-            styles,
-        )?;
-
-        let outer = styles;
-        for (elem, styles) in pairs {
-            // Hack because the font is fixed in math.
-            if styles != outer && TextElem::font_in(styles) != TextElem::font_in(outer) {
-                let frame = self.layout_external(elem, styles)?;
-                self.push(FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame).with_spaced(true));
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            self.layout_realized(elem, styles)?;
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Layout an element resulting from realization.
-    fn layout_realized(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
-            self.push(MathFragment::Tag(elem.tag.clone()));
-        } else if elem.is::<SpaceElem>() {
-            let font_size = scaled_font_size(self, styles);
-            self.push(MathFragment::Space(self.space_width.at(font_size)));
-        } else if elem.is::<LinebreakElem>() {
-            self.push(MathFragment::Linebreak);
-        } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<HElem>() {
-            if let Spacing::Rel(rel) = elem.amount() {
-                if rel.rel.is_zero() {
-                    self.push(MathFragment::Spacing(
-                        rel.abs.at(scaled_font_size(self, styles)),
-                        elem.weak(styles),
-                    ));
-                }
-            }
-        } else if let Some(elem) = elem.to_packed::<TextElem>() {
-            let fragment = self.layout_text(elem, styles)?;
-            self.push(fragment);
-        } else if let Some(boxed) = elem.to_packed::<BoxElem>() {
-            let frame = self.layout_box(boxed, styles)?;
-            self.push(FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame).with_spaced(true));
-        } else if let Some(elem) = elem.with::<dyn LayoutMath>() {
-            elem.layout_math(self, styles)?;
-        } else {
-            let mut frame = self.layout_external(elem, styles)?;
-            if !frame.has_baseline() {
-                let axis = scaled!(self, styles, axis_height);
-                frame.set_baseline(frame.height() / 2.0 + axis);
-            }
-            self.push(
-                FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame)
-                    .with_spaced(true)
-                    .with_ignorant(elem.is::<PlaceElem>()),
-            );
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Layout a box into a frame.
-    fn layout_box(
-        &mut self,
-        boxed: &Packed<BoxElem>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let local =
-            TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(self, styles).into())).wrap();
-        boxed.layout(
-            self.engine,
-            self.locator.next(&boxed.span()),
-            styles.chain(&local),
-            self.region.size,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Layout into a frame with normal layout.
-    fn layout_external(
-        &mut self,
-        content: &Content,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let local =
-            TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(self, styles).into())).wrap();
-        layout_frame(
-            self.engine,
-            content,
-            self.locator.next(&content.span()),
-            styles.chain(&local),
-            self.region,
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given [`TextElem`] into a [`MathFragment`].
-    fn layout_text(
-        &mut self,
-        elem: &Packed<TextElem>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<MathFragment> {
-        let text = elem.text();
-        let span = elem.span();
-        let mut chars = text.chars();
-        let math_size = EquationElem::size_in(styles);
-        let fragment = if let Some(mut glyph) = chars
-            .next()
-            .filter(|_| chars.next().is_none())
-            .map(|c| styled_char(styles, c, true))
-            .and_then(|c| GlyphFragment::try_new(self, styles, c, span))
-        {
-            // A single letter that is available in the math font.
-            match math_size {
-                MathSize::Script => {
-                    glyph.make_scriptsize(self);
-                }
-                MathSize::ScriptScript => {
-                    glyph.make_scriptscriptsize(self);
-                }
-                _ => (),
-            }
-
-            if glyph.class == MathClass::Large {
-                let mut variant = if math_size == MathSize::Display {
-                    let height = scaled!(self, styles, display_operator_min_height)
-                        .max(SQRT_2 * glyph.height());
-                    glyph.stretch_vertical(self, height, Abs::zero())
-                } else {
-                    glyph.into_variant()
-                };
-                // TeXbook p 155. Large operators are always vertically centered on the axis.
-                variant.center_on_axis(self);
-                variant.into()
-            } else {
-                glyph.into()
-            }
-        } else if text.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit() || c == '.') {
-            // Numbers aren't that difficult.
-            let mut fragments = vec![];
-            for c in text.chars() {
-                let c = styled_char(styles, c, false);
-                fragments.push(GlyphFragment::new(self, styles, c, span).into());
-            }
-            let frame = MathRun::new(fragments).into_frame(self, styles);
-            FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame).with_text_like(true).into()
-        } else {
-            let local = [
-                TextElem::set_top_edge(TopEdge::Metric(TopEdgeMetric::Bounds)),
-                TextElem::set_bottom_edge(BottomEdge::Metric(BottomEdgeMetric::Bounds)),
-                TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(self, styles).into())),
-            ]
-            .map(|p| p.wrap());
-
-            // Anything else is handled by Typst's standard text layout.
-            let styles = styles.chain(&local);
-            let text: EcoString =
-                text.chars().map(|c| styled_char(styles, c, false)).collect();
-            if text.contains(is_newline) {
-                let mut fragments = vec![];
-                for (i, piece) in text.split(is_newline).enumerate() {
-                    if i != 0 {
-                        fragments.push(MathFragment::Linebreak);
-                    }
-                    if !piece.is_empty() {
-                        fragments
-                            .push(self.layout_complex_text(piece, span, styles)?.into());
-                    }
-                }
-                let mut frame = MathRun::new(fragments).into_frame(self, styles);
-                let axis = scaled!(self, styles, axis_height);
-                frame.set_baseline(frame.height() / 2.0 + axis);
-                FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame).into()
-            } else {
-                self.layout_complex_text(&text, span, styles)?.into()
-            }
-        };
-        Ok(fragment)
-    }
-
-    /// Layout the given text string into a [`FrameFragment`].
-    fn layout_complex_text(
-        &mut self,
-        text: &str,
-        span: Span,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<FrameFragment> {
-        // There isn't a natural width for a paragraph in a math environment;
-        // because it will be placed somewhere probably not at the left margin
-        // it will overflow. So emulate an `hbox` instead and allow the paragraph
-        // to extend as far as needed.
-        let spaced = text.graphemes(true).nth(1).is_some();
-        let elem = TextElem::packed(text).spanned(span);
-        let frame = crate::layout::layout_inline(
-            self.engine,
-            &StyleVec::wrap(eco_vec![elem]),
-            self.locator.next(&span),
-            styles,
-            false,
-            Size::splat(Abs::inf()),
-            false,
-        )?
-        .into_frame();
-
-        Ok(FrameFragment::new(self, styles, frame)
-            .with_class(MathClass::Alphabetic)
-            .with_text_like(true)
-            .with_spaced(spaced))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Converts some unit to an absolute length with the current font & font size.
-pub(super) trait Scaled {
-    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs;
-}
-
-impl Scaled for i16 {
-    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
-        ctx.font.to_em(self).at(font_size)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Scaled for u16 {
-    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
-        ctx.font.to_em(self).at(font_size)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Scaled for MathValue<'_> {
-    fn scaled(self, ctx: &MathContext, font_size: Abs) -> Abs {
-        self.value.scaled(ctx, font_size)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An OpenType substitution table that is applicable to glyph-wise substitutions.
-pub enum GlyphwiseSubsts<'a> {
-    Single(SingleSubstitution<'a>),
-    Alternate(AlternateSubstitution<'a>, u32),
-}
-
-impl<'a> GlyphwiseSubsts<'a> {
-    pub fn new(gsub: LayoutTable<'a>, feature: Feature) -> Option<Self> {
-        let table = gsub
-            .features
-            .find(ttf_parser::Tag(feature.tag.0))
-            .and_then(|feature| feature.lookup_indices.get(0))
-            .and_then(|index| gsub.lookups.get(index))?;
-        let table = table.subtables.get::<SubstitutionSubtable>(0)?;
-        match table {
-            SubstitutionSubtable::Single(single_glyphs) => {
-                Some(Self::Single(single_glyphs))
-            }
-            SubstitutionSubtable::Alternate(alt_glyphs) => {
-                Some(Self::Alternate(alt_glyphs, feature.value))
-            }
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn try_apply(&self, glyph_id: GlyphId) -> Option<GlyphId> {
-        match self {
-            Self::Single(single) => match single {
-                SingleSubstitution::Format1 { coverage, delta } => coverage
-                    .get(glyph_id)
-                    .map(|_| GlyphId(glyph_id.0.wrapping_add(*delta as u16))),
-                SingleSubstitution::Format2 { coverage, substitutes } => {
-                    coverage.get(glyph_id).and_then(|idx| substitutes.get(idx))
-                }
-            },
-            Self::Alternate(alternate, value) => alternate
-                .coverage
-                .get(glyph_id)
-                .and_then(|idx| alternate.alternate_sets.get(idx))
-                .and_then(|set| set.alternates.get(*value as u16)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn apply(&self, glyph_id: GlyphId) -> GlyphId {
-        self.try_apply(glyph_id).unwrap_or(glyph_id)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 19e3ce57..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,576 +0,0 @@
-use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
-
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
-use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, ShowSet, Smart, StyleChain,
-    Styles, Synthesize,
-};
-use crate::introspection::{Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable, Locator};
-use crate::layout::{
-    layout_frame, Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Em, FixedAlignment,
-    Fragment, Frame, InlineElem, InlineItem, OuterHAlignment, Point, Region, Regions,
-    Size, SpecificAlignment, VAlignment,
-};
-use crate::math::{
-    scaled_font_size, MathContext, MathRunFrameBuilder, MathSize, MathVariant,
-};
-use crate::model::{Numbering, Outlinable, ParElem, ParLine, Refable, Supplement};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::{
-    families, variant, Font, FontFamily, FontList, FontWeight, LocalName, TextEdgeBounds,
-    TextElem,
-};
-use crate::utils::{NonZeroExt, Numeric};
-use crate::World;
-
-/// A mathematical equation.
-///
-/// Can be displayed inline with text or as a separate block.
-///
-/// # Example
-/// ```example
-/// #set text(font: "New Computer Modern")
-///
-/// Let $a$, $b$, and $c$ be the side
-/// lengths of right-angled triangle.
-/// Then, we know that:
-/// $ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 $
-///
-/// Prove by induction:
-/// $ sum_(k=1)^n k = (n(n+1)) / 2 $
-/// ```
-///
-/// By default, block-level equations will not break across pages. This can be
-/// changed through `{show math.equation: set block(breakable: true)}`.
-///
-/// # Syntax
-/// This function also has dedicated syntax: Write mathematical markup within
-/// dollar signs to create an equation. Starting and ending the equation with at
-/// least one space lifts it into a separate block that is centered
-/// horizontally. For more details about math syntax, see the
-/// [main math page]($category/math).
-#[elem(Locatable, Synthesize, Show, ShowSet, Count, LocalName, Refable, Outlinable)]
-pub struct EquationElem {
-    /// Whether the equation is displayed as a separate block.
-    #[default(false)]
-    pub block: bool,
-
-    /// How to [number]($numbering) block-level equations.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)")
-    ///
-    /// We define:
-    /// $ phi.alt := (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2 $ <ratio>
-    ///
-    /// With @ratio, we get:
-    /// $ F_n = floor(1 / sqrt(5) phi.alt^n) $
-    /// ```
-    #[borrowed]
-    pub numbering: Option<Numbering>,
-
-    /// The alignment of the equation numbering.
-    ///
-    /// By default, the alignment is `{end + horizon}`. For the horizontal
-    /// component, you can use `{right}`, `{left}`, or `{start}` and `{end}`
-    /// of the text direction; for the vertical component, you can use
-    /// `{top}`, `{horizon}`, or `{bottom}`.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)", number-align: bottom)
-    ///
-    /// We can calculate:
-    /// $ E &= sqrt(m_0^2 + p^2) \
-    ///     &approx 125 "GeV" $
-    /// ```
-    #[default(SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, VAlignment::Horizon))]
-    pub number_align: SpecificAlignment<OuterHAlignment, VAlignment>,
-
-    /// A supplement for the equation.
-    ///
-    /// For references to equations, this is added before the referenced number.
-    ///
-    /// If a function is specified, it is passed the referenced equation and
-    /// should return content.
-    ///
-    /// ```example
-    /// #set math.equation(numbering: "(1)", supplement: [Eq.])
-    ///
-    /// We define:
-    /// $ phi.alt := (1 + sqrt(5)) / 2 $ <ratio>
-    ///
-    /// With @ratio, we get:
-    /// $ F_n = floor(1 / sqrt(5) phi.alt^n) $
-    /// ```
-    pub supplement: Smart<Option<Supplement>>,
-
-    /// The contents of the equation.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The size of the glyphs.
-    #[internal]
-    #[default(MathSize::Text)]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub size: MathSize,
-
-    /// The style variant to select.
-    #[internal]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub variant: MathVariant,
-
-    /// Affects the height of exponents.
-    #[internal]
-    #[default(false)]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub cramped: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to use bold glyphs.
-    #[internal]
-    #[default(false)]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub bold: bool,
-
-    /// Whether to use italic glyphs.
-    #[internal]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub italic: Smart<bool>,
-
-    /// A forced class to use for all fragment.
-    #[internal]
-    #[ghost]
-    pub class: Option<MathClass>,
-}
-
-impl Synthesize for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn synthesize(
-        &mut self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let supplement = match self.as_ref().supplement(styles) {
-            Smart::Auto => TextElem::packed(Self::local_name_in(styles)),
-            Smart::Custom(None) => Content::empty(),
-            Smart::Custom(Some(supplement)) => {
-                supplement.resolve(engine, styles, [self.clone().pack()])?
-            }
-        };
-
-        self.push_supplement(Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(supplement))));
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-impl Show for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        if self.block(styles) {
-            Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_equation_block)
-                .pack()
-                .spanned(self.span()))
-        } else {
-            Ok(InlineElem::layouter(self.clone(), layout_equation_inline)
-                .pack()
-                .spanned(self.span()))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ShowSet for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn show_set(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Styles {
-        let mut out = Styles::new();
-        if self.block(styles) {
-            out.set(AlignElem::set_alignment(Alignment::CENTER));
-            out.set(BlockElem::set_breakable(false));
-            out.set(ParLine::set_numbering(None));
-            out.set(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Display));
-        } else {
-            out.set(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Text));
-        }
-        out.set(TextElem::set_weight(FontWeight::from_number(450)));
-        out.set(TextElem::set_font(FontList(vec![FontFamily::new(
-            "New Computer Modern Math",
-        )])));
-        out
-    }
-}
-
-impl Count for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn update(&self) -> Option<CounterUpdate> {
-        (self.block(StyleChain::default()) && self.numbering().is_some())
-            .then(|| CounterUpdate::Step(NonZeroUsize::ONE))
-    }
-}
-
-impl LocalName for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    const KEY: &'static str = "equation";
-}
-
-impl Refable for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn supplement(&self) -> Content {
-        // After synthesis, this should always be custom content.
-        match (**self).supplement(StyleChain::default()) {
-            Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(content))) => content,
-            _ => Content::empty(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn counter(&self) -> Counter {
-        Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
-    }
-
-    fn numbering(&self) -> Option<&Numbering> {
-        (**self).numbering(StyleChain::default()).as_ref()
-    }
-}
-
-impl Outlinable for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    fn outline(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Option<Content>> {
-        if !self.block(StyleChain::default()) {
-            return Ok(None);
-        }
-        let Some(numbering) = self.numbering() else {
-            return Ok(None);
-        };
-
-        // After synthesis, this should always be custom content.
-        let mut supplement = match (**self).supplement(StyleChain::default()) {
-            Smart::Custom(Some(Supplement::Content(content))) => content,
-            _ => Content::empty(),
-        };
-
-        if !supplement.is_empty() {
-            supplement += TextElem::packed("\u{a0}");
-        }
-
-        let numbers = self.counter().display_at_loc(
-            engine,
-            self.location().unwrap(),
-            styles,
-            numbering,
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(Some(supplement + numbers))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Layout an inline equation (in a paragraph).
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_equation_inline(
-    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    region: Size,
-) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
-    assert!(!elem.block(styles));
-
-    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, elem.span())?;
-
-    let mut locator = locator.split();
-    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, &mut locator, styles, region, &font);
-    let run = ctx.layout_into_run(&elem.body, styles)?;
-
-    let mut items = if run.row_count() == 1 {
-        run.into_par_items()
-    } else {
-        vec![InlineItem::Frame(run.into_fragment(&ctx, styles).into_frame())]
-    };
-
-    // An empty equation should have a height, so we still create a frame
-    // (which is then resized in the loop).
-    if items.is_empty() {
-        items.push(InlineItem::Frame(Frame::soft(Size::zero())));
-    }
-
-    for item in &mut items {
-        let InlineItem::Frame(frame) = item else { continue };
-
-        let font_size = scaled_font_size(&ctx, styles);
-        let slack = ParElem::leading_in(styles) * 0.7;
-
-        let (t, b) = font.edges(
-            TextElem::top_edge_in(styles),
-            TextElem::bottom_edge_in(styles),
-            font_size,
-            TextEdgeBounds::Frame(frame),
-        );
-
-        let ascent = t.max(frame.ascent() - slack);
-        let descent = b.max(frame.descent() - slack);
-        frame.translate(Point::with_y(ascent - frame.baseline()));
-        frame.size_mut().y = ascent + descent;
-    }
-
-    Ok(items)
-}
-
-/// Layout a block-level equation (in a flow).
-#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
-fn layout_equation_block(
-    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
-) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-    assert!(elem.block(styles));
-
-    let span = elem.span();
-    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, span)?;
-
-    let mut locator = locator.split();
-    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, &mut locator, styles, regions.base(), &font);
-    let full_equation_builder = ctx
-        .layout_into_run(&elem.body, styles)?
-        .multiline_frame_builder(&ctx, styles);
-    let width = full_equation_builder.size.x;
-
-    let equation_builders = if BlockElem::breakable_in(styles) {
-        let mut rows = full_equation_builder.frames.into_iter().peekable();
-        let mut equation_builders = vec![];
-        let mut last_first_pos = Point::zero();
-        let mut regions = regions;
-
-        loop {
-            // Keep track of the position of the first row in this region,
-            // so that the offset can be reverted later.
-            let Some(&(_, first_pos)) = rows.peek() else { break };
-            last_first_pos = first_pos;
-
-            let mut frames = vec![];
-            let mut height = Abs::zero();
-            while let Some((sub, pos)) = rows.peek() {
-                let mut pos = *pos;
-                pos.y -= first_pos.y;
-
-                // Finish this region if the line doesn't fit. Only do it if
-                // we placed at least one line _or_ we still have non-last
-                // regions. Crucially, we don't want to infinitely create
-                // new regions which are too small.
-                if !regions.size.y.fits(sub.height() + pos.y)
-                    && (regions.may_progress()
-                        || (regions.may_break() && !frames.is_empty()))
-                {
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                let (sub, _) = rows.next().unwrap();
-                height = height.max(pos.y + sub.height());
-                frames.push((sub, pos));
-            }
-
-            equation_builders
-                .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames, size: Size::new(width, height) });
-            regions.next();
-        }
-
-        // Append remaining rows to the equation builder of the last region.
-        if let Some(equation_builder) = equation_builders.last_mut() {
-            equation_builder.frames.extend(rows.map(|(frame, mut pos)| {
-                pos.y -= last_first_pos.y;
-                (frame, pos)
-            }));
-
-            let height = equation_builder
-                .frames
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(frame, pos)| frame.height() + pos.y)
-                .max()
-                .unwrap_or(equation_builder.size.y);
-
-            equation_builder.size.y = height;
-        }
-
-        // Ensure that there is at least one frame, even for empty equations.
-        if equation_builders.is_empty() {
-            equation_builders
-                .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames: vec![], size: Size::zero() });
-        }
-
-        equation_builders
-    } else {
-        vec![full_equation_builder]
-    };
-
-    let Some(numbering) = (**elem).numbering(styles) else {
-        let frames = equation_builders
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(MathRunFrameBuilder::build)
-            .collect();
-        return Ok(Fragment::frames(frames));
-    };
-
-    let pod = Region::new(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
-    let counter = Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
-        .display_at_loc(engine, elem.location().unwrap(), styles, numbering)?
-        .spanned(span);
-    let number = layout_frame(engine, &counter, locator.next(&()), styles, pod)?;
-
-    static NUMBER_GUTTER: Em = Em::new(0.5);
-    let full_number_width = number.width() + NUMBER_GUTTER.resolve(styles);
-
-    let number_align = match elem.number_align(styles) {
-        SpecificAlignment::H(h) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, VAlignment::Horizon),
-        SpecificAlignment::V(v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, v),
-        SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v),
-    };
-
-    // Add equation numbers to each equation region.
-    let region_count = equation_builders.len();
-    let frames = equation_builders
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|builder| {
-            if builder.frames.is_empty() && region_count > 1 {
-                // Don't number empty regions, but do number empty equations.
-                return builder.build();
-            }
-            add_equation_number(
-                builder,
-                number.clone(),
-                number_align.resolve(styles),
-                AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles).x,
-                regions.size.x,
-                full_number_width,
-            )
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    Ok(Fragment::frames(frames))
-}
-
-fn find_math_font(
-    engine: &mut Engine<'_>,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    span: Span,
-) -> SourceResult<Font> {
-    let variant = variant(styles);
-    let world = engine.world;
-    let Some(font) = families(styles).find_map(|family| {
-        let id = world.book().select(family, variant)?;
-        let font = world.font(id)?;
-        let _ = font.ttf().tables().math?.constants?;
-        Some(font)
-    }) else {
-        bail!(span, "current font does not support math");
-    };
-    Ok(font)
-}
-
-fn add_equation_number(
-    equation_builder: MathRunFrameBuilder,
-    number: Frame,
-    number_align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
-    equation_align: FixedAlignment,
-    region_size_x: Abs,
-    full_number_width: Abs,
-) -> Frame {
-    let first =
-        equation_builder.frames.first().map_or(
-            (equation_builder.size, Point::zero(), Abs::zero()),
-            |(frame, pos)| (frame.size(), *pos, frame.baseline()),
-        );
-    let last =
-        equation_builder.frames.last().map_or(
-            (equation_builder.size, Point::zero(), Abs::zero()),
-            |(frame, pos)| (frame.size(), *pos, frame.baseline()),
-        );
-    let line_count = equation_builder.frames.len();
-    let mut equation = equation_builder.build();
-
-    let width = if region_size_x.is_finite() {
-        region_size_x
-    } else {
-        equation.width() + 2.0 * full_number_width
-    };
-
-    let is_multiline = line_count >= 2;
-    let resizing_offset = resize_equation(
-        &mut equation,
-        &number,
-        number_align,
-        equation_align,
-        width,
-        is_multiline,
-        [first, last],
-    );
-    equation.translate(Point::with_x(match (equation_align, number_align.x) {
-        (FixedAlignment::Start, FixedAlignment::Start) => full_number_width,
-        (FixedAlignment::End, FixedAlignment::End) => -full_number_width,
-        _ => Abs::zero(),
-    }));
-
-    let x = match number_align.x {
-        FixedAlignment::Start => Abs::zero(),
-        FixedAlignment::End => equation.width() - number.width(),
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    };
-    let y = {
-        let align_baselines = |(_, pos, baseline): (_, Point, Abs), number: &Frame| {
-            resizing_offset.y + pos.y + baseline - number.baseline()
-        };
-        match number_align.y {
-            FixedAlignment::Start => align_baselines(first, &number),
-            FixedAlignment::Center if !is_multiline => align_baselines(first, &number),
-            // In this case, the center lines (not baselines) of the number frame
-            // and the equation frame shall be aligned.
-            FixedAlignment::Center => (equation.height() - number.height()) / 2.0,
-            FixedAlignment::End => align_baselines(last, &number),
-        }
-    };
-
-    equation.push_frame(Point::new(x, y), number);
-    equation
-}
-
-/// Resize the equation's frame accordingly so that it encompasses the number.
-fn resize_equation(
-    equation: &mut Frame,
-    number: &Frame,
-    number_align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
-    equation_align: FixedAlignment,
-    width: Abs,
-    is_multiline: bool,
-    [first, last]: [(Axes<Abs>, Point, Abs); 2],
-) -> Point {
-    if matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::Center if is_multiline) {
-        // In this case, the center lines (not baselines) of the number frame
-        // and the equation frame shall be aligned.
-        return equation.resize(
-            Size::new(width, equation.height().max(number.height())),
-            Axes::<FixedAlignment>::new(equation_align, FixedAlignment::Center),
-        );
-    }
-
-    let excess_above = Abs::zero().max({
-        if !is_multiline || matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::Start) {
-            let (.., baseline) = first;
-            number.baseline() - baseline
-        } else {
-            Abs::zero()
-        }
-    });
-    let excess_below = Abs::zero().max({
-        if !is_multiline || matches!(number_align.y, FixedAlignment::End) {
-            let (size, .., baseline) = last;
-            (number.height() - number.baseline()) - (size.y - baseline)
-        } else {
-            Abs::zero()
-        }
-    });
-
-    // The vertical expansion is asymmetric on the top and bottom edges, so we
-    // first align at the top then translate the content downward later.
-    let resizing_offset = equation.resize(
-        Size::new(width, equation.height() + excess_above + excess_below),
-        Axes::<FixedAlignment>::new(equation_align, FixedAlignment::Start),
-    );
-    equation.translate(Point::with_y(excess_above));
-    resizing_offset + Point::with_y(excess_above)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/lr.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/lr.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ccaf2959..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/lr.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, func, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axis, Em, Length, Rel};
-use crate::math::{
-    stretch_fragment, EquationElem, LayoutMath, MathContext, MathFragment, Scaled,
-};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-
-/// How much less high scaled delimiters can be than what they wrap.
-pub(super) const DELIM_SHORT_FALL: Em = Em::new(0.1);
-
-/// Scales delimiters.
-///
-/// While matched delimiters scale by default, this can be used to scale
-/// unmatched delimiters and to control the delimiter scaling more precisely.
-#[elem(title = "Left/Right", LayoutMath)]
-pub struct LrElem {
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    pub size: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-
-    /// The delimited content, including the delimiters.
-    #[required]
-    #[parse(
-        let mut arguments = args.all::<Content>()?.into_iter();
-        let mut body = arguments.next().unwrap_or_default();
-        arguments.for_each(|arg| body += TextElem::packed(',') + arg);
-        body
-    )]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<LrElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.lr", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let mut body = self.body();
-
-        // Extract from an EquationElem.
-        if let Some(equation) = body.to_packed::<EquationElem>() {
-            body = equation.body();
-        }
-
-        // Extract implicit LrElem.
-        if let Some(lr) = body.to_packed::<LrElem>() {
-            if lr.size(styles).is_auto() {
-                body = lr.body();
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut fragments = ctx.layout_into_fragments(body, styles)?;
-        let axis = scaled!(ctx, styles, axis_height);
-        let max_extent = fragments
-            .iter()
-            .map(|fragment| (fragment.ascent() - axis).max(fragment.descent() + axis))
-            .max()
-            .unwrap_or_default();
-
-        let relative_to = 2.0 * max_extent;
-        let height = self.size(styles);
-
-        // Scale up fragments at both ends.
-        match fragments.as_mut_slice() {
-            [one] => scale(ctx, styles, one, relative_to, height, None),
-            [first, .., last] => {
-                scale(ctx, styles, first, relative_to, height, Some(MathClass::Opening));
-                scale(ctx, styles, last, relative_to, height, Some(MathClass::Closing));
-            }
-            _ => {}
-        }
-
-        // Handle MathFragment::Variant fragments that should be scaled up.
-        for fragment in &mut fragments {
-            if let MathFragment::Variant(ref mut variant) = fragment {
-                if variant.mid_stretched == Some(false) {
-                    variant.mid_stretched = Some(true);
-                    scale(
-                        ctx,
-                        styles,
-                        fragment,
-                        relative_to,
-                        height,
-                        Some(MathClass::Large),
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Remove weak SpacingFragment immediately after the opening or immediately
-        // before the closing.
-        let original_len = fragments.len();
-        let mut index = 0;
-        fragments.retain(|fragment| {
-            index += 1;
-            (index != 2 && index + 1 != original_len)
-                || !matches!(fragment, MathFragment::Spacing(_, true))
-        });
-
-        ctx.extend(fragments);
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Scales delimiters vertically to the nearest surrounding `{lr()}` group.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ { x mid(|) sum_(i=1)^n w_i|f_i (x)| < 1 } $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct MidElem {
-    /// The content to be scaled.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<MidElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.mid", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let mut fragments = ctx.layout_into_fragments(self.body(), styles)?;
-
-        for fragment in &mut fragments {
-            match fragment {
-                MathFragment::Glyph(glyph) => {
-                    let mut new = glyph.clone().into_variant();
-                    new.mid_stretched = Some(false);
-                    new.class = MathClass::Fence;
-                    *fragment = MathFragment::Variant(new);
-                }
-                MathFragment::Variant(variant) => {
-                    variant.mid_stretched = Some(false);
-                    variant.class = MathClass::Fence;
-                }
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-
-        ctx.extend(fragments);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Scale a math fragment to a height.
-fn scale(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    fragment: &mut MathFragment,
-    relative_to: Abs,
-    height: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
-    apply: Option<MathClass>,
-) {
-    if matches!(
-        fragment.class(),
-        MathClass::Opening | MathClass::Closing | MathClass::Fence
-    ) {
-        // This unwrap doesn't really matter. If it is None, then the fragment
-        // won't be stretchable anyways.
-        let short_fall = DELIM_SHORT_FALL.at(fragment.font_size().unwrap_or_default());
-        stretch_fragment(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            fragment,
-            Some(Axis::Y),
-            Some(relative_to),
-            height,
-            short_fall,
-        );
-
-        if let Some(class) = apply {
-            fragment.set_class(class);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Floors an expression.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ floor(x/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func]
-pub fn floor(
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    #[named]
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-    /// The expression to floor.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    delimited(body, '⌊', '⌋', size)
-}
-
-/// Ceils an expression.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ ceil(x/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func]
-pub fn ceil(
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    #[named]
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-    /// The expression to ceil.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    delimited(body, '⌈', '⌉', size)
-}
-
-/// Rounds an expression.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ round(x/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func]
-pub fn round(
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    #[named]
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-    /// The expression to round.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    delimited(body, '⌊', '⌉', size)
-}
-
-/// Takes the absolute value of an expression.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ abs(x/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func]
-pub fn abs(
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    #[named]
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-    /// The expression to take the absolute value of.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    delimited(body, '|', '|', size)
-}
-
-/// Takes the norm of an expression.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ norm(x/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func]
-pub fn norm(
-    /// The size of the brackets, relative to the height of the wrapped content.
-    #[named]
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-    /// The expression to take the norm of.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    delimited(body, '‖', '‖', size)
-}
-
-fn delimited(
-    body: Content,
-    left: char,
-    right: char,
-    size: Option<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
-) -> Content {
-    let span = body.span();
-    let mut elem = LrElem::new(Content::sequence([
-        TextElem::packed(left),
-        body,
-        TextElem::packed(right),
-    ]));
-    // Push size only if size is provided
-    if let Some(size) = size {
-        elem.push_size(size);
-    }
-    elem.pack().spanned(span)
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/spacing.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/spacing.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 377a2248..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/spacing.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
-
-use crate::foundations::{NativeElement, Scope};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, HElem};
-use crate::math::{MathFragment, MathSize};
-
-pub(super) const THIN: Em = Em::new(1.0 / 6.0);
-pub(super) const MEDIUM: Em = Em::new(2.0 / 9.0);
-pub(super) const THICK: Em = Em::new(5.0 / 18.0);
-pub(super) const QUAD: Em = Em::new(1.0);
-pub(super) const WIDE: Em = Em::new(2.0);
-
-/// Hook up all spacings.
-pub(super) fn define(math: &mut Scope) {
-    math.define("thin", HElem::new(THIN.into()).pack());
-    math.define("med", HElem::new(MEDIUM.into()).pack());
-    math.define("thick", HElem::new(THICK.into()).pack());
-    math.define("quad", HElem::new(QUAD.into()).pack());
-    math.define("wide", HElem::new(WIDE.into()).pack());
-}
-
-/// Create the spacing between two fragments in a given style.
-pub(super) fn spacing(
-    l: &MathFragment,
-    space: Option<MathFragment>,
-    r: &MathFragment,
-) -> Option<MathFragment> {
-    use MathClass::*;
-
-    let resolve = |v: Em, size_ref: &MathFragment| -> Option<MathFragment> {
-        let width = size_ref.font_size().map_or(Abs::zero(), |size| v.at(size));
-        Some(MathFragment::Spacing(width, false))
-    };
-    let script = |f: &MathFragment| f.math_size().is_some_and(|s| s <= MathSize::Script);
-
-    match (l.class(), r.class()) {
-        // No spacing before punctuation; thin spacing after punctuation, unless
-        // in script size.
-        (_, Punctuation) => None,
-        (Punctuation, _) if !script(l) => resolve(THIN, l),
-
-        // No spacing after opening delimiters and before closing delimiters.
-        (Opening, _) | (_, Closing) => None,
-
-        // Thick spacing around relations, unless followed by a another relation
-        // or in script size.
-        (Relation, Relation) => None,
-        (Relation, _) if !script(l) => resolve(THICK, l),
-        (_, Relation) if !script(r) => resolve(THICK, r),
-
-        // Medium spacing around binary operators, unless in script size.
-        (Binary, _) if !script(l) => resolve(MEDIUM, l),
-        (_, Binary) if !script(r) => resolve(MEDIUM, r),
-
-        // Thin spacing around large operators, unless to the left of
-        // an opening delimiter. TeXBook, p170
-        (Large, Opening | Fence) => None,
-        (Large, _) => resolve(THIN, l),
-        (_, Large) => resolve(THIN, r),
-
-        // Spacing around spaced frames.
-        _ if (l.is_spaced() || r.is_spaced()) => space,
-
-        _ => None,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/style.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/style.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 67a198a7..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/style.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,518 +0,0 @@
-use crate::foundations::{func, Cast, Content, Smart, Style, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::Abs;
-use crate::math::{EquationElem, MathContext};
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::utils::LazyHash;
-
-/// Bold font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ bold(A) := B^+ $
-/// ```
-#[func(keywords = ["mathbf"])]
-pub fn bold(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_bold(true))
-}
-
-/// Upright (non-italic) font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ upright(A) != A $
-/// ```
-#[func(keywords = ["mathup"])]
-pub fn upright(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_italic(Smart::Custom(false)))
-}
-
-/// Italic font style in math.
-///
-/// For roman letters and greek lowercase letters, this is already the default.
-#[func(keywords = ["mathit"])]
-pub fn italic(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_italic(Smart::Custom(true)))
-}
-
-/// Serif (roman) font style in math.
-///
-/// This is already the default.
-#[func(keywords = ["mathrm"])]
-pub fn serif(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Serif))
-}
-
-/// Sans-serif font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ sans(A B C) $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Sans Serif", keywords = ["mathsf"])]
-pub fn sans(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Sans))
-}
-
-/// Calligraphic font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// Let $cal(P)$ be the set of ...
-/// ```
-///
-/// This corresponds both to LaTeX's `\mathcal` and `\mathscr` as both of these
-/// styles share the same Unicode codepoints. Switching between the styles is
-/// thus only possible if supported by the font via
-/// [font features]($text.features).
-///
-/// For the default math font, the roundhand style is available through the
-/// `ss01` feature. Therefore, you could define your own version of `\mathscr`
-/// like this:
-///
-/// ```example
-/// #let scr(it) = text(
-///   features: ("ss01",),
-///   box($cal(it)$),
-/// )
-///
-/// We establish $cal(P) != scr(P)$.
-/// ```
-///
-/// (The box is not conceptually necessary, but unfortunately currently needed
-/// due to limitations in Typst's text style handling in math.)
-#[func(title = "Calligraphic", keywords = ["mathcal", "mathscr"])]
-pub fn cal(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Cal))
-}
-
-/// Fraktur font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ frak(P) $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Fraktur", keywords = ["mathfrak"])]
-pub fn frak(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Frak))
-}
-
-/// Monospace font style in math.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ mono(x + y = z) $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Monospace", keywords = ["mathtt"])]
-pub fn mono(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Mono))
-}
-
-/// Blackboard bold (double-struck) font style in math.
-///
-/// For uppercase latin letters, blackboard bold is additionally available
-/// through [symbols]($category/symbols/sym) of the form `NN` and `RR`.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ bb(b) $
-/// $ bb(N) = NN $
-/// $ f: NN -> RR $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Blackboard Bold", keywords = ["mathbb"])]
-pub fn bb(
-    /// The content to style.
-    body: Content,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_variant(MathVariant::Bb))
-}
-
-/// Forced display style in math.
-///
-/// This is the normal size for block equations.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $sum_i x_i/2 = display(sum_i x_i/2)$
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Display Size", keywords = ["displaystyle"])]
-pub fn display(
-    /// The content to size.
-    body: Content,
-    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
-    /// and superscripts do.
-    #[named]
-    #[default(false)]
-    cramped: bool,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Display))
-        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
-}
-
-/// Forced inline (text) style in math.
-///
-/// This is the normal size for inline equations.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ sum_i x_i/2
-///     = inline(sum_i x_i/2) $
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Inline Size", keywords = ["textstyle"])]
-pub fn inline(
-    /// The content to size.
-    body: Content,
-    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
-    /// and superscripts do.
-    #[named]
-    #[default(false)]
-    cramped: bool,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Text))
-        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
-}
-
-/// Forced script style in math.
-///
-/// This is the smaller size used in powers or sub- or superscripts.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $sum_i x_i/2 = script(sum_i x_i/2)$
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Script Size", keywords = ["scriptstyle"])]
-pub fn script(
-    /// The content to size.
-    body: Content,
-    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
-    /// and superscripts do.
-    #[named]
-    #[default(true)]
-    cramped: bool,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::Script))
-        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
-}
-
-/// Forced second script style in math.
-///
-/// This is the smallest size, used in second-level sub- and superscripts
-/// (script of the script).
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $sum_i x_i/2 = sscript(sum_i x_i/2)$
-/// ```
-#[func(title = "Script-Script Size", keywords = ["scriptscriptstyle"])]
-pub fn sscript(
-    /// The content to size.
-    body: Content,
-    /// Whether to impose a height restriction for exponents, like regular sub-
-    /// and superscripts do.
-    #[named]
-    #[default(true)]
-    cramped: bool,
-) -> Content {
-    body.styled(EquationElem::set_size(MathSize::ScriptScript))
-        .styled(EquationElem::set_cramped(cramped))
-}
-
-/// The size of elements in an equation.
-///
-/// See the TeXbook p. 141.
-#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Cast, Hash)]
-pub enum MathSize {
-    /// Second-level sub- and superscripts.
-    ScriptScript,
-    /// Sub- and superscripts.
-    Script,
-    /// Math in text.
-    Text,
-    /// Math on its own line.
-    Display,
-}
-
-impl MathSize {
-    /// The scaling factor.
-    pub fn factor(self, ctx: &MathContext) -> f64 {
-        match self {
-            Self::Display | Self::Text => 1.0,
-            Self::Script => percent!(ctx, script_percent_scale_down),
-            Self::ScriptScript => percent!(ctx, script_script_percent_scale_down),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// A mathematical style variant, as defined by Unicode.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Cast, Hash)]
-pub enum MathVariant {
-    #[default]
-    Serif,
-    Sans,
-    Cal,
-    Frak,
-    Mono,
-    Bb,
-}
-
-/// Get the font size scaled with the `MathSize`.
-pub fn scaled_font_size(ctx: &MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> Abs {
-    EquationElem::size_in(styles).factor(ctx) * TextElem::size_in(styles)
-}
-
-/// Styles something as cramped.
-pub fn style_cramped() -> LazyHash<Style> {
-    EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()
-}
-
-/// The style for subscripts in the current style.
-pub fn style_for_subscript(styles: StyleChain) -> [LazyHash<Style>; 2] {
-    [style_for_superscript(styles), EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()]
-}
-
-/// The style for superscripts in the current style.
-pub fn style_for_superscript(styles: StyleChain) -> LazyHash<Style> {
-    EquationElem::set_size(match EquationElem::size_in(styles) {
-        MathSize::Display | MathSize::Text => MathSize::Script,
-        MathSize::Script | MathSize::ScriptScript => MathSize::ScriptScript,
-    })
-    .wrap()
-}
-
-/// The style for numerators in the current style.
-pub fn style_for_numerator(styles: StyleChain) -> LazyHash<Style> {
-    EquationElem::set_size(match EquationElem::size_in(styles) {
-        MathSize::Display => MathSize::Text,
-        MathSize::Text => MathSize::Script,
-        MathSize::Script | MathSize::ScriptScript => MathSize::ScriptScript,
-    })
-    .wrap()
-}
-
-/// The style for denominators in the current style.
-pub fn style_for_denominator(styles: StyleChain) -> [LazyHash<Style>; 2] {
-    [style_for_numerator(styles), EquationElem::set_cramped(true).wrap()]
-}
-
-/// Select the correct styled math letter.
-///
-/// <https://www.w3.org/TR/mathml-core/#new-text-transform-mappings>
-/// <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_Alphanumeric_Symbols>
-pub fn styled_char(styles: StyleChain, c: char, auto_italic: bool) -> char {
-    use MathVariant::*;
-
-    let variant = EquationElem::variant_in(styles);
-    let bold = EquationElem::bold_in(styles);
-    let italic = EquationElem::italic_in(styles).unwrap_or(
-        auto_italic
-            && matches!(
-                c,
-                'a'..='z' | 'ı' | 'ȷ' | 'A'..='Z' | 'α'..='ω' |
-                '∂' | 'ϵ' | 'ϑ' | 'ϰ' | 'ϕ' | 'ϱ' | 'ϖ'
-            )
-            && matches!(variant, Sans | Serif),
-    );
-
-    if let Some(c) = basic_exception(c) {
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    if let Some(c) = latin_exception(c, variant, bold, italic) {
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    if let Some(c) = greek_exception(c, variant, bold, italic) {
-        return c;
-    }
-
-    let base = match c {
-        'A'..='Z' => 'A',
-        'a'..='z' => 'a',
-        'Α'..='Ω' => 'Α',
-        'α'..='ω' => 'α',
-        '0'..='9' => '0',
-        // Hebrew Alef -> Dalet.
-        '\u{05D0}'..='\u{05D3}' => '\u{05D0}',
-        _ => return c,
-    };
-
-    let tuple = (variant, bold, italic);
-    let start = match c {
-        // Latin upper.
-        'A'..='Z' => match tuple {
-            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0041,
-            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D400,
-            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D434,
-            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D468,
-            (Sans, false, false) => 0x1D5A0,
-            (Sans, true, false) => 0x1D5D4,
-            (Sans, false, true) => 0x1D608,
-            (Sans, true, true) => 0x1D63C,
-            (Cal, false, _) => 0x1D49C,
-            (Cal, true, _) => 0x1D4D0,
-            (Frak, false, _) => 0x1D504,
-            (Frak, true, _) => 0x1D56C,
-            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D670,
-            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D538,
-        },
-
-        // Latin lower.
-        'a'..='z' => match tuple {
-            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0061,
-            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D41A,
-            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D44E,
-            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D482,
-            (Sans, false, false) => 0x1D5BA,
-            (Sans, true, false) => 0x1D5EE,
-            (Sans, false, true) => 0x1D622,
-            (Sans, true, true) => 0x1D656,
-            (Cal, false, _) => 0x1D4B6,
-            (Cal, true, _) => 0x1D4EA,
-            (Frak, false, _) => 0x1D51E,
-            (Frak, true, _) => 0x1D586,
-            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D68A,
-            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D552,
-        },
-
-        // Greek upper.
-        'Α'..='Ω' => match tuple {
-            (Serif, false, false) => 0x0391,
-            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D6A8,
-            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D6E2,
-            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D71C,
-            (Sans, _, false) => 0x1D756,
-            (Sans, _, true) => 0x1D790,
-            (Cal | Frak | Mono | Bb, _, _) => return c,
-        },
-
-        // Greek lower.
-        'α'..='ω' => match tuple {
-            (Serif, false, false) => 0x03B1,
-            (Serif, true, false) => 0x1D6C2,
-            (Serif, false, true) => 0x1D6FC,
-            (Serif, true, true) => 0x1D736,
-            (Sans, _, false) => 0x1D770,
-            (Sans, _, true) => 0x1D7AA,
-            (Cal | Frak | Mono | Bb, _, _) => return c,
-        },
-
-        // Hebrew Alef -> Dalet.
-        '\u{05D0}'..='\u{05D3}' => 0x2135,
-
-        // Numbers.
-        '0'..='9' => match tuple {
-            (Serif, false, _) => 0x0030,
-            (Serif, true, _) => 0x1D7CE,
-            (Bb, _, _) => 0x1D7D8,
-            (Sans, false, _) => 0x1D7E2,
-            (Sans, true, _) => 0x1D7EC,
-            (Mono, _, _) => 0x1D7F6,
-            (Cal | Frak, _, _) => return c,
-        },
-
-        _ => unreachable!(),
-    };
-
-    std::char::from_u32(start + (c as u32 - base as u32)).unwrap()
-}
-
-fn basic_exception(c: char) -> Option<char> {
-    Some(match c {
-        '〈' => '⟨',
-        '〉' => '⟩',
-        '《' => '⟪',
-        '》' => '⟫',
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
-
-fn latin_exception(
-    c: char,
-    variant: MathVariant,
-    bold: bool,
-    italic: bool,
-) -> Option<char> {
-    use MathVariant::*;
-    Some(match (c, variant, bold, italic) {
-        ('B', Cal, false, _) => 'ℬ',
-        ('E', Cal, false, _) => 'ℰ',
-        ('F', Cal, false, _) => 'ℱ',
-        ('H', Cal, false, _) => 'ℋ',
-        ('I', Cal, false, _) => 'ℐ',
-        ('L', Cal, false, _) => 'ℒ',
-        ('M', Cal, false, _) => 'ℳ',
-        ('R', Cal, false, _) => 'ℛ',
-        ('C', Frak, false, _) => 'ℭ',
-        ('H', Frak, false, _) => 'ℌ',
-        ('I', Frak, false, _) => 'ℑ',
-        ('R', Frak, false, _) => 'ℜ',
-        ('Z', Frak, false, _) => 'ℨ',
-        ('C', Bb, ..) => 'ℂ',
-        ('H', Bb, ..) => 'ℍ',
-        ('N', Bb, ..) => 'ℕ',
-        ('P', Bb, ..) => 'ℙ',
-        ('Q', Bb, ..) => 'ℚ',
-        ('R', Bb, ..) => 'ℝ',
-        ('Z', Bb, ..) => 'ℤ',
-        ('D', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅅ',
-        ('d', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅆ',
-        ('e', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅇ',
-        ('i', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅈ',
-        ('j', Bb, _, true) => 'ⅉ',
-        ('h', Serif, false, true) => 'ℎ',
-        ('e', Cal, false, _) => 'ℯ',
-        ('g', Cal, false, _) => 'ℊ',
-        ('o', Cal, false, _) => 'ℴ',
-        ('ı', Serif, .., true) => '𝚤',
-        ('ȷ', Serif, .., true) => '𝚥',
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
-
-fn greek_exception(
-    c: char,
-    variant: MathVariant,
-    bold: bool,
-    italic: bool,
-) -> Option<char> {
-    use MathVariant::*;
-    let list = match c {
-        'ϴ' => ['𝚹', '𝛳', '𝜭', '𝝧', '𝞡', 'ϴ'],
-        '∇' => ['𝛁', '𝛻', '𝜵', '𝝯', '𝞩', '∇'],
-        '∂' => ['𝛛', '𝜕', '𝝏', '𝞉', '𝟃', '∂'],
-        'ϵ' => ['𝛜', '𝜖', '𝝐', '𝞊', '𝟄', 'ϵ'],
-        'ϑ' => ['𝛝', '𝜗', '𝝑', '𝞋', '𝟅', 'ϑ'],
-        'ϰ' => ['𝛞', '𝜘', '𝝒', '𝞌', '𝟆', 'ϰ'],
-        'ϕ' => ['𝛟', '𝜙', '𝝓', '𝞍', '𝟇', 'ϕ'],
-        'ϱ' => ['𝛠', '𝜚', '𝝔', '𝞎', '𝟈', 'ϱ'],
-        'ϖ' => ['𝛡', '𝜛', '𝝕', '𝞏', '𝟉', 'ϖ'],
-        'Γ' => ['𝚪', '𝛤', '𝜞', '𝝘', '𝞒', 'ℾ'],
-        'γ' => ['𝛄', '𝛾', '𝜸', '𝝲', '𝞬', 'ℽ'],
-        'Π' => ['𝚷', '𝛱', '𝜫', '𝝥', '𝞟', 'ℿ'],
-        'π' => ['𝛑', '𝜋', '𝝅', '𝝿', '𝞹', 'ℼ'],
-        '∑' => ['∑', '∑', '∑', '∑', '∑', '⅀'],
-        _ => return None,
-    };
-
-    Some(match (variant, bold, italic) {
-        (Serif, true, false) => list[0],
-        (Serif, false, true) => list[1],
-        (Serif, true, true) => list[2],
-        (Sans, _, false) => list[3],
-        (Sans, _, true) => list[4],
-        (Bb, ..) => list[5],
-        _ => return None,
-    })
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/underover.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/underover.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ad7f457..00000000
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/underover.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,496 +0,0 @@
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Em, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Point, Size};
-use crate::math::{
-    alignments, scaled_font_size, style_cramped, style_for_subscript,
-    style_for_superscript, AlignmentResult, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment, LayoutMath,
-    LeftRightAlternator, MathContext, MathRun, Scaled,
-};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
-use crate::text::TextElem;
-use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry};
-
-const BRACE_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
-const BRACKET_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
-const PAREN_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
-const SHELL_GAP: Em = Em::new(0.25);
-
-/// A marker to distinguish under- vs. overlines.
-enum Position {
-    Under,
-    Over,
-}
-
-/// A horizontal line under content.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ underline(1 + 2 + ... + 5) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct UnderlineElem {
-    /// The content above the line.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<UnderlineElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underline", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverline(ctx, styles, self.body(), self.span(), Position::Under)
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal line over content.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ overline(1 + 2 + ... + 5) $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct OverlineElem {
-    /// The content below the line.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OverlineElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overline", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverline(ctx, styles, self.body(), self.span(), Position::Over)
-    }
-}
-
-/// layout under- or overlined content
-fn layout_underoverline(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    body: &Content,
-    span: Span,
-    position: Position,
-) -> SourceResult<()> {
-    let (extra_height, content, line_pos, content_pos, baseline, bar_height, line_adjust);
-    match position {
-        Position::Under => {
-            let sep = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_extra_descender);
-            bar_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_rule_thickness);
-            let gap = scaled!(ctx, styles, underbar_vertical_gap);
-            extra_height = sep + bar_height + gap;
-
-            content = ctx.layout_into_fragment(body, styles)?;
-
-            line_pos = Point::with_y(content.height() + gap + bar_height / 2.0);
-            content_pos = Point::zero();
-            baseline = content.ascent();
-            line_adjust = -content.italics_correction();
-        }
-        Position::Over => {
-            let sep = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_extra_ascender);
-            bar_height = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_rule_thickness);
-            let gap = scaled!(ctx, styles, overbar_vertical_gap);
-            extra_height = sep + bar_height + gap;
-
-            let cramped = style_cramped();
-            content = ctx.layout_into_fragment(body, styles.chain(&cramped))?;
-
-            line_pos = Point::with_y(sep + bar_height / 2.0);
-            content_pos = Point::with_y(extra_height);
-            baseline = content.ascent() + extra_height;
-            line_adjust = Abs::zero();
-        }
-    }
-
-    let width = content.width();
-    let height = content.height() + extra_height;
-    let size = Size::new(width, height);
-    let line_width = width + line_adjust;
-
-    let content_class = content.class();
-    let content_is_text_like = content.is_text_like();
-    let content_italics_correction = content.italics_correction();
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-    frame.set_baseline(baseline);
-    frame.push_frame(content_pos, content.into_frame());
-    frame.push(
-        line_pos,
-        FrameItem::Shape(
-            Geometry::Line(Point::with_x(line_width)).stroked(FixedStroke {
-                paint: TextElem::fill_in(styles).as_decoration(),
-                thickness: bar_height,
-                ..FixedStroke::default()
-            }),
-            span,
-        ),
-    );
-
-    ctx.push(
-        FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame)
-            .with_class(content_class)
-            .with_text_like(content_is_text_like)
-            .with_italics_correction(content_italics_correction),
-    );
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// A horizontal brace under content, with an optional annotation below.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ underbrace(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct UnderbraceElem {
-    /// The content above the brace.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content below the brace.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<UnderbraceElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underbrace", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏟',
-            BRACE_GAP,
-            Position::Under,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal brace over content, with an optional annotation above.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ overbrace(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct OverbraceElem {
-    /// The content below the brace.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content above the brace.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OverbraceElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overbrace", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏞',
-            BRACE_GAP,
-            Position::Over,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal bracket under content, with an optional annotation below.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ underbracket(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct UnderbracketElem {
-    /// The content above the bracket.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content below the bracket.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<UnderbracketElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underbracket", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⎵',
-            BRACKET_GAP,
-            Position::Under,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal bracket over content, with an optional annotation above.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ overbracket(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct OverbracketElem {
-    /// The content below the bracket.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content above the bracket.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OverbracketElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overbracket", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⎴',
-            BRACKET_GAP,
-            Position::Over,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal parenthesis under content, with an optional annotation below.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ underparen(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct UnderparenElem {
-    /// The content above the parenthesis.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content below the parenthesis.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<UnderparenElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.underparen", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏝',
-            PAREN_GAP,
-            Position::Under,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal parenthesis over content, with an optional annotation above.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ overparen(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct OverparenElem {
-    /// The content below the parenthesis.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content above the parenthesis.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OverparenElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overparen", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏜',
-            PAREN_GAP,
-            Position::Over,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal tortoise shell bracket under content, with an optional annotation below.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ undershell(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct UndershellElem {
-    /// The content above the tortoise shell bracket.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content below the tortoise shell bracket.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<UndershellElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.undershell", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏡',
-            SHELL_GAP,
-            Position::Under,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// A horizontal tortoise shell bracket over content, with an optional annotation above.
-///
-/// ```example
-/// $ overshell(1 + 2 + ... + 5, "numbers") $
-/// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMath)]
-pub struct OvershellElem {
-    /// The content below the tortoise shell bracket.
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-
-    /// The optional content above the tortoise shell bracket.
-    #[positional]
-    pub annotation: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl LayoutMath for Packed<OvershellElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.overshell", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_math(&self, ctx: &mut MathContext, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        layout_underoverspreader(
-            ctx,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            &self.annotation(styles),
-            '⏠',
-            SHELL_GAP,
-            Position::Over,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-/// Layout an over- or underbrace-like object.
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn layout_underoverspreader(
-    ctx: &mut MathContext,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    body: &Content,
-    annotation: &Option<Content>,
-    c: char,
-    gap: Em,
-    position: Position,
-    span: Span,
-) -> SourceResult<()> {
-    let font_size = scaled_font_size(ctx, styles);
-    let gap = gap.at(font_size);
-    let body = ctx.layout_into_run(body, styles)?;
-    let body_class = body.class();
-    let body = body.into_fragment(ctx, styles);
-    let glyph = GlyphFragment::new(ctx, styles, c, span);
-    let stretched = glyph.stretch_horizontal(ctx, body.width(), Abs::zero());
-
-    let mut rows = vec![];
-    let baseline = match position {
-        Position::Under => {
-            rows.push(MathRun::new(vec![body]));
-            rows.push(stretched.into());
-            if let Some(annotation) = annotation {
-                let under_style = style_for_subscript(styles);
-                let annotation_styles = styles.chain(&under_style);
-                rows.push(ctx.layout_into_run(annotation, annotation_styles)?);
-            }
-            0
-        }
-        Position::Over => {
-            if let Some(annotation) = annotation {
-                let over_style = style_for_superscript(styles);
-                let annotation_styles = styles.chain(&over_style);
-                rows.push(ctx.layout_into_run(annotation, annotation_styles)?);
-            }
-            rows.push(stretched.into());
-            rows.push(MathRun::new(vec![body]));
-            rows.len() - 1
-        }
-    };
-
-    let frame = stack(
-        rows,
-        FixedAlignment::Center,
-        gap,
-        baseline,
-        LeftRightAlternator::Right,
-        None,
-    );
-    ctx.push(FrameFragment::new(ctx, styles, frame).with_class(body_class));
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Stack rows on top of each other.
-///
-/// Add a `gap` between each row and uses the baseline of the `baseline`-th
-/// row for the whole frame. `alternator` controls the left/right alternating
-/// alignment behavior of `AlignPointElem` in the rows.
-pub(super) fn stack(
-    rows: Vec<MathRun>,
-    align: FixedAlignment,
-    gap: Abs,
-    baseline: usize,
-    alternator: LeftRightAlternator,
-    minimum_ascent_descent: Option<(Abs, Abs)>,
-) -> Frame {
-    let rows: Vec<_> = rows.into_iter().flat_map(|r| r.rows()).collect();
-    let AlignmentResult { points, width } = alignments(&rows);
-    let rows: Vec<_> = rows
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|row| row.into_line_frame(&points, alternator))
-        .collect();
-
-    let padded_height = |height: Abs| {
-        height.max(minimum_ascent_descent.map_or(Abs::zero(), |(a, d)| a + d))
-    };
-
-    let mut frame = Frame::soft(Size::new(
-        width,
-        rows.iter().map(|row| padded_height(row.height())).sum::<Abs>()
-            + rows.len().saturating_sub(1) as f64 * gap,
-    ));
-
-    let mut y = Abs::zero();
-    for (i, row) in rows.into_iter().enumerate() {
-        let x = if points.is_empty() {
-            align.position(width - row.width())
-        } else {
-            Abs::zero()
-        };
-        let ascent_padded_part = minimum_ascent_descent
-            .map_or(Abs::zero(), |(a, _)| (a - row.ascent()))
-            .max(Abs::zero());
-        let pos = Point::new(x, y + ascent_padded_part);
-        if i == baseline {
-            frame.set_baseline(y + row.baseline() + ascent_padded_part);
-        }
-        y += padded_height(row.height()) + gap;
-        frame.push_frame(pos, row);
-    }
-
-    frame
-}
diff --git a/docs/Cargo.toml b/docs/Cargo.toml
index dbae0b77..a24ee254 100644
--- a/docs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/docs/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,20 +19,19 @@ cli = ["clap", "typst-render", "serde_json"]
 typst = { workspace = true }
 typst-assets = { workspace = true, features = ["fonts"] }
 typst-dev-assets = { workspace = true }
-comemo = { workspace = true }
+clap = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 ecow = { workspace = true }
 heck = { workspace = true }
 once_cell = { workspace = true }
 pulldown-cmark = { workspace = true }
 serde = { workspace = true }
+serde_json = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 serde_yaml = { workspace = true }
 syntect = { workspace = true, features = ["html"] }
 typed-arena = { workspace = true }
+typst-render = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 unscanny = { workspace = true }
 yaml-front-matter = { workspace = true }
-clap = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-typst-render = { workspace = true, optional = true }
-serde_json = { workspace = true, optional = true }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/docs/src/model.rs b/docs/src/model.rs
index a4416c3d..b222322a 100644
--- a/docs/src/model.rs
+++ b/docs/src/model.rs
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ impl OutlineItem {
 #[derive(Debug, Serialize)]
 #[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
 #[serde(tag = "kind", content = "content")]
+#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
 pub enum BodyModel {
     Html(Html),
     Category(CategoryModel),
diff --git a/tests/Cargo.toml b/tests/Cargo.toml
index 2923f4d0..b2fedd75 100644
--- a/tests/Cargo.toml
+++ b/tests/Cargo.toml
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ harness = false
 typst = { workspace = true }
 typst-assets = { workspace = true, features = ["fonts"] }
 typst-dev-assets = { workspace = true }
+typst-library = { workspace = true }
 typst-pdf = { workspace = true }
 typst-render = { workspace = true }
 typst-svg = { workspace = true }
@@ -27,7 +28,6 @@ parking_lot = { workspace = true }
 rayon = { workspace = true }
 regex = { workspace = true }
 tiny-skia = { workspace = true }
-ttf-parser = { workspace = true }
 unscanny = { workspace = true }
 walkdir = { workspace = true }