Show block-level elements as blocks (#4310)

49 files changed, 2105 insertions, 1616 deletions

diff --git a/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs b/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs
index 7b6c0263..40f89618 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/foundations/int.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ use std::num::{NonZeroI64, NonZeroIsize, NonZeroU64, NonZeroUsize, ParseIntError
 
 use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 
-use crate::{
-    diag::StrResult,
-    foundations::{cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Repr, Str, Value},
-};
+use crate::diag::StrResult;
+use crate::foundations::{cast, func, repr, scope, ty, Repr, Str, Value};
 
 /// A whole number.
 ///
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs
index 9bf61d35..1a7c0239 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/introspection/mod.rs
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ pub use self::state::*;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::NativeElement;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    category, elem, Args, Category, Construct, Content, Packed, Scope, Unlabellable,
+    category, elem, Args, Category, Construct, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Scope,
+    Unlabellable,
 };
 use crate::realize::{Behave, Behaviour};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs
index 451a1b5c..c3ff8cbc 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/abs.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ use ecow::EcoString;
 use crate::foundations::{cast, repr, Fold, Repr, Value};
 use crate::utils::{Numeric, Scalar};
 
+/// The epsilon for approximate comparisons.
+const EPS: f64 = 1e-6;
+
 /// An absolute length.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Hash)]
 pub struct Abs(Scalar);
@@ -54,7 +57,7 @@ impl Abs {
 
     /// Get the value of this absolute length in raw units.
     pub const fn to_raw(self) -> f64 {
-        (self.0).get()
+        self.0.get()
     }
 
     /// Get the value of this absolute length in a unit.
@@ -110,12 +113,17 @@ impl Abs {
     /// Whether the other absolute length fits into this one (i.e. is smaller).
     /// Allows for a bit of slack.
     pub fn fits(self, other: Self) -> bool {
-        self.0 + 1e-6 >= other.0
+        self.0 + EPS >= other.0
     }
 
     /// Compares two absolute lengths for whether they are approximately equal.
     pub fn approx_eq(self, other: Self) -> bool {
-        self == other || (self - other).to_raw().abs() < 1e-6
+        self == other || (self - other).to_raw().abs() < EPS
+    }
+
+    /// Whether the size is close to zero or negative.
+    pub fn approx_empty(self) -> bool {
+        self.to_raw() <= EPS
     }
 
     /// Returns a number that represent the sign of this length
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs
index 41986a10..95744412 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/align.rs
@@ -49,10 +49,7 @@ pub struct AlignElem {
 impl Show for Packed<AlignElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "align", span = self.span())]
     fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
-        Ok(self
-            .body()
-            .clone()
-            .styled(AlignElem::set_alignment(self.alignment(styles))))
+        Ok(self.body().clone().aligned(self.alignment(styles)))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs
index 6f2ab70d..a96fa850 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/axes.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::ops::{BitAnd, BitAndAssign, BitOr, BitOrAssign, Deref, Not};
 
 use crate::diag::bail;
 use crate::foundations::{array, cast, Array, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Length, Ratio, Rel};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Dir, Length, Ratio, Rel, Size};
 use crate::utils::Get;
 
 /// A container with a horizontal and vertical component.
@@ -120,6 +120,16 @@ impl<T: Ord> Axes<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl Axes<Rel<Abs>> {
+    /// Evaluate the axes relative to the given `size`.
+    pub fn relative_to(&self, size: Size) -> Size {
+        Size {
+            x: self.x.relative_to(size.x),
+            y: self.y.relative_to(size.y),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T> Get<Axis> for Axes<T> {
     type Component = T;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs
index f3812311..c249a227 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/columns.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Dir, Fragment, Frame, LayoutMultiple, Length, Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel,
-    Size,
+    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Dir, Fragment, Frame, Length, Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel, Size,
 };
 use crate::realize::{Behave, Behaviour};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ use crate::utils::Numeric;
 /// increasingly been used to solve a
 /// variety of problems.
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct ColumnsElem {
     /// The number of columns.
     #[positional]
@@ -59,82 +58,86 @@ pub struct ColumnsElem {
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<ColumnsElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "columns", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let body = self.body();
-
-        // Separating the infinite space into infinite columns does not make
-        // much sense.
-        if !regions.size.x.is_finite() {
-            return body.layout(engine, styles, regions);
-        }
+impl Show for Packed<ColumnsElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_columns)
+            .with_rootable(true)
+            .pack())
+    }
+}
 
-        // Determine the width of the gutter and each column.
-        let columns = self.count(styles).get();
-        let gutter = self.gutter(styles).relative_to(regions.base().x);
-        let width = (regions.size.x - gutter * (columns - 1) as f64) / columns as f64;
-
-        let backlog: Vec<_> = std::iter::once(&regions.size.y)
-            .chain(regions.backlog)
-            .flat_map(|&height| std::iter::repeat(height).take(columns))
-            .skip(1)
-            .collect();
-
-        // Create the pod regions.
-        let pod = Regions {
-            size: Size::new(width, regions.size.y),
-            full: regions.full,
-            backlog: &backlog,
-            last: regions.last,
-            expand: Axes::new(true, regions.expand.y),
-            root: regions.root,
-        };
-
-        // Layout the children.
-        let mut frames = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_iter();
-        let mut finished = vec![];
-
-        let dir = TextElem::dir_in(styles);
-        let total_regions = (frames.len() as f32 / columns as f32).ceil() as usize;
-
-        // Stitch together the columns for each region.
-        for region in regions.iter().take(total_regions) {
-            // The height should be the parent height if we should expand.
-            // Otherwise its the maximum column height for the frame. In that
-            // case, the frame is first created with zero height and then
-            // resized.
-            let height = if regions.expand.y { region.y } else { Abs::zero() };
-            let mut output = Frame::hard(Size::new(regions.size.x, height));
-            let mut cursor = Abs::zero();
-
-            for _ in 0..columns {
-                let Some(frame) = frames.next() else { break };
-                if !regions.expand.y {
-                    output.size_mut().y.set_max(frame.height());
-                }
-
-                let width = frame.width();
-                let x = if dir == Dir::LTR {
-                    cursor
-                } else {
-                    regions.size.x - cursor - width
-                };
-
-                output.push_frame(Point::with_x(x), frame);
-                cursor += width + gutter;
+/// Layout the columns.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_columns(
+    elem: &Packed<ColumnsElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let body = elem.body();
+
+    // Separating the infinite space into infinite columns does not make
+    // much sense.
+    if !regions.size.x.is_finite() {
+        return body.layout(engine, styles, regions);
+    }
+
+    // Determine the width of the gutter and each column.
+    let columns = elem.count(styles).get();
+    let gutter = elem.gutter(styles).relative_to(regions.base().x);
+    let width = (regions.size.x - gutter * (columns - 1) as f64) / columns as f64;
+
+    let backlog: Vec<_> = std::iter::once(&regions.size.y)
+        .chain(regions.backlog)
+        .flat_map(|&height| std::iter::repeat(height).take(columns))
+        .skip(1)
+        .collect();
+
+    // Create the pod regions.
+    let pod = Regions {
+        size: Size::new(width, regions.size.y),
+        full: regions.full,
+        backlog: &backlog,
+        last: regions.last,
+        expand: Axes::new(true, regions.expand.y),
+        root: regions.root,
+    };
+
+    // Layout the children.
+    let mut frames = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_iter();
+    let mut finished = vec![];
+
+    let dir = TextElem::dir_in(styles);
+    let total_regions = (frames.len() as f32 / columns as f32).ceil() as usize;
+
+    // Stitch together the columns for each region.
+    for region in regions.iter().take(total_regions) {
+        // The height should be the parent height if we should expand.
+        // Otherwise its the maximum column height for the frame. In that
+        // case, the frame is first created with zero height and then
+        // resized.
+        let height = if regions.expand.y { region.y } else { Abs::zero() };
+        let mut output = Frame::hard(Size::new(regions.size.x, height));
+        let mut cursor = Abs::zero();
+
+        for _ in 0..columns {
+            let Some(frame) = frames.next() else { break };
+            if !regions.expand.y {
+                output.size_mut().y.set_max(frame.height());
             }
 
-            finished.push(output);
+            let width = frame.width();
+            let x =
+                if dir == Dir::LTR { cursor } else { regions.size.x - cursor - width };
+
+            output.push_frame(Point::with_x(x), frame);
+            cursor += width + gutter;
         }
 
-        Ok(Fragment::frames(finished))
+        finished.push(output);
     }
+
+    Ok(Fragment::frames(finished))
 }
 
 /// Forces a column break.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs
index 31699197..26db64b6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/container.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
-use crate::diag::SourceResult;
+use once_cell::unsync::Lazy;
+use smallvec::SmallVec;
+
+use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, AutoValue, Content, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
+    cast, elem, Args, AutoValue, Construct, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve,
+    Smart, StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Corners, Em, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameKind, LayoutMultiple, Length,
-    Ratio, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size, Spacing, VElem,
+    Abs, Axes, Corners, Em, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameKind, Length, Region, Regions, Rel,
+    Sides, Size, Spacing, VElem,
 };
 use crate::utils::Numeric;
 use crate::visualize::{clip_rect, Paint, Stroke};
@@ -106,47 +110,53 @@ pub struct BoxElem {
 
     /// The contents of the box.
     #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
     pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
 impl Packed<BoxElem> {
+    /// Layout this box as part of a paragraph.
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "box", span = self.span())]
     pub fn layout(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
+        region: Size,
     ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let width = match self.width(styles) {
-            Sizing::Auto => Smart::Auto,
-            Sizing::Rel(rel) => Smart::Custom(rel),
-            Sizing::Fr(_) => Smart::Custom(Ratio::one().into()),
+        // Fetch sizing properties.
+        let width = self.width(styles);
+        let height = self.height(styles);
+        let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+
+        // Build the pod region.
+        let pod = Self::pod(&width, &height, &inset, styles, region);
+
+        // Layout the body.
+        let mut frame = match self.body(styles) {
+            // If we have no body, just create an empty frame. If necessary,
+            // its size will be adjusted below.
+            None => Frame::hard(Size::zero()),
+
+            // If we have a child, layout it into the body. Boxes are boundaries
+            // for gradient relativeness, so we set the `FrameKind` to `Hard`.
+            Some(body) => body
+                .layout(engine, styles, pod.into_regions())?
+                .into_frame()
+                .with_kind(FrameKind::Hard),
         };
 
-        // Resolve the sizing to a concrete size.
-        let sizing = Axes::new(width, self.height(styles));
-        let expand = sizing.as_ref().map(Smart::is_custom);
-        let size = sizing
-            .resolve(styles)
-            .zip_map(regions.base(), |s, b| s.map(|v| v.relative_to(b)))
-            .unwrap_or(regions.base());
+        // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
+        // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
+        frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(pod.size, frame.size()));
 
-        // Apply inset.
-        let mut body = self.body(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-        let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-        if inset.iter().any(|v| !v.is_zero()) {
-            body = body.padded(inset.map(|side| side.map(Length::from)));
+        // Apply the inset.
+        if !inset.is_zero() {
+            crate::layout::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
         }
 
-        // Select the appropriate base and expansion for the child depending
-        // on whether it is automatically or relatively sized.
-        let pod = Regions::one(size, expand);
-        let mut frame = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-
-        // Enforce correct size.
-        *frame.size_mut() = expand.select(size, frame.size());
-
-        // Apply baseline shift.
+        // Apply baseline shift. Do this after setting the size and applying the
+        // inset, so that a relative shift is resolved relative to the final
+        // height.
         let shift = self.baseline(styles).relative_to(frame.height());
         if !shift.is_zero() {
             frame.set_baseline(frame.baseline() - shift);
@@ -159,27 +169,115 @@ impl Packed<BoxElem> {
             .unwrap_or_default()
             .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
 
-        // Clip the contents
+        // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
+        let outset = Lazy::new(|| self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+        let radius = Lazy::new(|| self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+
+        // Clip the contents, if requested.
         if self.clip(styles) {
-            let outset =
-                self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default().relative_to(frame.size());
-            let size = frame.size() + outset.sum_by_axis();
-            let radius = self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-            frame.clip(clip_rect(size, radius, &stroke));
+            let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
+            frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
         }
 
         // Add fill and/or stroke.
         if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-            let outset = self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-            let radius = self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-            frame.fill_and_stroke(fill, stroke, outset, radius, self.span());
+            frame.fill_and_stroke(fill, &stroke, &outset, &radius, self.span());
         }
 
-        // Apply metadata.
-        frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
-
         Ok(frame)
     }
+
+    /// Builds the pod region for box layout.
+    fn pod(
+        width: &Sizing,
+        height: &Smart<Rel>,
+        inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Size,
+    ) -> Region {
+        // Resolve the size.
+        let mut size = Size::new(
+            match width {
+                // For auto, the whole region is available.
+                Sizing::Auto => region.x,
+                // Resolve the relative sizing.
+                Sizing::Rel(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(region.x),
+                // Fr is handled outside and already factored into the `region`,
+                // so we can treat it equivalently to 100%.
+                Sizing::Fr(_) => region.x,
+            },
+            match height {
+                // See above. Note that fr is not supported on this axis.
+                Smart::Auto => region.y,
+                Smart::Custom(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(region.y),
+            },
+        );
+
+        // Take the inset, if any, into account.
+        if !inset.is_zero() {
+            size = crate::layout::shrink(size, inset);
+        }
+
+        // If the child is not auto-sized, the size is forced and we should
+        // enable expansion.
+        let expand = Axes::new(*width != Sizing::Auto, *height != Smart::Auto);
+
+        Region::new(size, expand)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An inline-level container that can produce arbitrary items that can break
+/// across lines.
+#[elem(Construct)]
+pub struct InlineElem {
+    /// A callback that is invoked with the regions to produce arbitrary
+    /// inline items.
+    #[required]
+    #[internal]
+    body: callbacks::InlineCallback,
+}
+
+impl Construct for InlineElem {
+    fn construct(_: &mut Engine, args: &mut Args) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        bail!(args.span, "cannot be constructed manually");
+    }
+}
+
+impl InlineElem {
+    /// Create an inline-level item with a custom layouter.
+    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    pub fn layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        callback: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Size,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new(callbacks::InlineCallback::new(captured, callback))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Packed<InlineElem> {
+    /// Layout the element.
+    pub fn layout(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        region: Size,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
+        self.body().call(engine, styles, region)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Layouted items suitable for placing in a paragraph.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum InlineItem {
+    /// Absolute spacing between other items, and whether it is weak.
+    Space(Abs, bool),
+    /// Layouted inline-level content.
+    Frame(Frame),
 }
 
 /// A block-level container.
@@ -211,7 +309,7 @@ impl Packed<BoxElem> {
 /// = Blocky
 /// More text.
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem]
 pub struct BlockElem {
     /// The block's width.
     ///
@@ -332,93 +430,155 @@ pub struct BlockElem {
     #[default(false)]
     pub clip: bool,
 
-    /// The contents of the block.
-    #[positional]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
-
     /// Whether this block must stick to the following one.
     ///
     /// Use this to prevent page breaks between e.g. a heading and its body.
     #[internal]
     #[default(false)]
-    #[ghost]
+    #[parse(None)]
     pub sticky: bool,
+
+    /// Whether this block can host footnotes.
+    #[internal]
+    #[default(false)]
+    #[parse(None)]
+    pub rootable: bool,
+
+    /// The contents of the block.
+    #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
+    pub body: Option<BlockChild>,
+}
+
+impl BlockElem {
+    /// Create a block with a custom single-region layouter.
+    ///
+    /// Such a block must have `breakable: false` (which is set by this
+    /// constructor).
+    pub fn single_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        f: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Region,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+            .with_breakable(false)
+            .with_body(Some(BlockChild::SingleLayouter(
+                callbacks::BlockSingleCallback::new(captured, f),
+            )))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a block with a custom multi-region layouter.
+    pub fn multi_layouter<T: NativeElement>(
+        captured: Packed<T>,
+        f: fn(
+            content: &Packed<T>,
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            regions: Regions,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self::new().with_body(Some(BlockChild::MultiLayouter(
+            callbacks::BlockMultiCallback::new(captured, f),
+        )))
+    }
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<BlockElem> {
+impl Packed<BlockElem> {
+    /// Layout this block as part of a flow.
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "block", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
+    pub fn layout(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
         regions: Regions,
     ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        // Apply inset.
-        let mut body = self.body(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+        // Fetch sizing properties.
+        let width = self.width(styles);
+        let height = self.height(styles);
         let inset = self.inset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-        if inset.iter().any(|v| !v.is_zero()) {
-            body = body.clone().padded(inset.map(|side| side.map(Length::from)));
-        }
-
-        // Resolve the sizing to a concrete size.
-        let sizing = Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles));
-        let mut expand = sizing.as_ref().map(Smart::is_custom);
-        let mut size = sizing
-            .resolve(styles)
-            .zip_map(regions.base(), |s, b| s.map(|v| v.relative_to(b)))
-            .unwrap_or(regions.base());
-
-        // Layout the child.
-        let mut frames = if self.breakable(styles) {
-            // Measure to ensure frames for all regions have the same width.
-            if sizing.x == Smart::Auto {
-                let pod = Regions::one(size, Axes::splat(false));
-                let frame = body.measure(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-                size.x = frame.width();
-                expand.x = true;
-            }
-
-            let mut pod = regions;
-            pod.size.x = size.x;
-            pod.expand = expand;
-
-            if expand.y {
-                pod.full = size.y;
-            }
-
-            // Generate backlog for fixed height.
-            let mut heights = vec![];
-            if sizing.y.is_custom() {
-                let mut remaining = size.y;
-                for region in regions.iter() {
-                    let limited = region.y.min(remaining);
-                    heights.push(limited);
-                    remaining -= limited;
-                    if Abs::zero().fits(remaining) {
-                        break;
+        let breakable = self.breakable(styles);
+
+        // Allocate a small vector for backlogs.
+        let mut buf = SmallVec::<[Abs; 2]>::new();
+
+        // Build the pod regions.
+        let pod =
+            Self::pod(&width, &height, &inset, breakable, styles, regions, &mut buf);
+
+        // Layout the body.
+        let body = self.body(styles);
+        let mut fragment = match body {
+            // If we have no body, just create one frame plus one per backlog
+            // region. We create them zero-sized; if necessary, their size will
+            // be adjusted below.
+            None => {
+                let mut frames = vec![];
+                frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
+                if pod.expand.y {
+                    let mut iter = pod;
+                    while !iter.backlog.is_empty() {
+                        frames.push(Frame::hard(Size::zero()));
+                        iter.next();
                     }
                 }
+                Fragment::frames(frames)
+            }
 
-                if let Some(last) = heights.last_mut() {
-                    *last += remaining;
+            // If we have content as our body, just layout it.
+            Some(BlockChild::Content(body)) => {
+                let mut fragment = body.measure(engine, styles, pod)?;
+
+                // If the body is automatically sized and produced more than one
+                // fragment, ensure that the width was consistent across all
+                // regions. If it wasn't, we need to relayout with expansion.
+                if !pod.expand.x
+                    && fragment
+                        .as_slice()
+                        .windows(2)
+                        .any(|w| !w[0].width().approx_eq(w[1].width()))
+                {
+                    let max_width = fragment
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|frame| frame.width())
+                        .max()
+                        .unwrap_or_default();
+                    let pod = Regions {
+                        size: Size::new(max_width, pod.size.y),
+                        expand: Axes::new(true, pod.expand.y),
+                        ..pod
+                    };
+                    fragment = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?;
+                } else {
+                    // Apply the side effect to turn the `measure` into a
+                    // `layout`.
+                    engine.locator.visit_frames(&fragment);
                 }
 
-                pod.size.y = heights[0];
-                pod.backlog = &heights[1..];
-                pod.last = None;
+                fragment
+            }
+
+            // If we have a child that wants to layout with just access to the
+            // base region, give it that.
+            Some(BlockChild::SingleLayouter(callback)) => {
+                let pod = Region::new(pod.base(), pod.expand);
+                callback.call(engine, styles, pod).map(Fragment::frame)?
             }
 
-            let mut frames = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frames();
-            for (frame, &height) in frames.iter_mut().zip(&heights) {
-                *frame.size_mut() =
-                    expand.select(Size::new(size.x, height), frame.size());
+            // If we have a child that wants to layout with full region access,
+            // we layout it.
+            //
+            // For auto-sized multi-layouters, we propagate the outer expansion
+            // so that they can decide for themselves. We also ensure again to
+            // only expand if the size is finite.
+            Some(BlockChild::MultiLayouter(callback)) => {
+                let expand = (pod.expand | regions.expand) & pod.size.map(Abs::is_finite);
+                let pod = Regions { expand, ..pod };
+                callback.call(engine, styles, pod)?
             }
-            frames
-        } else {
-            let pod = Regions::one(size, expand);
-            let mut frames = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frames();
-            *frames[0].size_mut() = expand.select(size, frames[0].size());
-            frames
         };
 
         // Prepare fill and stroke.
@@ -428,60 +588,219 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<BlockElem> {
             .unwrap_or_default()
             .map(|s| s.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default));
 
-        // Clip the contents
-        if self.clip(styles) {
-            for frame in frames.iter_mut() {
-                let outset =
-                    self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default().relative_to(frame.size());
-                let size = frame.size() + outset.sum_by_axis();
-                let radius = self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-                frame.clip(clip_rect(size, radius, &stroke));
-            }
+        // Only fetch these if necessary (for clipping or filling/stroking).
+        let outset = Lazy::new(|| self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+        let radius = Lazy::new(|| self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default());
+
+        // Fetch/compute these outside of the loop.
+        let clip = self.clip(styles);
+        let has_fill_or_stroke = fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some);
+        let has_inset = !inset.is_zero();
+        let is_explicit = matches!(body, None | Some(BlockChild::Content(_)));
+
+        // Skip filling/stroking the first frame if it is empty and a non-empty
+        // one follows.
+        let mut skip_first = false;
+        if let [first, rest @ ..] = fragment.as_slice() {
+            skip_first = has_fill_or_stroke
+                && first.is_empty()
+                && rest.iter().any(|frame| !frame.is_empty());
         }
 
-        // Add fill and/or stroke.
-        if fill.is_some() || stroke.iter().any(Option::is_some) {
-            let mut skip = false;
-            if let [first, rest @ ..] = frames.as_slice() {
-                skip = first.is_empty() && rest.iter().any(|frame| !frame.is_empty());
+        // Post-process to apply insets, clipping, fills, and strokes.
+        for (i, (frame, region)) in fragment.iter_mut().zip(pod.iter()).enumerate() {
+            // Explicit blocks are boundaries for gradient relativeness.
+            if is_explicit {
+                frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
             }
 
-            let outset = self.outset(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-            let radius = self.radius(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-            for frame in frames.iter_mut().skip(skip as usize) {
+            // Enforce a correct frame size on the expanded axes. Do this before
+            // applying the inset, since the pod shrunk.
+            frame.set_size(pod.expand.select(region, frame.size()));
+
+            // Apply the inset.
+            if has_inset {
+                crate::layout::grow(frame, &inset);
+            }
+
+            // Clip the contents, if requested.
+            if clip {
+                let size = frame.size() + outset.relative_to(frame.size()).sum_by_axis();
+                frame.clip(clip_rect(size, &radius, &stroke));
+            }
+
+            // Add fill and/or stroke.
+            if has_fill_or_stroke && (i > 0 || !skip_first) {
                 frame.fill_and_stroke(
                     fill.clone(),
-                    stroke.clone(),
-                    outset,
-                    radius,
+                    &stroke,
+                    &outset,
+                    &radius,
                     self.span(),
                 );
             }
         }
 
-        // Apply metadata.
-        for frame in &mut frames {
-            frame.set_kind(FrameKind::Hard);
+        Ok(fragment)
+    }
+
+    /// Builds the pod regions for block layout.
+    ///
+    /// If `breakable` is `false`, this will only ever return a single region.
+    fn pod<'a>(
+        width: &Smart<Rel>,
+        height: &Smart<Rel>,
+        inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+        breakable: bool,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+        buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
+    ) -> Regions<'a> {
+        let base = regions.base();
+
+        // The vertical region sizes we're about to build.
+        let first;
+        let full;
+        let backlog: &mut [Abs];
+        let last;
+
+        // If the block has a fixed height, things are very different, so we
+        // handle that case completely separately.
+        match height {
+            Smart::Auto => {
+                if breakable {
+                    // If the block automatically sized and breakable, we can
+                    // just inherit the regions.
+                    first = regions.size.y;
+                    buf.extend_from_slice(regions.backlog);
+                    backlog = buf;
+                    last = regions.last;
+                } else {
+                    // If the block is automatically sized, but not breakable,
+                    // we provide the full base height. It doesn't really make
+                    // sense to provide just the remaining height to an
+                    // unbreakable block.
+                    first = regions.full;
+                    backlog = &mut [];
+                    last = None;
+                }
+
+                // Since we're automatically sized, we inherit the base size.
+                full = regions.full;
+            }
+
+            Smart::Custom(rel) => {
+                // Resolve the sizing to a concrete size.
+                let resolved = rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.y);
+
+                if breakable {
+                    // If the block is fixed-height and breakable, distribute
+                    // the fixed height across a start region and a backlog.
+                    (first, backlog) = distribute(resolved, regions, buf);
+                } else {
+                    // If the block is fixed-height, but not breakable, the
+                    // fixed height is all in the first region, and we have no
+                    // backlog.
+                    first = resolved;
+                    backlog = &mut [];
+                }
+
+                // Since we're manually sized, the resolved size is also the
+                // base height.
+                full = resolved;
+
+                // If the height is manually sized, we don't want a final
+                // repeatable region.
+                last = None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Resolve the horizontal sizing to a concrete width and combine
+        // `width` and `first` into `size`.
+        let mut size = Size::new(
+            match width {
+                Smart::Auto => regions.size.x,
+                Smart::Custom(rel) => rel.resolve(styles).relative_to(base.x),
+            },
+            first,
+        );
+
+        // Take the inset, if any, into account, applying it to the
+        // individual region components.
+        let (mut full, mut last) = (full, last);
+        if !inset.is_zero() {
+            crate::layout::shrink_multiple(
+                &mut size, &mut full, backlog, &mut last, inset,
+            );
+        }
+
+        // If the child is manually sized along an axis (i.e. not `auto`), then
+        // it should expand along that axis. We also ensure that we only expand
+        // if the size is finite because it just doesn't make sense to expand
+        // into infinite regions.
+        let expand = Axes::new(*width != Smart::Auto, *height != Smart::Auto)
+            & size.map(Abs::is_finite);
+
+        Regions {
+            size,
+            full,
+            backlog,
+            last,
+            expand,
+            // This will only ever be set by the flow if the block is
+            // `rootable`. It is important that we propagate this, so that
+            // columns can hold footnotes.
+            root: regions.root,
         }
+    }
+}
 
-        Ok(Fragment::frames(frames))
+/// The contents of a block.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub enum BlockChild {
+    /// The block contains normal content.
+    Content(Content),
+    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to just one
+    /// base region.
+    SingleLayouter(callbacks::BlockSingleCallback),
+    /// The block contains a layout callback that needs access to the exact
+    /// regions.
+    MultiLayouter(callbacks::BlockMultiCallback),
+}
+
+impl Default for BlockChild {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Content(Content::default())
     }
 }
 
-/// Defines how to size a grid cell along an axis.
+cast! {
+    BlockChild,
+    self => match self {
+        Self::Content(content) => content.into_value(),
+        _ => Value::Auto,
+    },
+    v: Content => Self::Content(v),
+}
+
+/// Defines how to size something along an axis.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub enum Sizing {
-    /// A track that fits its cell's contents.
+    /// A track that fits its item's contents.
     Auto,
-    /// A track size specified in absolute terms and relative to the parent's
-    /// size.
-    Rel(Rel<Length>),
-    /// A track size specified as a fraction of the remaining free space in the
+    /// A size specified in absolute terms and relative to the parent's size.
+    Rel(Rel),
+    /// A size specified as a fraction of the remaining free space in the
     /// parent.
     Fr(Fr),
 }
 
 impl Sizing {
+    /// Whether this is an automatic sizing.
+    pub fn is_auto(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, Self::Auto)
+    }
+
     /// Whether this is fractional sizing.
     pub fn is_fractional(self) -> bool {
         matches!(self, Self::Fr(_))
@@ -494,6 +813,15 @@ impl Default for Sizing {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Smart<Rel>> for Sizing {
+    fn from(smart: Smart<Rel>) -> Self {
+        match smart {
+            Smart::Auto => Self::Auto,
+            Smart::Custom(rel) => Self::Rel(rel),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T: Into<Spacing>> From<T> for Sizing {
     fn from(spacing: T) -> Self {
         match spacing.into() {
@@ -514,3 +842,109 @@ cast! {
     v: Rel<Length> => Self::Rel(v),
     v: Fr => Self::Fr(v),
 }
+
+/// Distribute a fixed height spread over existing regions into a new first
+/// height and a new backlog.
+fn distribute<'a>(
+    height: Abs,
+    regions: Regions,
+    buf: &'a mut SmallVec<[Abs; 2]>,
+) -> (Abs, &'a mut [Abs]) {
+    // Build new region heights from old regions.
+    let mut remaining = height;
+    for region in regions.iter() {
+        let limited = region.y.min(remaining);
+        buf.push(limited);
+        remaining -= limited;
+        if remaining.approx_empty() {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If there is still something remaining, apply it to the
+    // last region (it will overflow, but there's nothing else
+    // we can do).
+    if !remaining.approx_empty() {
+        if let Some(last) = buf.last_mut() {
+            *last += remaining;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Distribute the heights to the first region and the
+    // backlog. There is no last region, since the height is
+    // fixed.
+    (buf[0], &mut buf[1..])
+}
+
+/// Manual closure implementations for layout callbacks.
+///
+/// Normal closures are not `Hash`, so we can't use them.
+mod callbacks {
+    use super::*;
+
+    macro_rules! callback {
+        ($name:ident = ($($param:ident: $param_ty:ty),* $(,)?) -> $ret:ty) => {
+            #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Hash)]
+            pub struct $name {
+                captured: Content,
+                f: fn(&Content, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
+            }
+
+            impl $name {
+                pub fn new<T: NativeElement>(
+                    captured: Packed<T>,
+                    f: fn(&Packed<T>, $($param_ty),*) -> $ret,
+                ) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        // Type-erased the content.
+                        captured: captured.pack(),
+                        // Safety: The only difference between the two function
+                        // pointer types is the type of the first parameter,
+                        // which changes from `&Packed<T>` to `&Content`. This
+                        // is safe because:
+                        // - `Packed<T>` is a transparent wrapper around
+                        //   `Content`, so for any `T` it has the same memory
+                        //   representation as `Content`.
+                        // - While `Packed<T>` imposes the additional constraint
+                        //   that the content is of type `T`, this constraint is
+                        //   upheld: It is initially the case because we store a
+                        //   `Packed<T>` above. It keeps being the case over the
+                        //   lifetime of the closure because `capture` is a
+                        //   private field and `Content`'s `Clone` impl is
+                        //   guaranteed to retain the type (if it didn't,
+                        //   literally everything would break).
+                        f: unsafe { std::mem::transmute(f) },
+                    }
+                }
+
+                pub fn call(&self, $($param: $param_ty),*) -> $ret {
+                    (self.f)(&self.captured, $($param),*)
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        InlineCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Size,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>>
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        BlockSingleCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            region: Region,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Frame>
+    }
+
+    callback! {
+        BlockMultiCallback = (
+            engine: &mut Engine,
+            styles: StyleChain,
+            regions: Regions,
+        ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/flow.rs
index 84a395cc..5ae28cde 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/flow.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/flow.rs
@@ -13,9 +13,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::introspection::TagElem;
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BlockElem, ColbreakElem, ColumnsElem, FixedAlignment,
-    FlushElem, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutMultiple, LayoutSingle, PlaceElem,
-    Point, Regions, Rel, Size, Spacing, VElem,
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BlockElem, ColbreakElem, FixedAlignment, FlushElem, Fr,
+    Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, PlaceElem, Point, Regions, Rel, Size, Spacing, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::{FootnoteElem, FootnoteEntry, ParElem};
 use crate::utils::Numeric;
@@ -24,16 +23,16 @@ use crate::utils::Numeric;
 ///
 /// This element is responsible for layouting both the top-level content flow
 /// and the contents of boxes.
-#[elem(Debug, LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(Debug)]
 pub struct FlowElem {
     /// The children that will be arranged into a flow.
     #[variadic]
     pub children: Vec<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<FlowElem> {
+impl Packed<FlowElem> {
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "flow", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
+    pub fn layout(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
@@ -59,12 +58,13 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<FlowElem> {
             alone = child
                 .to_packed::<StyledElem>()
                 .map_or(child, |styled| &styled.child)
-                .can::<dyn LayoutMultiple>();
+                .is::<BlockElem>();
         }
 
+        let outer = styles;
+
         let mut layouter = FlowLayouter::new(regions, styles, alone);
         for mut child in self.children().iter() {
-            let outer = styles;
             let mut styles = styles;
             if let Some(styled) = child.to_packed::<StyledElem>() {
                 child = &styled.child;
@@ -77,6 +77,10 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<FlowElem> {
                 layouter.flush(engine)?;
             } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<VElem>() {
                 layouter.layout_spacing(engine, elem, styles)?;
+            } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<ParElem>() {
+                layouter.layout_par(engine, elem, styles)?;
+            } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<BlockElem>() {
+                layouter.layout_block(engine, elem, styles)?;
             } else if let Some(placed) = child.to_packed::<PlaceElem>() {
                 layouter.layout_placed(engine, placed, styles)?;
             } else if child.is::<ColbreakElem>() {
@@ -84,12 +88,6 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<FlowElem> {
                 {
                     layouter.finish_region(engine, true)?;
                 }
-            } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<ParElem>() {
-                layouter.layout_par(engine, elem, styles)?;
-            } else if let Some(layoutable) = child.with::<dyn LayoutSingle>() {
-                layouter.layout_single(engine, layoutable, styles)?;
-            } else if let Some(layoutable) = child.with::<dyn LayoutMultiple>() {
-                layouter.layout_multiple(engine, child, layoutable, styles)?;
             } else {
                 bail!(child.span(), "unexpected flow child");
             }
@@ -199,6 +197,7 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
     /// Create a new flow layouter.
     fn new(mut regions: Regions<'a>, styles: StyleChain<'a>, alone: bool) -> Self {
         let expand = regions.expand;
+        let root = std::mem::replace(&mut regions.root, false);
 
         // Disable vertical expansion when there are multiple or not directly
         // layoutable children.
@@ -206,9 +205,6 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
             regions.expand.y = false;
         }
 
-        // Disable root.
-        let root = std::mem::replace(&mut regions.root, false);
-
         Self {
             root,
             regions,
@@ -253,27 +249,6 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
         )
     }
 
-    /// Layout a placed element.
-    fn layout_placed(
-        &mut self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        placed: &Packed<PlaceElem>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let float = placed.float(styles);
-        let clearance = placed.clearance(styles);
-        let alignment = placed.alignment(styles);
-        let delta = Axes::new(placed.dx(styles), placed.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
-        let x_align = alignment.map_or(FixedAlignment::Center, |align| {
-            align.x().unwrap_or_default().resolve(styles)
-        });
-        let y_align = alignment.map(|align| align.y().map(|y| y.resolve(styles)));
-        let mut frame = placed.layout(engine, styles, self.regions.base())?.into_frame();
-        frame.post_process(styles);
-        let item = FlowItem::Placed { frame, x_align, y_align, delta, float, clearance };
-        self.layout_item(engine, item)
-    }
-
     /// Layout a paragraph.
     fn layout_par(
         &mut self,
@@ -337,63 +312,33 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Layout into a single region.
-    fn layout_single(
-        &mut self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        layoutable: &dyn LayoutSingle,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
-        let sticky = BlockElem::sticky_in(styles);
-        let pod = Regions::one(self.regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
-        let mut frame = layoutable.layout(engine, styles, pod)?;
-        self.drain_tag(&mut frame);
-        frame.post_process(styles);
-        self.layout_item(
-            engine,
-            FlowItem::Frame { frame, align, sticky, movable: true },
-        )?;
-        self.last_was_par = false;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// Layout into multiple regions.
-    fn layout_multiple(
+    fn layout_block(
         &mut self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
-        child: &Content,
-        layoutable: &dyn LayoutMultiple,
-        styles: StyleChain,
+        block: &'a Packed<BlockElem>,
+        styles: StyleChain<'a>,
     ) -> SourceResult<()> {
-        // Temporarily delegerate rootness to the columns.
+        // Temporarily delegate rootness to the columns.
         let is_root = self.root;
-        if is_root && child.is::<ColumnsElem>() {
+        if is_root && block.rootable(styles) {
             self.root = false;
             self.regions.root = true;
         }
 
-        let mut notes = Vec::new();
-
         if self.regions.is_full() {
             // Skip directly if region is already full.
             self.finish_region(engine, false)?;
         }
 
-        // How to align the block.
-        let align = if let Some(align) = child.to_packed::<AlignElem>() {
-            align.alignment(styles)
-        } else if let Some(styled) = child.to_packed::<StyledElem>() {
-            AlignElem::alignment_in(styles.chain(&styled.styles))
-        } else {
-            AlignElem::alignment_in(styles)
-        }
-        .resolve(styles);
-
         // Layout the block itself.
-        let sticky = BlockElem::sticky_in(styles);
-        let fragment = layoutable.layout(engine, styles, self.regions)?;
+        let sticky = block.sticky(styles);
+        let fragment = block.layout(engine, styles, self.regions)?;
+
+        // How to align the block.
+        let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
 
+        let mut notes = Vec::new();
         for (i, mut frame) in fragment.into_iter().enumerate() {
             // Find footnotes in the frame.
             if self.root {
@@ -421,6 +366,27 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    /// Layout a placed element.
+    fn layout_placed(
+        &mut self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        placed: &Packed<PlaceElem>,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+    ) -> SourceResult<()> {
+        let float = placed.float(styles);
+        let clearance = placed.clearance(styles);
+        let alignment = placed.alignment(styles);
+        let delta = Axes::new(placed.dx(styles), placed.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
+        let x_align = alignment.map_or(FixedAlignment::Center, |align| {
+            align.x().unwrap_or_default().resolve(styles)
+        });
+        let y_align = alignment.map(|align| align.y().map(|y| y.resolve(styles)));
+        let mut frame = placed.layout(engine, styles, self.regions.base())?.into_frame();
+        frame.post_process(styles);
+        let item = FlowItem::Placed { frame, x_align, y_align, delta, float, clearance };
+        self.layout_item(engine, item)
+    }
+
     /// Attach currently pending metadata to the frame.
     fn drain_tag(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
         if !self.pending_tags.is_empty() && !frame.is_empty() {
@@ -444,13 +410,13 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
                     && !self
                         .items
                         .iter()
-                        .any(|item| matches!(item, FlowItem::Frame { .. }))
+                        .any(|item| matches!(item, FlowItem::Frame { .. },))
                 {
                     return Ok(());
                 }
                 self.regions.size.y -= v
             }
-            FlowItem::Fractional(_) => {}
+            FlowItem::Fractional(..) => {}
             FlowItem::Frame { ref frame, movable, .. } => {
                 let height = frame.height();
                 while !self.regions.size.y.fits(height) && !self.regions.in_last() {
@@ -615,7 +581,8 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
                 }
                 FlowItem::Fractional(v) => {
                     let remaining = self.initial.y - used.y;
-                    offset += v.share(fr, remaining);
+                    let length = v.share(fr, remaining);
+                    offset += length;
                 }
                 FlowItem::Frame { frame, align, .. } => {
                     ruler = ruler.max(align.y);
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs
index ce8f17d1..c2666115 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/fragment.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ impl Fragment {
         self.0
     }
 
+    /// Extract a slice with the contained frames.
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[Frame] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+
     /// Iterate over the contained frames.
     pub fn iter(&self) -> std::slice::Iter<Frame> {
         self.0.iter()
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs
index be207dc3..42fc1d72 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/frame.rs
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ pub struct Frame {
     /// The items composing this layout.
     items: Arc<LazyHash<Vec<(Point, FrameItem)>>>,
     /// The hardness of this frame.
+    ///
+    /// Determines whether it is a boundary for gradient drawing.
     kind: FrameKind,
 }
 
@@ -70,6 +72,12 @@ impl Frame {
         self.kind = kind;
     }
 
+    /// Sets the frame's hardness builder-style.
+    pub fn with_kind(mut self, kind: FrameKind) -> Self {
+        self.kind = kind;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Whether the frame is hard or soft.
     pub fn kind(&self) -> FrameKind {
         self.kind
@@ -217,6 +225,11 @@ impl Frame {
 
     /// Inline a frame at the given layer.
     fn inline(&mut self, layer: usize, pos: Point, frame: Frame) {
+        // Skip work if there's nothing to do.
+        if frame.items.is_empty() {
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Try to just reuse the items.
         if pos.is_zero() && self.items.is_empty() {
             self.items = frame.items;
@@ -354,9 +367,9 @@ impl Frame {
     pub fn fill_and_stroke(
         &mut self,
         fill: Option<Paint>,
-        stroke: Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
-        outset: Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
-        radius: Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
+        stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
+        outset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+        radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
         span: Span,
     ) {
         let outset = outset.relative_to(self.size());
@@ -479,7 +492,7 @@ pub enum FrameKind {
     Soft,
     /// A container which uses its own size.
     ///
-    /// This is used for page, block, box, column, grid, and stack elements.
+    /// This is used for pages, blocks, and boxes.
     Hard,
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs
index 2d3cc556..8ec84bc3 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/cells.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Array, CastInfo, Content, Context, Fold, FromValue, Func, IntoValue, Reflect,
     Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
 };
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Alignment, Axes, Fragment, LayoutMultiple, Length, LinePosition, Regions, Rel,
-    Sides, Sizing,
-};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Alignment, Axes, Length, LinePosition, Rel, Sides, Sizing};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::utils::NonZeroExt;
 use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
@@ -204,17 +201,6 @@ impl From<Content> for Cell {
     }
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Cell {
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        self.body.layout(engine, styles, regions)
-    }
-}
-
 /// A grid entry.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub(super) enum Entry {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs
index 2f4adbe4..ec9d1e15 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/layout.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Cell, CellGrid, Dir, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutMultiple,
-    Length, Point, Regions, Rel, Size, Sizing,
+    Abs, Axes, Cell, CellGrid, Dir, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point,
+    Regions, Rel, Size, Sizing,
 };
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
 
                 let size = Size::new(available, height);
                 let pod = Regions::one(size, Axes::splat(false));
-                let frame = cell.measure(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+                let frame = cell.body.measure(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frame();
                 resolved.set_max(frame.width() - already_covered_width);
             }
 
@@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                 pod
             };
 
-            let frames = cell.measure(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frames();
+            let frames = cell.body.measure(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frames();
 
             // Skip the first region if one cell in it is empty. Then,
             // remeasure.
@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                         // rows.
                         pod.full = self.regions.full;
                     }
-                    let frame = cell.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+                    let frame = cell.body.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?.into_frame();
                     let mut pos = pos;
                     if self.is_rtl {
                         // In the grid, cell colspans expand to the right,
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                     pod.size.x = width;
 
                     // Push the layouted frames into the individual output frames.
-                    let fragment = cell.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?;
+                    let fragment = cell.body.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?;
                     for (output, frame) in outputs.iter_mut().zip(fragment) {
                         let mut pos = pos;
                         if self.is_rtl {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs
index 4b6829c0..e1fec58e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/mod.rs
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Fold, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain, Value,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Fold, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
+    StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, Dir, Fragment, LayoutMultiple, Length,
-    OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, Sides, Sizing,
+    Abs, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Dir, Fragment, Length, OuterHAlignment,
+    OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, Sides, Sizing,
 };
 use crate::model::{TableCell, TableFooter, TableHLine, TableHeader, TableVLine};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
 ///
 /// Furthermore, strokes of a repeated grid header or footer will take
 /// precedence over regular cell strokes.
-#[elem(scope, LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(scope, Show)]
 pub struct GridElem {
     /// The column sizes.
     ///
@@ -335,64 +336,67 @@ impl GridElem {
     type GridFooter;
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<GridElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "grid", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let inset = self.inset(styles);
-        let align = self.align(styles);
-        let columns = self.columns(styles);
-        let rows = self.rows(styles);
-        let column_gutter = self.column_gutter(styles);
-        let row_gutter = self.row_gutter(styles);
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = self.stroke(styles);
-
-        let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
-        let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
-        // Use trace to link back to the grid when a specific cell errors
-        let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("grid")));
-        let resolve_item = |item: &GridItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
-        let children = self.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
-            GridChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
-                repeat: header.repeat(styles),
-                span: header.span(),
-                items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-            },
-            GridChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
-                repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
-                span: footer.span(),
-                items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-            },
-            GridChild::Item(item) => {
-                ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles))
-            }
-        });
-        let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
-            tracks,
-            gutter,
-            children,
-            fill,
-            align,
-            &inset,
-            &stroke,
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-        .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, self.span())?;
-
-        let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, self.span());
-
-        // Measure the columns and layout the grid row-by-row.
-        layouter.layout(engine)
+impl Show for Packed<GridElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_grid).pack())
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout the grid.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_grid(
+    elem: &Packed<GridElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
+    let align = elem.align(styles);
+    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
+    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
+    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
+    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
+
+    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
+    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
+    // Use trace to link back to the grid when a specific cell errors
+    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("grid")));
+    let resolve_item = |item: &GridItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
+    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
+        GridChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
+            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
+            span: header.span(),
+            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        GridChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
+            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            span: footer.span(),
+            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        GridChild::Item(item) => ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles)),
+    });
+    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
+        tracks,
+        gutter,
+        children,
+        fill,
+        align,
+        &inset,
+        &stroke,
+        engine,
+        styles,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
+
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    // Measure the columns and layout the grid row-by-row.
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
+
 /// Track sizing definitions.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct TrackSizings(pub SmallVec<[Sizing; 4]>);
@@ -956,7 +960,7 @@ pub fn show_grid_cell(
     }
 
     if let Smart::Custom(alignment) = align {
-        body = body.styled(AlignElem::set_alignment(alignment));
+        body = body.aligned(alignment);
     }
 
     Ok(body)
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs
index 6ee3fe8d..282616ad 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/grid/rowspans.rs
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@ use super::repeated::Repeatable;
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::Resolve;
-use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Cell, Frame, GridLayouter, LayoutMultiple, Point, Regions, Size, Sizing,
-};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Cell, Frame, GridLayouter, Point, Regions, Size, Sizing};
 use crate::utils::MaybeReverseIter;
 
 /// All information needed to layout a single rowspan.
@@ -138,7 +136,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         }
 
         // Push the layouted frames directly into the finished frames.
-        let fragment = cell.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?;
+        let fragment = cell.body.layout(engine, self.styles, pod)?;
         let (current_region, current_rrows) = current_region_data.unzip();
         for ((i, finished), frame) in self
             .finished
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs
index 862077e7..5d4dd011 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/inline/mod.rs
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@ use crate::eval::Tracer;
 use crate::foundations::{Content, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, StyledElem};
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locator, TagElem};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BoxElem, Dir, Em, FixedAlignment, Fr, Fragment, Frame,
-    FrameItem, HElem, Point, Regions, Size, Sizing, Spacing,
+    Abs, AlignElem, BoxElem, Dir, Em, FixedAlignment, Fr, Fragment, Frame, FrameItem,
+    HElem, InlineElem, InlineItem, Point, Size, Sizing, Spacing,
 };
-use crate::math::{EquationElem, MathParItem};
 use crate::model::{Linebreaks, ParElem};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::text::{
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ impl Segment<'_> {
 enum Item<'a> {
     /// A shaped text run with consistent style and direction.
     Text(ShapedText<'a>),
-    /// Absolute spacing between other items.
+    /// Absolute spacing between other items, and whether it is weak.
     Absolute(Abs, bool),
     /// Fractional spacing between other items.
     Fractional(Fr, Option<(&'a Packed<BoxElem>, StyleChain<'a>)>),
@@ -544,17 +543,15 @@ fn collect<'a>(
             } else {
                 collector.push_text(if double { "\"" } else { "'" }, styles);
             }
-        } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<EquationElem>() {
+        } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<InlineElem>() {
             collector.push_item(Item::Skip(LTR_ISOLATE));
 
-            let pod = Regions::one(region, Axes::splat(false));
-            for item in elem.layout_inline(engine, styles, pod)? {
+            for item in elem.layout(engine, styles, region)? {
                 match item {
-                    MathParItem::Space(space) => {
-                        // Spaces generated by math layout are weak.
-                        collector.push_item(Item::Absolute(space, true));
+                    InlineItem::Space(space, weak) => {
+                        collector.push_item(Item::Absolute(space, weak));
                     }
-                    MathParItem::Frame(frame) => {
+                    InlineItem::Frame(frame) => {
                         collector.push_item(Item::Frame(frame, styles));
                     }
                 }
@@ -565,8 +562,7 @@ fn collect<'a>(
             if let Sizing::Fr(v) = elem.width(styles) {
                 collector.push_item(Item::Fractional(v, Some((elem, styles))));
             } else {
-                let pod = Regions::one(region, Axes::splat(false));
-                let frame = elem.layout(engine, styles, pod)?;
+                let frame = elem.layout(engine, styles, region)?;
                 collector.push_item(Item::Frame(frame, styles));
             }
         } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
@@ -1440,8 +1436,7 @@ fn commit(
                 let amount = v.share(fr, remaining);
                 if let Some((elem, styles)) = elem {
                     let region = Size::new(amount, full);
-                    let pod = Regions::one(region, Axes::new(true, false));
-                    let mut frame = elem.layout(engine, *styles, pod)?;
+                    let mut frame = elem.layout(engine, *styles, region)?;
                     frame.post_process(*styles);
                     frame.translate(Point::with_y(TextElem::baseline_in(*styles)));
                     push(&mut offset, frame);
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs
index 7ad2a0c1..b7293640 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/layout.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use comemo::Track;
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    dict, elem, func, Content, Context, Func, NativeElement, Packed, StyleChain,
+    dict, elem, func, Content, Context, Func, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::introspection::Locatable;
-use crate::layout::{Fragment, LayoutMultiple, Regions, Size};
+use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Size};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 
 /// Provides access to the current outer container's (or page's, if none)
@@ -67,30 +67,27 @@ pub fn layout(
 }
 
 /// Executes a `layout` call.
-#[elem(Locatable, LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(Locatable, Show)]
 struct LayoutElem {
     /// The function to call with the outer container's (or page's) size.
     #[required]
     func: Func,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<LayoutElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "layout", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        // Gets the current region's base size, which will be the size of the
-        // outer container, or of the page if there is no such container.
-        let Size { x, y } = regions.base();
-        let loc = self.location().unwrap();
-        let context = Context::new(Some(loc), Some(styles));
-        let result = self
-            .func()
-            .call(engine, context.track(), [dict! { "width" => x, "height" => y }])?
-            .display();
-        result.layout(engine, styles, regions)
+impl Show for Packed<LayoutElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), |elem, engine, styles, regions| {
+            // Gets the current region's base size, which will be the size of the
+            // outer container, or of the page if there is no such container.
+            let Size { x, y } = regions.base();
+            let loc = elem.location().unwrap();
+            let context = Context::new(Some(loc), Some(styles));
+            let result = elem
+                .func()
+                .call(engine, context.track(), [dict! { "width" => x, "height" => y }])?
+                .display();
+            result.layout(engine, styles, regions)
+        })
+        .pack())
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs
index 7e8ebf58..cae9d9e0 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/measure.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
     dict, func, Content, Context, Dict, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain, Styles,
 };
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Size};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Length, Regions, Size};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 
 /// Measures the layouted size of content.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs
index 444d5162..ac1452ca 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ pub use self::page::*;
 pub use self::place::*;
 pub use self::point::*;
 pub use self::ratio::*;
-pub use self::regions::Regions;
+pub use self::regions::*;
 pub use self::rel::*;
 pub use self::repeat::*;
 pub use self::sides::*;
@@ -119,72 +119,15 @@ pub fn define(global: &mut Scope) {
     global.define_func::<layout>();
 }
 
-/// Root-level layout.
-///
-/// This produces a complete document and is implemented for
-/// [`DocumentElem`][crate::model::DocumentElem]. Any [`Content`]
-/// can also be laid out at root level, in which case it is
-/// wrapped inside a document element.
-pub trait LayoutRoot {
-    /// Layout into a document with one frame per page.
-    fn layout_root(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Document>;
-}
-
-/// Layout into multiple [regions][Regions].
-///
-/// This is more appropriate for elements that, for example, can be
-/// laid out across multiple pages or columns.
-pub trait LayoutMultiple {
-    /// Layout into one frame per region.
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment>;
-
-    /// Layout without side effects.
+impl Content {
+    /// Layout the content into a document.
     ///
-    /// This element must be layouted again in the same order for the results to
-    /// be valid.
-    fn measure(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let mut locator = Locator::chained(engine.locator.track());
-        let mut engine = Engine {
-            world: engine.world,
-            route: engine.route.clone(),
-            introspector: engine.introspector,
-            locator: &mut locator,
-            tracer: TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.tracer),
-        };
-        self.layout(&mut engine, styles, regions)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Layout into a single [region][Regions].
-///
-/// This is more appropriate for elements that don't make sense to
-/// layout across multiple pages or columns, such as shapes.
-pub trait LayoutSingle {
-    /// Layout into one frame per region.
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame>;
-}
-
-impl LayoutRoot for Content {
-    fn layout_root(
+    /// This first realizes the content into a
+    /// [`DocumentElem`][crate::model::DocumentElem], which is then laid out. In
+    /// contrast to [`layout`](Self::layout()), this does not take regions since
+    /// the regions are defined by the page configuration in the content and
+    /// style chain.
+    pub fn layout_document(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
@@ -209,7 +152,7 @@ impl LayoutRoot for Content {
             };
             let arenas = Arenas::default();
             let (document, styles) = realize_doc(&mut engine, &arenas, content, styles)?;
-            document.layout_root(&mut engine, styles)
+            document.layout(&mut engine, styles)
         }
 
         cached(
@@ -222,10 +165,25 @@ impl LayoutRoot for Content {
             styles,
         )
     }
-}
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Content {
-    fn layout(
+    /// Layout the content into the given regions.
+    pub fn layout(
+        &self,
+        engine: &mut Engine,
+        styles: StyleChain,
+        regions: Regions,
+    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+        let fragment = self.measure(engine, styles, regions)?;
+        engine.locator.visit_frames(&fragment);
+        Ok(fragment)
+    }
+
+    /// Layout without side effects.
+    ///
+    /// For the results to be valid, the element must either be layouted again
+    /// or the measurement must be confirmed through a call to
+    /// `engine.locator.visit_frames(&fragment)`.
+    pub fn measure(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
@@ -271,7 +229,7 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Content {
             flow.layout(&mut engine, styles, regions)
         }
 
-        let fragment = cached(
+        cached(
             self,
             engine.world,
             engine.introspector,
@@ -280,9 +238,6 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Content {
             TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.tracer),
             styles,
             regions,
-        )?;
-
-        engine.locator.visit_frames(&fragment);
-        Ok(fragment)
+        )
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs
index fdc4d0b6..6e1e6258 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/pad.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain,
+};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Fragment, LayoutMultiple, Length, Point, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
+    Abs, BlockElem, Fragment, Frame, Length, Point, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
 };
 
 /// Adds spacing around content.
@@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::layout::{
 /// _Typing speeds can be
 ///  measured in words per minute._
 /// ```
-#[elem(title = "Padding", LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(title = "Padding", Show)]
 pub struct PadElem {
     /// The padding at the left side.
     #[parse(
@@ -60,49 +62,64 @@ pub struct PadElem {
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<PadElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "pad", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let sides = Sides::new(
-            self.left(styles),
-            self.top(styles),
-            self.right(styles),
-            self.bottom(styles),
-        );
-
-        // Layout child into padded regions.
-        let mut backlog = vec![];
-        let padding = sides.resolve(styles);
-        let pod = regions.map(&mut backlog, |size| shrink(size, padding));
-        let mut fragment = self.body().layout(engine, styles, pod)?;
-
-        for frame in &mut fragment {
-            // Apply the padding inversely such that the grown size padded
-            // yields the frame's size.
-            let padded = grow(frame.size(), padding);
-            let padding = padding.relative_to(padded);
-            let offset = Point::new(padding.left, padding.top);
-
-            // Grow the frame and translate everything in the frame inwards.
-            frame.set_size(padded);
-            frame.translate(offset);
-        }
-
-        Ok(fragment)
+impl Show for Packed<PadElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_pad).pack())
     }
 }
 
-/// Shrink a size by padding relative to the size itself.
-fn shrink(size: Size, padding: Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
-    size - padding.relative_to(size).sum_by_axis()
+/// Layout the padded content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_pad(
+    elem: &Packed<PadElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let padding = Sides::new(
+        elem.left(styles).resolve(styles),
+        elem.top(styles).resolve(styles),
+        elem.right(styles).resolve(styles),
+        elem.bottom(styles).resolve(styles),
+    );
+
+    let mut backlog = vec![];
+    let pod = regions.map(&mut backlog, |size| shrink(size, &padding));
+
+    // Layout child into padded regions.
+    let mut fragment = elem.body().layout(engine, styles, pod)?;
+
+    for frame in &mut fragment {
+        grow(frame, &padding);
+    }
+
+    Ok(fragment)
 }
 
-/// Grow a size by padding relative to the grown size.
+/// Shrink a region size by an inset relative to the size itself.
+pub(crate) fn shrink(size: Size, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
+    size - inset.sum_by_axis().relative_to(size)
+}
+
+/// Shrink the components of possibly multiple `Regions` by an inset relative to
+/// the regions themselves.
+pub(crate) fn shrink_multiple(
+    size: &mut Size,
+    full: &mut Abs,
+    backlog: &mut [Abs],
+    last: &mut Option<Abs>,
+    inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>,
+) {
+    let summed = inset.sum_by_axis();
+    *size -= summed.relative_to(*size);
+    *full -= summed.y.relative_to(*full);
+    for item in backlog {
+        *item -= summed.y.relative_to(*item);
+    }
+    *last = last.map(|v| v - summed.y.relative_to(v));
+}
+
+/// Grow a frame's size by an inset relative to the grown size.
 /// This is the inverse operation to `shrink()`.
 ///
 /// For the horizontal axis the derivation looks as follows.
@@ -110,8 +127,8 @@ fn shrink(size: Size, padding: Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
 ///
 /// Let w be the grown target width,
 ///     s be the given width,
-///     l be the left padding,
-///     r be the right padding,
+///     l be the left inset,
+///     r be the right inset,
 ///     p = l + r.
 ///
 /// We want that: w - l.resolve(w) - r.resolve(w) = s
@@ -121,6 +138,17 @@ fn shrink(size: Size, padding: Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
 ///   <=> w - p.rel * w - p.abs = s
 ///   <=> (1 - p.rel) * w = s + p.abs
 ///   <=> w = (s + p.abs) / (1 - p.rel)
-fn grow(size: Size, padding: Sides<Rel<Abs>>) -> Size {
-    size.zip_map(padding.sum_by_axis(), |s, p| (s + p.abs) / (1.0 - p.rel.get()))
+pub(crate) fn grow(frame: &mut Frame, inset: &Sides<Rel<Abs>>) {
+    // Apply the padding inversely such that the grown size padded
+    // yields the frame's size.
+    let padded = frame
+        .size()
+        .zip_map(inset.sum_by_axis(), |s, p| (s + p.abs) / (1.0 - p.rel.get()));
+
+    let inset = inset.relative_to(padded);
+    let offset = Point::new(inset.left, inset.top);
+
+    // Grow the frame and translate everything in the frame inwards.
+    frame.set_size(padded);
+    frame.translate(offset);
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs
index dae9293b..42c267ed 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/page.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Counter, CounterDisplayElem, CounterKey, ManualPageCounter};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, ColumnsElem, Dir, Frame, HAlignment, LayoutMultiple,
-    Length, OuterVAlignment, Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size, SpecificAlignment,
+    Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, ColumnsElem, Dir, Frame, HAlignment, Length,
+    OuterVAlignment, Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size, SpecificAlignment,
     VAlignment,
 };
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs
index f81af2b8..d8791327 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/place.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use crate::diag::{bail, At, Hint, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{elem, scope, Content, Packed, Smart, StyleChain, Unlabellable};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Alignment, Axes, Em, Fragment, LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Rel, Size, VAlignment,
+    Alignment, Axes, Em, Fragment, Length, Regions, Rel, Size, VAlignment,
 };
 use crate::realize::{Behave, Behaviour};
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs
index d8807f37..6280632d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/regions.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,28 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 
 use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Size};
 
+/// A single region to layout into.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct Region {
+    /// The size of the region.
+    pub size: Size,
+    /// Whether elements should expand to fill the regions instead of shrinking
+    /// to fit the content.
+    pub expand: Axes<bool>,
+}
+
+impl Region {
+    /// Create a new region.
+    pub fn new(size: Size, expand: Axes<bool>) -> Self {
+        Self { size, expand }
+    }
+
+    /// Turns this into a region sequence.
+    pub fn into_regions(self) -> Regions<'static> {
+        Regions::one(self.size, self.expand)
+    }
+}
+
 /// A sequence of regions to layout into.
 ///
 /// A *region* is a contiguous rectangular space in which elements
@@ -80,7 +102,7 @@ impl Regions<'_> {
             backlog,
             last: self.last.map(|y| f(Size::new(x, y)).y),
             expand: self.expand,
-            root: false,
+            root: self.root,
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs
index e3a1cdab..08905466 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/repeat.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain,
+};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Fragment, Frame, LayoutMultiple, Point, Regions, Size,
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, BlockElem, Fragment, Frame, Point, Regions, Size,
 };
 use crate::utils::Numeric;
 
@@ -27,54 +29,59 @@ use crate::utils::Numeric;
 ///   Berlin, the 22nd of December, 2022
 /// ]
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct RepeatElem {
     /// The content to repeat.
     #[required]
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<RepeatElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "repeat", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let pod = Regions::one(regions.size, Axes::new(false, false));
-        let piece = self.body().layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-        let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
+impl Show for Packed<RepeatElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_repeat).pack())
+    }
+}
 
-        let fill = regions.size.x;
-        let width = piece.width();
-        let count = (fill / width).floor();
-        let remaining = fill % width;
-        let apart = remaining / (count - 1.0);
+/// Layout the repeated content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_repeat(
+    elem: &Packed<RepeatElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let pod = Regions::one(regions.size, Axes::new(false, false));
+    let piece = elem.body().layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+    let align = AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles);
 
-        let size = Size::new(regions.size.x, piece.height());
+    let fill = regions.size.x;
+    let width = piece.width();
+    let count = (fill / width).floor();
+    let remaining = fill % width;
+    let apart = remaining / (count - 1.0);
 
-        if !size.is_finite() {
-            bail!(self.span(), "repeat with no size restrictions");
-        }
+    let size = Size::new(regions.size.x, piece.height());
 
-        let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-        if piece.has_baseline() {
-            frame.set_baseline(piece.baseline());
-        }
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "repeat with no size restrictions");
+    }
 
-        let mut offset = Abs::zero();
-        if count == 1.0 {
-            offset += align.x.position(remaining);
-        }
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    if piece.has_baseline() {
+        frame.set_baseline(piece.baseline());
+    }
 
-        if width > Abs::zero() {
-            for _ in 0..(count as usize).min(1000) {
-                frame.push_frame(Point::with_x(offset), piece.clone());
-                offset += piece.width() + apart;
-            }
-        }
+    let mut offset = Abs::zero();
+    if count == 1.0 {
+        offset += align.x.position(remaining);
+    }
 
-        Ok(Fragment::frame(frame))
+    if width > Abs::zero() {
+        for _ in 0..(count as usize).min(1000) {
+            frame.push_frame(Point::with_x(offset), piece.clone());
+            offset += piece.width() + apart;
+        }
     }
+
+    Ok(Fragment::frame(frame))
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs
index c75fab63..ddf58ea9 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/sides.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<T> Sides<Option<T>> {
 
 impl Sides<Rel<Abs>> {
     /// Evaluate the sides relative to the given `size`.
-    pub fn relative_to(self, size: Size) -> Sides<Abs> {
+    pub fn relative_to(&self, size: Size) -> Sides<Abs> {
         Sides {
             left: self.left.relative_to(size.x),
             top: self.top.relative_to(size.y),
@@ -115,6 +115,14 @@ impl Sides<Rel<Abs>> {
             bottom: self.bottom.relative_to(size.y),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Whether all sides are zero.
+    pub fn is_zero(&self) -> bool {
+        self.left.is_zero()
+            && self.top.is_zero()
+            && self.right.is_zero()
+            && self.bottom.is_zero()
+    }
 }
 
 impl<T> Get<Side> for Sides<T> {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs
index 776dfdb2..ddf17e5d 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/spacing.rs
@@ -130,6 +130,11 @@ pub struct VElem {
     #[internal]
     #[parse(args.named("weak")?.map(|v: bool| v as usize))]
     pub weakness: usize,
+
+    /// Whether the element collapses if there is a parbreak in front.
+    #[internal]
+    #[parse(Some(false))]
+    pub attach: bool,
 }
 
 impl VElem {
@@ -145,7 +150,7 @@ impl VElem {
 
     /// Weak spacing with list attach weakness.
     pub fn list_attach(amount: Spacing) -> Self {
-        Self::new(amount).with_weakness(2)
+        Self::new(amount).with_weakness(2).with_attach(true)
     }
 
     /// Weak spacing with BlockElem::ABOVE/BELOW weakness.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs
index 33268bae..8271ff00 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/stack.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@ use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{cast, elem, Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain, StyledElem};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    cast, elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain, StyledElem,
+};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Axis, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fr, Fragment, Frame, HElem,
-    LayoutMultiple, Point, Regions, Size, Spacing, VElem,
+    Abs, AlignElem, Axes, Axis, BlockElem, Dir, FixedAlignment, Fr, Fragment, Frame,
+    HElem, Point, Regions, Size, Spacing, VElem,
 };
 use crate::utils::{Get, Numeric};
 
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::utils::{Get, Numeric};
 ///   rect(width: 90pt),
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct StackElem {
     /// The direction along which the items are stacked. Possible values are:
     ///
@@ -52,54 +54,9 @@ pub struct StackElem {
     pub children: Vec<StackChild>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<StackElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "stack", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let mut layouter =
-            StackLayouter::new(self.span(), self.dir(styles), regions, styles);
-        let axis = layouter.dir.axis();
-
-        // Spacing to insert before the next block.
-        let spacing = self.spacing(styles);
-        let mut deferred = None;
-
-        for child in self.children() {
-            match child {
-                StackChild::Spacing(kind) => {
-                    layouter.layout_spacing(*kind);
-                    deferred = None;
-                }
-                StackChild::Block(block) => {
-                    // Transparently handle `h`.
-                    if let (Axis::X, Some(h)) = (axis, block.to_packed::<HElem>()) {
-                        layouter.layout_spacing(*h.amount());
-                        deferred = None;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    // Transparently handle `v`.
-                    if let (Axis::Y, Some(v)) = (axis, block.to_packed::<VElem>()) {
-                        layouter.layout_spacing(*v.amount());
-                        deferred = None;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-
-                    if let Some(kind) = deferred {
-                        layouter.layout_spacing(kind);
-                    }
-
-                    layouter.layout_block(engine, block, styles)?;
-                    deferred = spacing;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        layouter.finish()
+impl Show for Packed<StackElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_stack).pack())
     }
 }
 
@@ -131,6 +88,55 @@ cast! {
     v: Content => Self::Block(v),
 }
 
+/// Layout the stack.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_stack(
+    elem: &Packed<StackElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let mut layouter = StackLayouter::new(elem.span(), elem.dir(styles), regions, styles);
+    let axis = layouter.dir.axis();
+
+    // Spacing to insert before the next block.
+    let spacing = elem.spacing(styles);
+    let mut deferred = None;
+
+    for child in elem.children() {
+        match child {
+            StackChild::Spacing(kind) => {
+                layouter.layout_spacing(*kind);
+                deferred = None;
+            }
+            StackChild::Block(block) => {
+                // Transparently handle `h`.
+                if let (Axis::X, Some(h)) = (axis, block.to_packed::<HElem>()) {
+                    layouter.layout_spacing(*h.amount());
+                    deferred = None;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Transparently handle `v`.
+                if let (Axis::Y, Some(v)) = (axis, block.to_packed::<VElem>()) {
+                    layouter.layout_spacing(*v.amount());
+                    deferred = None;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if let Some(kind) = deferred {
+                    layouter.layout_spacing(kind);
+                }
+
+                layouter.layout_block(engine, block, styles)?;
+                deferred = spacing;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    layouter.finish()
+}
+
 /// Performs stack layout.
 struct StackLayouter<'a> {
     /// The span to raise errors at during layout.
@@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
             self.finish_region()?;
         }
 
-        // Block-axis alignment of the `AlignElement` is respected by stacks.
+        // Block-axis alignment of the `AlignElem` is respected by stacks.
         let align = if let Some(align) = block.to_packed::<AlignElem>() {
             align.alignment(styles)
         } else if let Some(styled) = block.to_packed::<StyledElem>() {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs b/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs
index 85bbb362..0e9b0ca6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/layout/transform.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Resolve, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, StyleChain,
+};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Alignment, Angle, Axes, FixedAlignment, Frame, HAlignment, LayoutMultiple,
-    LayoutSingle, Length, Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel, Size, VAlignment,
+    Abs, Alignment, Angle, Axes, BlockElem, FixedAlignment, Frame, HAlignment, Length,
+    Point, Ratio, Region, Regions, Rel, Size, VAlignment,
 };
 
 /// Moves content without affecting layout.
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::layout::{
 ///   )
 /// ))
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct MoveElem {
     /// The horizontal displacement of the content.
     pub dx: Rel<Length>,
@@ -37,23 +39,30 @@ pub struct MoveElem {
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<MoveElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "move", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let pod = Regions::one(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
-        let mut frame = self.body().layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-        let delta = Axes::new(self.dx(styles), self.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
-        let delta = delta.zip_map(regions.base(), Rel::relative_to);
-        frame.translate(delta.to_point());
-        Ok(frame)
+impl Show for Packed<MoveElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_move).pack())
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout the moved content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_move(
+    elem: &Packed<MoveElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let mut frame = elem
+        .body()
+        .layout(engine, styles, region.into_regions())?
+        .into_frame();
+    let delta = Axes::new(elem.dx(styles), elem.dy(styles)).resolve(styles);
+    let delta = delta.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
+    frame.translate(delta.to_point());
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
 /// Rotates content without affecting layout.
 ///
 /// Rotates an element by a given angle. The layout will act as if the element
@@ -68,7 +77,7 @@ impl LayoutSingle for Packed<MoveElem> {
 ///     .map(i => rotate(24deg * i)[X]),
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct RotateElem {
     /// The amount of rotation.
     ///
@@ -115,38 +124,43 @@ pub struct RotateElem {
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<RotateElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "rotate", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let angle = self.angle(styles);
-        let align = self.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
-
-        // Compute the new region's approximate size.
-        let size = regions
-            .base()
-            .to_point()
-            .transform_inf(Transform::rotate(angle))
-            .map(Abs::abs)
-            .to_size();
-
-        measure_and_layout(
-            engine,
-            regions.base(),
-            size,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            Transform::rotate(angle),
-            align,
-            self.reflow(styles),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<RotateElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_rotate).pack())
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout the rotated content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_rotate(
+    elem: &Packed<RotateElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let angle = elem.angle(styles);
+    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
+
+    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
+    let size = region
+        .size
+        .to_point()
+        .transform_inf(Transform::rotate(angle))
+        .map(Abs::abs)
+        .to_size();
+
+    measure_and_layout(
+        engine,
+        region,
+        size,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        Transform::rotate(angle),
+        align,
+        elem.reflow(styles),
+    )
+}
+
 /// Scales content without affecting layout.
 ///
 /// Lets you mirror content by specifying a negative scale on a single axis.
@@ -157,7 +171,7 @@ impl LayoutSingle for Packed<RotateElem> {
 /// #scale(x: -100%)[This is mirrored.]
 /// #scale(x: -100%, reflow: true)[This is mirrored.]
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct ScaleElem {
     /// The horizontal scaling factor.
     ///
@@ -203,37 +217,39 @@ pub struct ScaleElem {
     pub body: Content,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<ScaleElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "scale", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let sx = self.x(styles);
-        let sy = self.y(styles);
-        let align = self.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
-
-        // Compute the new region's approximate size.
-        let size = regions
-            .base()
-            .zip_map(Axes::new(sx, sy), |r, s| s.of(r))
-            .map(Abs::abs);
-
-        measure_and_layout(
-            engine,
-            regions.base(),
-            size,
-            styles,
-            self.body(),
-            Transform::scale(sx, sy),
-            align,
-            self.reflow(styles),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<ScaleElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_scale).pack())
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout the scaled content.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_scale(
+    elem: &Packed<ScaleElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let sx = elem.x(styles);
+    let sy = elem.y(styles);
+    let align = elem.origin(styles).resolve(styles);
+
+    // Compute the new region's approximate size.
+    let size = region.size.zip_map(Axes::new(sx, sy), |r, s| s.of(r)).map(Abs::abs);
+
+    measure_and_layout(
+        engine,
+        region,
+        size,
+        styles,
+        elem.body(),
+        Transform::scale(sx, sy),
+        align,
+        elem.reflow(styles),
+    )
+}
+
 /// A scale-skew-translate transformation.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct Transform {
@@ -363,7 +379,7 @@ impl Default for Transform {
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 fn measure_and_layout(
     engine: &mut Engine,
-    base_size: Size,
+    region: Region,
     size: Size,
     styles: StyleChain,
     body: &Content,
@@ -371,41 +387,41 @@ fn measure_and_layout(
     align: Axes<FixedAlignment>,
     reflow: bool,
 ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    if !reflow {
-        // Layout the body.
-        let pod = Regions::one(base_size, Axes::splat(false));
+    if reflow {
+        // Measure the size of the body.
+        let pod = Regions::one(size, Axes::splat(false));
+        let frame = body.measure(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+
+        // Actually perform the layout.
+        let pod = Regions::one(frame.size(), Axes::splat(true));
         let mut frame = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
         let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
 
-        // Apply the transform.
+        // Compute the transform.
         let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
             .pre_concat(transform)
             .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
+
+        // Compute the bounding box and offset and wrap in a new frame.
+        let (offset, size) = compute_bounding_box(&frame, ts);
         frame.transform(ts);
+        frame.translate(offset);
+        frame.set_size(size);
+        Ok(frame)
+    } else {
+        // Layout the body.
+        let mut frame = body.layout(engine, styles, region.into_regions())?.into_frame();
+        let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
 
-        return Ok(frame);
-    }
+        // Compute the transform.
+        let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
+            .pre_concat(transform)
+            .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
 
-    // Measure the size of the body.
-    let pod = Regions::one(size, Axes::splat(false));
-    let frame = body.measure(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-
-    // Actually perform the layout.
-    let pod = Regions::one(frame.size(), Axes::splat(true));
-    let mut frame = body.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
-    let Axes { x, y } = align.zip_map(frame.size(), FixedAlignment::position);
-
-    // Apply the transform.
-    let ts = Transform::translate(x, y)
-        .pre_concat(transform)
-        .pre_concat(Transform::translate(-x, -y));
-
-    // Compute the bounding box and offset and wrap in a new frame.
-    let (offset, size) = compute_bounding_box(&frame, ts);
-    frame.transform(ts);
-    frame.translate(offset);
-    frame.set_size(size);
-    Ok(frame)
+        // Apply the transform.
+        frame.transform(ts);
+        Ok(frame)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Computes the bounding box and offset of a transformed frame.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
index e17d9346..49f2c32b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 //! [evaluate]: eval::eval
 //! [module]: foundations::Module
 //! [content]: foundations::Content
-//! [layouted]: layout::LayoutRoot
+//! [layouted]: foundations::Content::layout_document
 //! [document]: model::Document
 //! [frame]: layout::Frame
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     Array, Bytes, Content, Datetime, Dict, Module, Scope, StyleChain, Styles, Value,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locator};
-use crate::layout::{Alignment, Dir, LayoutRoot};
+use crate::layout::{Alignment, Dir};
 use crate::model::Document;
 use crate::syntax::package::PackageSpec;
 use crate::syntax::{FileId, Source, Span};
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ fn typeset(
         };
 
         // Layout!
-        document = content.layout_root(&mut engine, styles)?;
+        document = content.layout_document(&mut engine, styles)?;
         document.introspector.rebuild(&document.pages);
         iter += 1;
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs
index 6af17bb4..88a0664c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/math/ctx.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{Content, Packed, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, BoxElem, Em, Frame, LayoutMultiple, Regions, Size};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, BoxElem, Em, Frame, Regions, Size};
 use crate::math::{
     scaled_font_size, styled_char, EquationElem, FrameFragment, GlyphFragment,
     LayoutMath, MathFragment, MathRun, MathSize, THICK,
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'v> MathContext<'a, 'b, 'v> {
     pub fn new(
         engine: &'v mut Engine<'b>,
         styles: StyleChain<'a>,
-        regions: Regions,
+        base: Size,
         font: &'a Font,
     ) -> Self {
         let math_table = font.ttf().tables().math.unwrap();
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'v> MathContext<'a, 'b, 'v> {
 
         Self {
             engine,
-            regions: Regions::one(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false)),
+            regions: Regions::one(base, Axes::splat(false)),
             font,
             ttf: font.ttf(),
             table: math_table,
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ impl<'a, 'b, 'v> MathContext<'a, 'b, 'v> {
     ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
         let local =
             TextElem::set_size(TextSize(scaled_font_size(self, styles).into())).wrap();
-        boxed.layout(self.engine, styles.chain(&local), self.regions)
+        boxed.layout(self.engine, styles.chain(&local), self.regions.base())
     }
 
     /// Layout the given [`Content`] into a [`Frame`].
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs
index 43c82c45..d6a43d75 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/math/equation.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,14 @@ use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, ShowSet, Smart, StyleChain, Styles,
-    Synthesize,
+    elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, ShowSet, Smart, StyleChain,
+    Styles, Synthesize,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable};
 use crate::layout::{
     Abs, AlignElem, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Em, FixedAlignment, Fragment, Frame,
-    LayoutMultiple, OuterHAlignment, Point, Regions, Size, SpecificAlignment, VAlignment,
+    InlineElem, InlineItem, OuterHAlignment, Point, Regions, Size, SpecificAlignment,
+    VAlignment,
 };
 use crate::math::{
     scaled_font_size, LayoutMath, MathContext, MathRunFrameBuilder, MathSize, MathVariant,
@@ -48,14 +49,7 @@ use crate::World;
 /// horizontally. For more details about math syntax, see the
 /// [main math page]($category/math).
 #[elem(
-    Locatable,
-    Synthesize,
-    ShowSet,
-    LayoutMultiple,
-    LayoutMath,
-    Count,
-    LocalName,
-    Refable,
+    Locatable, Synthesize, Show, ShowSet, LayoutMath, Count, LocalName, Refable,
     Outlinable
 )]
 pub struct EquationElem {
@@ -169,6 +163,16 @@ impl Synthesize for Packed<EquationElem> {
     }
 }
 
+impl Show for Packed<EquationElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        if self.block(styles) {
+            Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_equation_block).pack())
+        } else {
+            Ok(InlineElem::layouter(self.clone(), layout_equation_inline).pack())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl ShowSet for Packed<EquationElem> {
     fn show_set(&self, styles: StyleChain) -> Styles {
         let mut out = Styles::new();
@@ -187,178 +191,6 @@ impl ShowSet for Packed<EquationElem> {
     }
 }
 
-/// Layouted items suitable for placing in a paragraph.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum MathParItem {
-    Space(Abs),
-    Frame(Frame),
-}
-
-impl Packed<EquationElem> {
-    pub fn layout_inline(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine<'_>,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Vec<MathParItem>> {
-        assert!(!self.block(styles));
-
-        let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, self.span())?;
-
-        let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, styles, regions, &font);
-        let run = ctx.layout_into_run(self, styles)?;
-
-        let mut items = if run.row_count() == 1 {
-            run.into_par_items()
-        } else {
-            vec![MathParItem::Frame(run.into_fragment(&ctx, styles).into_frame())]
-        };
-
-        // An empty equation should have a height, so we still create a frame
-        // (which is then resized in the loop).
-        if items.is_empty() {
-            items.push(MathParItem::Frame(Frame::soft(Size::zero())));
-        }
-
-        for item in &mut items {
-            let MathParItem::Frame(frame) = item else { continue };
-
-            let font_size = scaled_font_size(&ctx, styles);
-            let slack = ParElem::leading_in(styles) * 0.7;
-            let top_edge = TextElem::top_edge_in(styles).resolve(font_size, &font, None);
-            let bottom_edge =
-                -TextElem::bottom_edge_in(styles).resolve(font_size, &font, None);
-
-            let ascent = top_edge.max(frame.ascent() - slack);
-            let descent = bottom_edge.max(frame.descent() - slack);
-            frame.translate(Point::with_y(ascent - frame.baseline()));
-            frame.size_mut().y = ascent + descent;
-        }
-
-        Ok(items)
-    }
-}
-
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<EquationElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "math.equation", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        assert!(self.block(styles));
-
-        let span = self.span();
-        let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, span)?;
-
-        let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, styles, regions, &font);
-        let full_equation_builder = ctx
-            .layout_into_run(self, styles)?
-            .multiline_frame_builder(&ctx, styles);
-        let width = full_equation_builder.size.x;
-
-        let equation_builders = if BlockElem::breakable_in(styles) {
-            let mut rows = full_equation_builder.frames.into_iter().peekable();
-            let mut equation_builders = vec![];
-            let mut last_first_pos = Point::zero();
-
-            for region in regions.iter() {
-                // Keep track of the position of the first row in this region,
-                // so that the offset can be reverted later.
-                let Some(&(_, first_pos)) = rows.peek() else { break };
-                last_first_pos = first_pos;
-
-                let mut frames = vec![];
-                let mut height = Abs::zero();
-                while let Some((sub, pos)) = rows.peek() {
-                    let mut pos = *pos;
-                    pos.y -= first_pos.y;
-
-                    // Finish this region if the line doesn't fit. Only do it if
-                    // we placed at least one line _or_ we still have non-last
-                    // regions. Crucially, we don't want to infinitely create
-                    // new regions which are too small.
-                    if !region.y.fits(sub.height() + pos.y)
-                        && (!frames.is_empty() || !regions.in_last())
-                    {
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    let (sub, _) = rows.next().unwrap();
-                    height = height.max(pos.y + sub.height());
-                    frames.push((sub, pos));
-                }
-
-                equation_builders
-                    .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames, size: Size::new(width, height) });
-            }
-
-            // Append remaining rows to the equation builder of the last region.
-            if let Some(equation_builder) = equation_builders.last_mut() {
-                equation_builder.frames.extend(rows.map(|(frame, mut pos)| {
-                    pos.y -= last_first_pos.y;
-                    (frame, pos)
-                }));
-
-                let height = equation_builder
-                    .frames
-                    .iter()
-                    .map(|(frame, pos)| frame.height() + pos.y)
-                    .max()
-                    .unwrap_or(equation_builder.size.y);
-
-                equation_builder.size.y = height;
-            }
-
-            equation_builders
-        } else {
-            vec![full_equation_builder]
-        };
-
-        let Some(numbering) = (**self).numbering(styles) else {
-            let frames = equation_builders
-                .into_iter()
-                .map(MathRunFrameBuilder::build)
-                .collect();
-            return Ok(Fragment::frames(frames));
-        };
-
-        let pod = Regions::one(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
-        let number = Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
-            .display_at_loc(engine, self.location().unwrap(), styles, numbering)?
-            .spanned(span)
-            .layout(engine, styles, pod)?
-            .into_frame();
-
-        static NUMBER_GUTTER: Em = Em::new(0.5);
-        let full_number_width = number.width() + NUMBER_GUTTER.resolve(styles);
-
-        let number_align = match self.number_align(styles) {
-            SpecificAlignment::H(h) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, VAlignment::Horizon),
-            SpecificAlignment::V(v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, v),
-            SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v),
-        };
-
-        // Add equation numbers to each equation region.
-        let frames = equation_builders
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|builder| {
-                add_equation_number(
-                    builder,
-                    number.clone(),
-                    number_align.resolve(styles),
-                    AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles).x,
-                    regions.size.x,
-                    full_number_width,
-                )
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        Ok(Fragment::frames(frames))
-    }
-}
-
 impl Count for Packed<EquationElem> {
     fn update(&self) -> Option<CounterUpdate> {
         (self.block(StyleChain::default()) && self.numbering().is_some())
@@ -429,6 +261,170 @@ impl LayoutMath for Packed<EquationElem> {
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout an inline equation (in a paragraph).
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_equation_inline(
+    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine<'_>,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Size,
+) -> SourceResult<Vec<InlineItem>> {
+    assert!(!elem.block(styles));
+
+    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, elem.span())?;
+
+    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, styles, region, &font);
+    let run = ctx.layout_into_run(elem, styles)?;
+
+    let mut items = if run.row_count() == 1 {
+        run.into_par_items()
+    } else {
+        vec![InlineItem::Frame(run.into_fragment(&ctx, styles).into_frame())]
+    };
+
+    // An empty equation should have a height, so we still create a frame
+    // (which is then resized in the loop).
+    if items.is_empty() {
+        items.push(InlineItem::Frame(Frame::soft(Size::zero())));
+    }
+
+    for item in &mut items {
+        let InlineItem::Frame(frame) = item else { continue };
+
+        let font_size = scaled_font_size(&ctx, styles);
+        let slack = ParElem::leading_in(styles) * 0.7;
+        let top_edge = TextElem::top_edge_in(styles).resolve(font_size, &font, None);
+        let bottom_edge =
+            -TextElem::bottom_edge_in(styles).resolve(font_size, &font, None);
+
+        let ascent = top_edge.max(frame.ascent() - slack);
+        let descent = bottom_edge.max(frame.descent() - slack);
+        frame.translate(Point::with_y(ascent - frame.baseline()));
+        frame.size_mut().y = ascent + descent;
+    }
+
+    Ok(items)
+}
+
+/// Layout a block-level equation (in a flow).
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_equation_block(
+    elem: &Packed<EquationElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    assert!(elem.block(styles));
+
+    let span = elem.span();
+    let font = find_math_font(engine, styles, span)?;
+
+    let mut ctx = MathContext::new(engine, styles, regions.base(), &font);
+    let full_equation_builder = ctx
+        .layout_into_run(elem, styles)?
+        .multiline_frame_builder(&ctx, styles);
+    let width = full_equation_builder.size.x;
+
+    let equation_builders = if BlockElem::breakable_in(styles) {
+        let mut rows = full_equation_builder.frames.into_iter().peekable();
+        let mut equation_builders = vec![];
+        let mut last_first_pos = Point::zero();
+
+        for region in regions.iter() {
+            // Keep track of the position of the first row in this region,
+            // so that the offset can be reverted later.
+            let Some(&(_, first_pos)) = rows.peek() else { break };
+            last_first_pos = first_pos;
+
+            let mut frames = vec![];
+            let mut height = Abs::zero();
+            while let Some((sub, pos)) = rows.peek() {
+                let mut pos = *pos;
+                pos.y -= first_pos.y;
+
+                // Finish this region if the line doesn't fit. Only do it if
+                // we placed at least one line _or_ we still have non-last
+                // regions. Crucially, we don't want to infinitely create
+                // new regions which are too small.
+                if !region.y.fits(sub.height() + pos.y)
+                    && (!frames.is_empty() || !regions.in_last())
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                let (sub, _) = rows.next().unwrap();
+                height = height.max(pos.y + sub.height());
+                frames.push((sub, pos));
+            }
+
+            equation_builders
+                .push(MathRunFrameBuilder { frames, size: Size::new(width, height) });
+        }
+
+        // Append remaining rows to the equation builder of the last region.
+        if let Some(equation_builder) = equation_builders.last_mut() {
+            equation_builder.frames.extend(rows.map(|(frame, mut pos)| {
+                pos.y -= last_first_pos.y;
+                (frame, pos)
+            }));
+
+            let height = equation_builder
+                .frames
+                .iter()
+                .map(|(frame, pos)| frame.height() + pos.y)
+                .max()
+                .unwrap_or(equation_builder.size.y);
+
+            equation_builder.size.y = height;
+        }
+
+        equation_builders
+    } else {
+        vec![full_equation_builder]
+    };
+
+    let Some(numbering) = (**elem).numbering(styles) else {
+        let frames = equation_builders
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(MathRunFrameBuilder::build)
+            .collect();
+        return Ok(Fragment::frames(frames));
+    };
+
+    let pod = Regions::one(regions.base(), Axes::splat(false));
+    let number = Counter::of(EquationElem::elem())
+        .display_at_loc(engine, elem.location().unwrap(), styles, numbering)?
+        .spanned(span)
+        .layout(engine, styles, pod)?
+        .into_frame();
+
+    static NUMBER_GUTTER: Em = Em::new(0.5);
+    let full_number_width = number.width() + NUMBER_GUTTER.resolve(styles);
+
+    let number_align = match elem.number_align(styles) {
+        SpecificAlignment::H(h) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, VAlignment::Horizon),
+        SpecificAlignment::V(v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(OuterHAlignment::End, v),
+        SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v) => SpecificAlignment::Both(h, v),
+    };
+
+    // Add equation numbers to each equation region.
+    let frames = equation_builders
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|builder| {
+            add_equation_number(
+                builder,
+                number.clone(),
+                number_align.resolve(styles),
+                AlignElem::alignment_in(styles).resolve(styles).x,
+                regions.size.x,
+                full_number_width,
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(Fragment::frames(frames))
+}
+
 fn find_math_font(
     engine: &mut Engine<'_>,
     styles: StyleChain,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs b/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs
index 6454f491..0681752a 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/math/row.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@ use std::iter::once;
 use unicode_math_class::MathClass;
 
 use crate::foundations::{Resolve, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Em, Frame, Point, Size};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, AlignElem, Em, Frame, InlineItem, Point, Size};
 use crate::math::{
     alignments, scaled_font_size, spacing, EquationElem, FrameFragment, MathContext,
-    MathFragment, MathParItem, MathSize,
+    MathFragment, MathSize,
 };
 use crate::model::ParElem;
 
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ impl MathRun {
         frame
     }
 
-    pub fn into_par_items(self) -> Vec<MathParItem> {
+    pub fn into_par_items(self) -> Vec<InlineItem> {
         let mut items = vec![];
 
         let mut x = Abs::zero();
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ impl MathRun {
                 match fragment {
                     MathFragment::Space(width)
                     | MathFragment::Spacing(SpacingFragment { width, .. }) => {
-                        items.push(MathParItem::Space(width));
+                        items.push(InlineItem::Space(width, true));
                         continue;
                     }
                     _ => {}
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ impl MathRun {
                     std::mem::replace(&mut frame, Frame::soft(Size::zero()));
 
                 finalize_frame(&mut frame_prev, x, ascent, descent);
-                items.push(MathParItem::Frame(frame_prev));
+                items.push(InlineItem::Frame(frame_prev));
                 empty = true;
 
                 x = Abs::zero();
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@ impl MathRun {
                 space_is_visible = true;
                 if let Some(f_next) = iter.peek() {
                     if !is_space(f_next) {
-                        items.push(MathParItem::Space(Abs::zero()));
+                        items.push(InlineItem::Space(Abs::zero(), true));
                     }
                 }
             } else {
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ impl MathRun {
         // contribute width (if it had hidden content).
         if !empty {
             finalize_frame(&mut frame, x, ascent, descent);
-            items.push(MathParItem::Frame(frame));
+            items.push(InlineItem::Frame(frame));
         }
 
         items
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs
index 502a102b..c820bc40 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/bibliography.rs
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Locatable, Location};
 use crate::layout::{
-    BlockElem, Em, GridCell, GridChild, GridElem, GridItem, HElem, PadElem, Sizing,
-    TrackSizings, VElem,
+    BlockChild, BlockElem, Em, GridCell, GridChild, GridElem, GridItem, HElem, PadElem,
+    Sizing, TrackSizings, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::{
     CitationForm, CiteGroup, Destination, FootnoteElem, HeadingElem, LinkElem, ParElem,
@@ -926,8 +926,10 @@ impl ElemRenderer<'_> {
 
         match elem.display {
             Some(Display::Block) => {
-                content =
-                    BlockElem::new().with_body(Some(content)).pack().spanned(self.span);
+                content = BlockElem::new()
+                    .with_body(Some(BlockChild::Content(content)))
+                    .pack()
+                    .spanned(self.span);
             }
             Some(Display::Indent) => {
                 content = PadElem::new(content).pack().spanned(self.span);
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs
index 1e614399..e613d07f 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/document.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     StyledElem, Value,
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Introspector, ManualPageCounter};
-use crate::layout::{LayoutRoot, Page, PageElem};
+use crate::layout::{Page, PageElem};
 
 /// The root element of a document and its metadata.
 ///
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::layout::{LayoutRoot, Page, PageElem};
 ///
 /// Note that metadata set with this function is not rendered within the
 /// document. Instead, it is embedded in the compiled PDF file.
-#[elem(Construct, LayoutRoot)]
+#[elem(Construct)]
 pub struct DocumentElem {
     /// The document's title. This is often rendered as the title of the
     /// PDF viewer window.
@@ -69,9 +69,10 @@ impl Construct for DocumentElem {
     }
 }
 
-impl LayoutRoot for Packed<DocumentElem> {
+impl Packed<DocumentElem> {
+    /// Layout this document.
     #[typst_macros::time(name = "document", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout_root(
+    pub fn layout(
         &self,
         engine: &mut Engine,
         styles: StyleChain,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs
index 98402057..0eb0f773 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/enum.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, Packed, Smart, StyleChain,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
+    StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
     Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Em, Fragment, GridLayouter, HAlignment,
-    LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Sizing, Spacing, VAlignment,
+    Length, Regions, Sizing, Spacing, VAlignment, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::{Numbering, NumberingPattern, ParElem};
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 /// Enumeration items can contain multiple paragraphs and other block-level
 /// content. All content that is indented more than an item's marker becomes
 /// part of that item.
-#[elem(scope, title = "Numbered List", LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(scope, title = "Numbered List", Show)]
 pub struct EnumElem {
     /// If this is `{false}`, the items are spaced apart with
     /// [enum spacing]($enum.spacing). If it is `{true}`, they use normal
@@ -212,83 +213,95 @@ impl EnumElem {
     type EnumItem;
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<EnumElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "enum", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let numbering = self.numbering(styles);
-        let indent = self.indent(styles);
-        let body_indent = self.body_indent(styles);
-        let gutter = if self.tight(styles) {
-            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
-        } else {
-            self.spacing(styles)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| *BlockElem::below_in(styles).amount())
-        };
+impl Show for Packed<EnumElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        let mut realized = BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_enum).pack();
 
-        let mut cells = vec![];
-        let mut number = self.start(styles);
-        let mut parents = EnumElem::parents_in(styles);
+        if self.tight(styles) {
+            let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
+            let spacing = VElem::list_attach(leading.into()).pack();
+            realized = spacing + realized;
+        }
 
-        let full = self.full(styles);
+        Ok(realized)
+    }
+}
 
-        // Horizontally align based on the given respective parameter.
-        // Vertically align to the top to avoid inheriting `horizon` or `bottom`
-        // alignment from the context and having the number be displaced in
-        // relation to the item it refers to.
-        let number_align = self.number_align(styles);
+/// Layout the enumeration.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_enum(
+    elem: &Packed<EnumElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let numbering = elem.numbering(styles);
+    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
+    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
+    let gutter = if elem.tight(styles) {
+        ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
+    } else {
+        elem.spacing(styles)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| *BlockElem::below_in(styles).amount())
+    };
 
-        for item in self.children() {
-            number = item.number(styles).unwrap_or(number);
+    let mut cells = vec![];
+    let mut number = elem.start(styles);
+    let mut parents = EnumElem::parents_in(styles);
 
-            let context = Context::new(None, Some(styles));
-            let resolved = if full {
-                parents.push(number);
-                let content =
-                    numbering.apply(engine, context.track(), &parents)?.display();
-                parents.pop();
-                content
-            } else {
-                match numbering {
-                    Numbering::Pattern(pattern) => {
-                        TextElem::packed(pattern.apply_kth(parents.len(), number))
-                    }
-                    other => other.apply(engine, context.track(), &[number])?.display(),
-                }
-            };
+    let full = elem.full(styles);
 
-            // Disable overhang as a workaround to end-aligned dots glitching
-            // and decreasing spacing between numbers and items.
-            let resolved =
-                resolved.aligned(number_align).styled(TextElem::set_overhang(false));
+    // Horizontally align based on the given respective parameter.
+    // Vertically align to the top to avoid inheriting `horizon` or `bottom`
+    // alignment from the context and having the number be displaced in
+    // relation to the item it refers to.
+    let number_align = elem.number_align(styles);
 
-            cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(resolved));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(
-                item.body().clone().styled(EnumElem::set_parents(smallvec![number])),
-            ));
-            number = number.saturating_add(1);
-        }
+    for item in elem.children() {
+        number = item.number(styles).unwrap_or(number);
 
-        let grid = CellGrid::new(
-            Axes::with_x(&[
-                Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
-                Sizing::Auto,
-                Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
-                Sizing::Auto,
-            ]),
-            Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
-            cells,
-        );
-        let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, self.span());
+        let context = Context::new(None, Some(styles));
+        let resolved = if full {
+            parents.push(number);
+            let content = numbering.apply(engine, context.track(), &parents)?.display();
+            parents.pop();
+            content
+        } else {
+            match numbering {
+                Numbering::Pattern(pattern) => {
+                    TextElem::packed(pattern.apply_kth(parents.len(), number))
+                }
+                other => other.apply(engine, context.track(), &[number])?.display(),
+            }
+        };
 
-        layouter.layout(engine)
+        // Disable overhang as a workaround to end-aligned dots glitching
+        // and decreasing spacing between numbers and items.
+        let resolved =
+            resolved.aligned(number_align).styled(TextElem::set_overhang(false));
+
+        cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(resolved));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(
+            item.body().clone().styled(EnumElem::set_parents(smallvec![number])),
+        ));
+        number = number.saturating_add(1);
     }
+
+    let grid = CellGrid::new(
+        Axes::with_x(&[
+            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+        ]),
+        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
+        cells,
+    );
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    layouter.layout(engine)
 }
 
 /// An enumeration item.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs
index a21e5af5..164d1b48 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/figure.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ use crate::introspection::{
     Count, Counter, CounterKey, CounterUpdate, Locatable, Location,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    AlignElem, Alignment, BlockElem, Em, HAlignment, Length, OuterVAlignment, PlaceElem,
-    VAlignment, VElem,
+    AlignElem, Alignment, BlockChild, BlockElem, Em, HAlignment, Length, OuterVAlignment,
+    PlaceElem, VAlignment, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::{Numbering, NumberingPattern, Outlinable, Refable, Supplement};
 use crate::text::{Lang, Region, TextElem};
@@ -317,7 +317,10 @@ impl Show for Packed<FigureElem> {
         }
 
         // Wrap the contents in a block.
-        realized = BlockElem::new().with_body(Some(realized)).pack().spanned(self.span());
+        realized = BlockElem::new()
+            .with_body(Some(BlockChild::Content(realized)))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(self.span());
 
         // Wrap in a float.
         if let Some(align) = self.placement(styles) {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs
index c9389b38..478b4315 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/heading.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::introspection::{Count, Counter, CounterUpdate, Locatable};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Em, HElem, LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, VElem,
+    Abs, Axes, BlockChild, BlockElem, Em, HElem, Length, Regions, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::{Numbering, Outlinable, ParElem, Refable, Supplement};
 use crate::text::{FontWeight, LocalName, SpaceElem, TextElem, TextSize};
@@ -248,7 +248,10 @@ impl Show for Packed<HeadingElem> {
             realized = realized.styled(ParElem::set_hanging_indent(indent.into()));
         }
 
-        Ok(BlockElem::new().with_body(Some(realized)).pack().spanned(span))
+        Ok(BlockElem::new()
+            .with_body(Some(BlockChild::Content(realized)))
+            .pack()
+            .spanned(span))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs
index 665575e8..34a4a0b2 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/list.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ use comemo::Track;
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, Depth, Func, Packed, Smart, StyleChain,
-    Value,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, Context, Depth, Func, NativeElement, Packed, Show,
+    Smart, StyleChain, Value,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Em, Fragment, GridLayouter, HAlignment,
-    LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Sizing, Spacing, VAlignment,
+    Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Em, Fragment, GridLayouter, HAlignment, Length,
+    Regions, Sizing, Spacing, VAlignment, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::ParElem;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ use crate::text::TextElem;
 /// followed by a space to create a list item. A list item can contain multiple
 /// paragraphs and other block-level content. All content that is indented
 /// more than an item's marker becomes part of that item.
-#[elem(scope, title = "Bullet List", LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(scope, title = "Bullet List", Show)]
 pub struct ListElem {
     /// If this is `{false}`, the items are spaced apart with
     /// [list spacing]($list.spacing). If it is `{true}`, they use normal
@@ -137,54 +137,65 @@ impl ListElem {
     type ListItem;
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<ListElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "list", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let indent = self.indent(styles);
-        let body_indent = self.body_indent(styles);
-        let gutter = if self.tight(styles) {
-            ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
-        } else {
-            self.spacing(styles)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| *BlockElem::below_in(styles).amount())
-        };
-
-        let Depth(depth) = ListElem::depth_in(styles);
-        let marker = self
-            .marker(styles)
-            .resolve(engine, styles, depth)?
-            // avoid '#set align' interference with the list
-            .aligned(HAlignment::Start + VAlignment::Top);
-
-        let mut cells = vec![];
-        for item in self.children() {
-            cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(marker.clone()));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
-            cells.push(Cell::from(
-                item.body().clone().styled(ListElem::set_depth(Depth(1))),
-            ));
+impl Show for Packed<ListElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        let mut realized = BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_list).pack();
+
+        if self.tight(styles) {
+            let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
+            let spacing = VElem::list_attach(leading.into()).pack();
+            realized = spacing + realized;
         }
 
-        let grid = CellGrid::new(
-            Axes::with_x(&[
-                Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
-                Sizing::Auto,
-                Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
-                Sizing::Auto,
-            ]),
-            Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
-            cells,
-        );
-        let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, self.span());
-
-        layouter.layout(engine)
+        Ok(realized)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Layout the list.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_list(
+    elem: &Packed<ListElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let indent = elem.indent(styles);
+    let body_indent = elem.body_indent(styles);
+    let gutter = if elem.tight(styles) {
+        ParElem::leading_in(styles).into()
+    } else {
+        elem.spacing(styles)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| *BlockElem::below_in(styles).amount())
+    };
+
+    let Depth(depth) = ListElem::depth_in(styles);
+    let marker = elem
+        .marker(styles)
+        .resolve(engine, styles, depth)?
+        // avoid '#set align' interference with the list
+        .aligned(HAlignment::Start + VAlignment::Top);
+
+    let mut cells = vec![];
+    for item in elem.children() {
+        cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(marker.clone()));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(Content::empty()));
+        cells.push(Cell::from(item.body().clone().styled(ListElem::set_depth(Depth(1)))));
     }
+
+    let grid = CellGrid::new(
+        Axes::with_x(&[
+            Sizing::Rel(indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+            Sizing::Rel(body_indent.into()),
+            Sizing::Auto,
+        ]),
+        Axes::with_y(&[gutter.into()]),
+        cells,
+    );
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+
+    layouter.layout(engine)
 }
 
 /// A bullet list item.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs
index f4a66871..6f7f0718 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/quote.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, Content, Depth, Label, NativeElement, Packed, Show, ShowSet, Smart,
     StyleChain, Styles,
 };
-use crate::layout::{Alignment, BlockElem, Em, HElem, PadElem, Spacing, VElem};
+use crate::layout::{
+    Alignment, BlockChild, BlockElem, Em, HElem, PadElem, Spacing, VElem,
+};
 use crate::model::{CitationForm, CiteElem};
 use crate::text::{SmartQuoteElem, SmartQuotes, SpaceElem, TextElem};
 
@@ -181,8 +183,10 @@ impl Show for Packed<QuoteElem> {
         }
 
         if block {
-            realized =
-                BlockElem::new().with_body(Some(realized)).pack().spanned(self.span());
+            realized = BlockElem::new()
+                .with_body(Some(BlockChild::Content(realized)))
+                .pack()
+                .spanned(self.span());
 
             if let Some(attribution) = self.attribution(styles).as_ref() {
                 let mut seq = vec![TextElem::packed('—'), SpaceElem::new().pack()];
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs
index 4b93517d..04a785b6 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/table.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult, StrResult, Trace, Tracepoint};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Content, Fold, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
+    cast, elem, scope, Content, Fold, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    show_grid_cell, Abs, Alignment, Axes, Cell, CellGrid, Celled, Dir, Fragment,
-    GridCell, GridFooter, GridHLine, GridHeader, GridLayouter, GridVLine, LayoutMultiple,
+    show_grid_cell, Abs, Alignment, Axes, BlockElem, Cell, CellGrid, Celled, Dir,
+    Fragment, GridCell, GridFooter, GridHLine, GridHeader, GridLayouter, GridVLine,
     Length, LinePosition, OuterHAlignment, OuterVAlignment, Regions, Rel, ResolvableCell,
     ResolvableGridChild, ResolvableGridItem, Sides, TrackSizings,
 };
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ use crate::visualize::{Paint, Stroke};
 ///   [Robert], b, a, b,
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(scope, LayoutMultiple, LocalName, Figurable)]
+#[elem(scope, Show, LocalName, Figurable)]
 pub struct TableElem {
     /// The column sizes. See the [grid documentation]($grid) for more
     /// information on track sizing.
@@ -260,62 +260,65 @@ impl TableElem {
     type TableFooter;
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<TableElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "table", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
-        let inset = self.inset(styles);
-        let align = self.align(styles);
-        let columns = self.columns(styles);
-        let rows = self.rows(styles);
-        let column_gutter = self.column_gutter(styles);
-        let row_gutter = self.row_gutter(styles);
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = self.stroke(styles);
-
-        let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
-        let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
-        // Use trace to link back to the table when a specific cell errors
-        let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("table")));
-        let resolve_item = |item: &TableItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
-        let children = self.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
-            TableChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
-                repeat: header.repeat(styles),
-                span: header.span(),
-                items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-            },
-            TableChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
-                repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
-                span: footer.span(),
-                items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
-            },
-            TableChild::Item(item) => {
-                ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles))
-            }
-        });
-        let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
-            tracks,
-            gutter,
-            children,
-            fill,
-            align,
-            &inset,
-            &stroke,
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            self.span(),
-        )
-        .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, self.span())?;
-
-        let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, self.span());
-        layouter.layout(engine)
+impl Show for Packed<TableElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::multi_layouter(self.clone(), layout_table).pack())
     }
 }
 
+/// Layout the table.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_table(
+    elem: &Packed<TableElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    regions: Regions,
+) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+    let inset = elem.inset(styles);
+    let align = elem.align(styles);
+    let columns = elem.columns(styles);
+    let rows = elem.rows(styles);
+    let column_gutter = elem.column_gutter(styles);
+    let row_gutter = elem.row_gutter(styles);
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles);
+
+    let tracks = Axes::new(columns.0.as_slice(), rows.0.as_slice());
+    let gutter = Axes::new(column_gutter.0.as_slice(), row_gutter.0.as_slice());
+    // Use trace to link back to the table when a specific cell errors
+    let tracepoint = || Tracepoint::Call(Some(eco_format!("table")));
+    let resolve_item = |item: &TableItem| item.to_resolvable(styles);
+    let children = elem.children().iter().map(|child| match child {
+        TableChild::Header(header) => ResolvableGridChild::Header {
+            repeat: header.repeat(styles),
+            span: header.span(),
+            items: header.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        TableChild::Footer(footer) => ResolvableGridChild::Footer {
+            repeat: footer.repeat(styles),
+            span: footer.span(),
+            items: footer.children().iter().map(resolve_item),
+        },
+        TableChild::Item(item) => ResolvableGridChild::Item(item.to_resolvable(styles)),
+    });
+    let grid = CellGrid::resolve(
+        tracks,
+        gutter,
+        children,
+        fill,
+        align,
+        &inset,
+        &stroke,
+        engine,
+        styles,
+        elem.span(),
+    )
+    .trace(engine.world, tracepoint, elem.span())?;
+
+    let layouter = GridLayouter::new(&grid, regions, styles, elem.span());
+    layouter.layout(engine)
+}
+
 impl LocalName for Packed<TableElem> {
     const KEY: &'static str = "table";
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs b/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs
index 84ae7730..da81c2ec 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/model/terms.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Smart, StyleChain,
+    cast, elem, scope, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    BlockElem, Dir, Em, Fragment, HElem, LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Sides, Spacing,
-    StackChild, StackElem,
+    BlockElem, Dir, Em, HElem, Length, Sides, Spacing, StackChild, StackElem, VElem,
 };
 use crate::model::ParElem;
 use crate::text::TextElem;
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ use crate::utils::Numeric;
 /// # Syntax
 /// This function also has dedicated syntax: Starting a line with a slash,
 /// followed by a term, a colon and a description creates a term list item.
-#[elem(scope, title = "Term List", LayoutMultiple)]
+#[elem(scope, title = "Term List", Show)]
 pub struct TermsElem {
     /// If this is `{false}`, the items are spaced apart with
     /// [term list spacing]($terms.spacing). If it is `{true}`, they use normal
@@ -109,14 +108,8 @@ impl TermsElem {
     type TermItem;
 }
 
-impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<TermsElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "terms", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Fragment> {
+impl Show for Packed<TermsElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
         let separator = self.separator(styles);
         let indent = self.indent(styles);
         let hanging_indent = self.hanging_indent(styles);
@@ -148,11 +141,18 @@ impl LayoutMultiple for Packed<TermsElem> {
             padding.right = pad.into();
         }
 
-        StackElem::new(children)
+        let mut realized = StackElem::new(children)
             .with_spacing(Some(gutter))
             .pack()
-            .padded(padding)
-            .layout(engine, styles, regions)
+            .padded(padding);
+
+        if self.tight(styles) {
+            let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
+            let spacing = VElem::list_attach(leading.into()).pack();
+            realized = spacing + realized;
+        }
+
+        Ok(realized)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/realize/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/realize/mod.rs
index 600df1bb..d6b0032c 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/realize/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/realize/mod.rs
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ use crate::foundations::{
 };
 use crate::introspection::TagElem;
 use crate::layout::{
-    AlignElem, BlockElem, BoxElem, ColbreakElem, FlowElem, FlushElem, HElem,
-    LayoutMultiple, LayoutSingle, PageElem, PagebreakElem, Parity, PlaceElem, VElem,
+    AlignElem, BlockElem, BoxElem, ColbreakElem, FlowElem, FlushElem, HElem, InlineElem,
+    PageElem, PagebreakElem, Parity, PlaceElem, VElem,
 };
 use crate::math::{EquationElem, LayoutMath};
 use crate::model::{
@@ -377,8 +377,14 @@ impl<'a> FlowBuilder<'a> {
         let last_was_parbreak = self.1;
         self.1 = false;
 
-        if content.is::<VElem>()
-            || content.is::<ColbreakElem>()
+        if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<VElem>() {
+            if !elem.attach(styles) || !last_was_parbreak {
+                self.0.push(content, styles);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if content.is::<ColbreakElem>()
             || content.is::<TagElem>()
             || content.is::<PlaceElem>()
             || content.is::<FlushElem>()
@@ -387,35 +393,17 @@ impl<'a> FlowBuilder<'a> {
             return true;
         }
 
-        if content.can::<dyn LayoutSingle>()
-            || content.can::<dyn LayoutMultiple>()
-            || content.is::<ParElem>()
-        {
-            let is_tight_list = if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<ListElem>() {
-                elem.tight(styles)
-            } else if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<EnumElem>() {
-                elem.tight(styles)
-            } else if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<TermsElem>() {
-                elem.tight(styles)
-            } else {
-                false
-            };
-
-            if !last_was_parbreak && is_tight_list {
-                let leading = ParElem::leading_in(styles);
-                let spacing = VElem::list_attach(leading.into());
-                self.0.push(arenas.store(spacing.pack()), styles);
-            }
-
-            let (above, below) = if let Some(block) = content.to_packed::<BlockElem>() {
-                (block.above(styles), block.below(styles))
-            } else {
-                (BlockElem::above_in(styles), BlockElem::below_in(styles))
-            };
+        if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<BlockElem>() {
+            self.0.push(arenas.store(elem.above(styles).pack()), styles);
+            self.0.push(content, styles);
+            self.0.push(arenas.store(elem.below(styles).pack()), styles);
+            return true;
+        }
 
-            self.0.push(arenas.store(above.pack()), styles);
+        if content.is::<ParElem>() {
+            self.0.push(arenas.store(BlockElem::above_in(styles).pack()), styles);
             self.0.push(content, styles);
-            self.0.push(arenas.store(below.pack()), styles);
+            self.0.push(arenas.store(BlockElem::below_in(styles).pack()), styles);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -452,9 +440,7 @@ impl<'a> ParBuilder<'a> {
             || content.is::<HElem>()
             || content.is::<LinebreakElem>()
             || content.is::<SmartQuoteElem>()
-            || content
-                .to_packed::<EquationElem>()
-                .is_some_and(|elem| !elem.block(styles))
+            || content.is::<InlineElem>()
             || content.is::<BoxElem>()
         {
             self.0.push(content, styles);
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs b/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs
index 45b7cf7b..ce819993 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/text/deco.rs
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ pub(crate) fn decorate(
     {
         let (top, bottom) = determine_edges(text, *top_edge, *bottom_edge);
         let size = Size::new(width + 2.0 * deco.extent, top - bottom);
-        let rects = styled_rect(size, *radius, fill.clone(), stroke.clone());
+        let rects = styled_rect(size, radius, fill.clone(), stroke);
         let origin = Point::new(pos.x - deco.extent, pos.y - top - shift);
         frame.prepend_multiple(
             rects
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs b/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs
index f20dfce4..6f900927 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/text/raw.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::foundations::{
     cast, elem, scope, Args, Array, Bytes, Content, Fold, NativeElement, Packed,
     PlainText, Show, ShowSet, Smart, StyleChain, Styles, Synthesize, Value,
 };
-use crate::layout::{BlockElem, Em, HAlignment};
+use crate::layout::{BlockChild, BlockElem, Em, HAlignment};
 use crate::model::{Figurable, ParElem};
 use crate::syntax::{split_newlines, LinkedNode, Span, Spanned};
 use crate::text::{
@@ -444,8 +444,10 @@ impl Show for Packed<RawElem> {
         if self.block(styles) {
             // Align the text before inserting it into the block.
             realized = realized.aligned(self.align(styles).into());
-            realized =
-                BlockElem::new().with_body(Some(realized)).pack().spanned(self.span());
+            realized = BlockElem::new()
+                .with_body(Some(BlockChild::Content(realized)))
+                .pack()
+                .spanned(self.span());
         }
 
         Ok(realized)
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
index a5151e6e..91922d1b 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/image/mod.rs
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@ use ecow::EcoString;
 use crate::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    cast, elem, func, scope, Bytes, Cast, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Smart,
+    cast, elem, func, scope, Bytes, Cast, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart,
     StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutSingle, Length, Point, Regions,
-    Rel, Size,
+    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, FixedAlignment, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel,
+    Size,
 };
 use crate::loading::Readable;
 use crate::model::Figurable;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ use crate::World;
 /// ```
 ///
 /// [gh-svg]: https://github.com/typst/typst/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3Asvg
-#[elem(scope, LayoutSingle, LocalName, Figurable)]
+#[elem(scope, Show, LocalName, Figurable)]
 pub struct ImageElem {
     /// Path to an image file.
     #[required]
@@ -154,112 +154,12 @@ impl ImageElem {
     }
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<ImageElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "image", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        // Take the format that was explicitly defined, or parse the extension,
-        // or try to detect the format.
-        let data = self.data();
-        let format = match self.format(styles) {
-            Smart::Custom(v) => v,
-            Smart::Auto => {
-                let ext = std::path::Path::new(self.path().as_str())
-                    .extension()
-                    .and_then(OsStr::to_str)
-                    .unwrap_or_default()
-                    .to_lowercase();
-
-                match ext.as_str() {
-                    "png" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Png),
-                    "jpg" | "jpeg" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Jpg),
-                    "gif" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Gif),
-                    "svg" | "svgz" => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
-                    _ => match &data {
-                        Readable::Str(_) => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
-                        Readable::Bytes(bytes) => match RasterFormat::detect(bytes) {
-                            Some(f) => ImageFormat::Raster(f),
-                            None => bail!(self.span(), "unknown image format"),
-                        },
-                    },
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        let image = Image::with_fonts(
-            data.clone().into(),
-            format,
-            self.alt(styles),
-            engine.world,
-            &families(styles).map(|s| s.into()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-        )
-        .at(self.span())?;
-
-        let sizing = Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles));
-        let region = sizing
-            .zip_map(regions.base(), |s, r| s.map(|v| v.resolve(styles).relative_to(r)))
-            .unwrap_or(regions.base());
-
-        let expand = sizing.as_ref().map(Smart::is_custom) | regions.expand;
-        let region_ratio = region.x / region.y;
-
-        // Find out whether the image is wider or taller than the target size.
-        let pxw = image.width();
-        let pxh = image.height();
-        let px_ratio = pxw / pxh;
-        let wide = px_ratio > region_ratio;
-
-        // The space into which the image will be placed according to its fit.
-        let target = if expand.x && expand.y {
-            // If both width and height are forced, take them.
-            region
-        } else if expand.x {
-            // If just width is forced, take it.
-            Size::new(region.x, region.y.min(region.x / px_ratio))
-        } else if expand.y {
-            // If just height is forced, take it.
-            Size::new(region.x.min(region.y * px_ratio), region.y)
-        } else {
-            // If neither is forced, take the natural image size at the image's
-            // DPI bounded by the available space.
-            let dpi = image.dpi().unwrap_or(Image::DEFAULT_DPI);
-            let natural = Axes::new(pxw, pxh).map(|v| Abs::inches(v / dpi));
-            Size::new(
-                natural.x.min(region.x).min(region.y * px_ratio),
-                natural.y.min(region.y).min(region.x / px_ratio),
-            )
-        };
-
-        // Compute the actual size of the fitted image.
-        let fit = self.fit(styles);
-        let fitted = match fit {
-            ImageFit::Cover | ImageFit::Contain => {
-                if wide == (fit == ImageFit::Contain) {
-                    Size::new(target.x, target.x / px_ratio)
-                } else {
-                    Size::new(target.y * px_ratio, target.y)
-                }
-            }
-            ImageFit::Stretch => target,
-        };
-
-        // First, place the image in a frame of exactly its size and then resize
-        // the frame to the target size, center aligning the image in the
-        // process.
-        let mut frame = Frame::soft(fitted);
-        frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Image(image, fitted, self.span()));
-        frame.resize(target, Axes::splat(FixedAlignment::Center));
-
-        // Create a clipping group if only part of the image should be visible.
-        if fit == ImageFit::Cover && !target.fits(fitted) {
-            frame.clip(Path::rect(frame.size()));
-        }
-
-        Ok(frame)
+impl Show for Packed<ImageElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_image)
+            .with_width(self.width(styles))
+            .with_height(self.height(styles))
+            .pack())
     }
 }
 
@@ -269,6 +169,117 @@ impl LocalName for Packed<ImageElem> {
 
 impl Figurable for Packed<ImageElem> {}
 
+/// Layout the image.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_image(
+    elem: &Packed<ImageElem>,
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let span = elem.span();
+
+    // Take the format that was explicitly defined, or parse the extension,
+    // or try to detect the format.
+    let data = elem.data();
+    let format = match elem.format(styles) {
+        Smart::Custom(v) => v,
+        Smart::Auto => determine_format(elem.path().as_str(), data).at(span)?,
+    };
+
+    // Construct the image itself.
+    let image = Image::with_fonts(
+        data.clone().into(),
+        format,
+        elem.alt(styles),
+        engine.world,
+        &families(styles).map(|s| s.into()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+    )
+    .at(span)?;
+
+    // Determine the image's pixel aspect ratio.
+    let pxw = image.width();
+    let pxh = image.height();
+    let px_ratio = pxw / pxh;
+
+    // Determine the region's aspect ratio.
+    let region_ratio = region.size.x / region.size.y;
+
+    // Find out whether the image is wider or taller than the region.
+    let wide = px_ratio > region_ratio;
+
+    // The space into which the image will be placed according to its fit.
+    let target = if region.expand.x && region.expand.y {
+        // If both width and height are forced, take them.
+        region.size
+    } else if region.expand.x {
+        // If just width is forced, take it.
+        Size::new(region.size.x, region.size.y.min(region.size.x / px_ratio))
+    } else if region.expand.y {
+        // If just height is forced, take it.
+        Size::new(region.size.x.min(region.size.y * px_ratio), region.size.y)
+    } else {
+        // If neither is forced, take the natural image size at the image's
+        // DPI bounded by the available space.
+        let dpi = image.dpi().unwrap_or(Image::DEFAULT_DPI);
+        let natural = Axes::new(pxw, pxh).map(|v| Abs::inches(v / dpi));
+        Size::new(
+            natural.x.min(region.size.x).min(region.size.y * px_ratio),
+            natural.y.min(region.size.y).min(region.size.x / px_ratio),
+        )
+    };
+
+    // Compute the actual size of the fitted image.
+    let fit = elem.fit(styles);
+    let fitted = match fit {
+        ImageFit::Cover | ImageFit::Contain => {
+            if wide == (fit == ImageFit::Contain) {
+                Size::new(target.x, target.x / px_ratio)
+            } else {
+                Size::new(target.y * px_ratio, target.y)
+            }
+        }
+        ImageFit::Stretch => target,
+    };
+
+    // First, place the image in a frame of exactly its size and then resize
+    // the frame to the target size, center aligning the image in the
+    // process.
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(fitted);
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Image(image, fitted, span));
+    frame.resize(target, Axes::splat(FixedAlignment::Center));
+
+    // Create a clipping group if only part of the image should be visible.
+    if fit == ImageFit::Cover && !target.fits(fitted) {
+        frame.clip(Path::rect(frame.size()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(frame)
+}
+
+/// Determine the image format based on path and data.
+fn determine_format(path: &str, data: &Readable) -> StrResult<ImageFormat> {
+    let ext = std::path::Path::new(path)
+        .extension()
+        .and_then(OsStr::to_str)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .to_lowercase();
+
+    Ok(match ext.as_str() {
+        "png" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Png),
+        "jpg" | "jpeg" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Jpg),
+        "gif" => ImageFormat::Raster(RasterFormat::Gif),
+        "svg" | "svgz" => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
+        _ => match &data {
+            Readable::Str(_) => ImageFormat::Vector(VectorFormat::Svg),
+            Readable::Bytes(bytes) => match RasterFormat::detect(bytes) {
+                Some(f) => ImageFormat::Raster(f),
+                None => bail!("unknown image format"),
+            },
+        },
+    })
+}
+
 /// How an image should adjust itself to a given area,
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash, Cast)]
 pub enum ImageFit {
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs
index d84ea62f..0d5cb4b7 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/line.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Packed, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Angle, Axes, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutSingle, Length, Regions, Rel, Size,
+    Abs, Angle, Axes, BlockElem, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Region, Rel, Size,
 };
 use crate::utils::Numeric;
 use crate::visualize::{Geometry, Stroke};
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use crate::visualize::{Geometry, Stroke};
 ///   stroke: 2pt + maroon,
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct LineElem {
     /// The start point of the line.
     ///
@@ -58,37 +58,39 @@ pub struct LineElem {
     pub stroke: Stroke,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<LineElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "line", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let resolve =
-            |axes: Axes<Rel<Abs>>| axes.zip_map(regions.base(), Rel::relative_to);
-        let start = resolve(self.start(styles));
-        let delta =
-            self.end(styles).map(|end| resolve(end) - start).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                let length = self.length(styles);
-                let angle = self.angle(styles);
-                let x = angle.cos() * length;
-                let y = angle.sin() * length;
-                resolve(Axes::new(x, y))
-            });
+impl Show for Packed<LineElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_line).pack())
+    }
+}
 
-        let stroke = self.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default();
-        let size = start.max(start + delta).max(Size::zero());
-        let target = regions.expand.select(regions.size, size);
+/// Layout the line.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_line(
+    elem: &Packed<LineElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Abs>>| axes.zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to);
+    let start = resolve(elem.start(styles));
+    let delta = elem.end(styles).map(|end| resolve(end) - start).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+        let length = elem.length(styles);
+        let angle = elem.angle(styles);
+        let x = angle.cos() * length;
+        let y = angle.sin() * length;
+        resolve(Axes::new(x, y))
+    });
 
-        if !target.is_finite() {
-            bail!(self.span(), "cannot create line with infinite length");
-        }
+    let stroke = elem.stroke(styles).unwrap_or_default();
+    let size = start.max(start + delta).max(Size::zero());
 
-        let mut frame = Frame::soft(target);
-        let shape = Geometry::Line(delta.to_point()).stroked(stroke);
-        frame.push(start.to_point(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, self.span()));
-        Ok(frame)
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create line with infinite length");
     }
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    let shape = Geometry::Line(delta.to_point()).stroked(stroke);
+    frame.push(start.to_point(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs
index 170a1386..0005618e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/path.rs
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ use kurbo::{CubicBez, ParamCurveExtrema};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    array, cast, elem, Array, Packed, Reflect, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain,
+    array, cast, elem, Array, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Reflect, Resolve, Show,
+    Smart, StyleChain,
 };
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutSingle, Length, Point, Regions, Rel, Size,
+    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel, Size,
 };
 use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Shape, Stroke};
 
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ use PathVertex::{AllControlPoints, MirroredControlPoint, Vertex};
 ///   ((50%, 0pt), (40pt, 0pt)),
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct PathElem {
     /// How to fill the path.
     ///
@@ -69,86 +70,89 @@ pub struct PathElem {
     pub vertices: Vec<PathVertex>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<PathElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "path", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Length>>| {
-            axes.resolve(styles)
-                .zip_map(regions.base(), Rel::relative_to)
-                .to_point()
-        };
-
-        let vertices = self.vertices();
-        let points: Vec<Point> = vertices.iter().map(|c| resolve(c.vertex())).collect();
-
-        let mut size = Size::zero();
-        if points.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(Frame::soft(size));
-        }
+impl Show for Packed<PathElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_path).pack())
+    }
+}
 
-        // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
-        // Construct a closed path given all points.
-        let mut path = Path::new();
-        path.move_to(points[0]);
-
-        let mut add_cubic =
-            |from_point: Point, to_point: Point, from: PathVertex, to: PathVertex| {
-                let from_control_point = resolve(from.control_point_from()) + from_point;
-                let to_control_point = resolve(to.control_point_to()) + to_point;
-                path.cubic_to(from_control_point, to_control_point, to_point);
-
-                let p0 = kurbo::Point::new(from_point.x.to_raw(), from_point.y.to_raw());
-                let p1 = kurbo::Point::new(
-                    from_control_point.x.to_raw(),
-                    from_control_point.y.to_raw(),
-                );
-                let p2 = kurbo::Point::new(
-                    to_control_point.x.to_raw(),
-                    to_control_point.y.to_raw(),
-                );
-                let p3 = kurbo::Point::new(to_point.x.to_raw(), to_point.y.to_raw());
-                let extrema = CubicBez::new(p0, p1, p2, p3).bounding_box();
-                size.x.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.x1));
-                size.y.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.y1));
-            };
-
-        for (vertex_window, point_window) in vertices.windows(2).zip(points.windows(2)) {
-            let from = vertex_window[0];
-            let to = vertex_window[1];
-            let from_point = point_window[0];
-            let to_point = point_window[1];
-
-            add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
-        }
+/// Layout the path.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_path(
+    elem: &Packed<PathElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let resolve = |axes: Axes<Rel<Length>>| {
+        axes.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point()
+    };
+
+    let vertices = elem.vertices();
+    let points: Vec<Point> = vertices.iter().map(|c| resolve(c.vertex())).collect();
+
+    let mut size = Size::zero();
+    if points.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Frame::soft(size));
+    }
 
-        if self.closed(styles) {
-            let from = *vertices.last().unwrap(); // We checked that we have at least one element.
-            let to = vertices[0];
-            let from_point = *points.last().unwrap();
-            let to_point = points[0];
+    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
+    // Construct a closed path given all points.
+    let mut path = Path::new();
+    path.move_to(points[0]);
+
+    let mut add_cubic = |from_point: Point,
+                         to_point: Point,
+                         from: PathVertex,
+                         to: PathVertex| {
+        let from_control_point = resolve(from.control_point_from()) + from_point;
+        let to_control_point = resolve(to.control_point_to()) + to_point;
+        path.cubic_to(from_control_point, to_control_point, to_point);
+
+        let p0 = kurbo::Point::new(from_point.x.to_raw(), from_point.y.to_raw());
+        let p1 = kurbo::Point::new(
+            from_control_point.x.to_raw(),
+            from_control_point.y.to_raw(),
+        );
+        let p2 =
+            kurbo::Point::new(to_control_point.x.to_raw(), to_control_point.y.to_raw());
+        let p3 = kurbo::Point::new(to_point.x.to_raw(), to_point.y.to_raw());
+        let extrema = CubicBez::new(p0, p1, p2, p3).bounding_box();
+        size.x.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.x1));
+        size.y.set_max(Abs::raw(extrema.y1));
+    };
+
+    for (vertex_window, point_window) in vertices.windows(2).zip(points.windows(2)) {
+        let from = vertex_window[0];
+        let to = vertex_window[1];
+        let from_point = point_window[0];
+        let to_point = point_window[1];
+
+        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
+    }
 
-            add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
-            path.close_path();
-        }
+    if elem.closed(styles) {
+        let from = *vertices.last().unwrap(); // We checked that we have at least one element.
+        let to = vertices[0];
+        let from_point = *points.last().unwrap();
+        let to_point = points[0];
 
-        // Prepare fill and stroke.
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = match self.stroke(styles) {
-            Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
-            Smart::Auto => None,
-            Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
-        };
-
-        let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
-        let shape = Shape { geometry: Geometry::Path(path), stroke, fill };
-        frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, self.span()));
-        Ok(frame)
+        add_cubic(from_point, to_point, from, to);
+        path.close_path();
     }
+
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
+        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
+        Smart::Auto => None,
+        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
+    };
+
+    let mut frame = Frame::soft(size);
+    let shape = Shape { geometry: Geometry::Path(path), stroke, fill };
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
 
 /// A component used for path creation.
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs
index 0f12b5d5..e467d789 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/pattern.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use ecow::{eco_format, EcoString};
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{func, repr, scope, ty, Content, Smart, StyleChain};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, LayoutMultiple, Length, Regions, Size};
+use crate::layout::{Abs, Axes, Frame, Length, Regions, Size};
 use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 use crate::utils::{LazyHash, Numeric};
 use crate::visualize::RelativeTo;
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs
index 21db30a8..305f3cb1 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/polygon.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,9 @@ use std::f64::consts::PI;
 use crate::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
 use crate::engine::Engine;
 use crate::foundations::{
-    elem, func, scope, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain,
-};
-use crate::layout::{
-    Axes, Em, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutSingle, Length, Point, Regions, Rel,
+    elem, func, scope, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Resolve, Show, Smart, StyleChain,
 };
+use crate::layout::{Axes, BlockElem, Em, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Region, Rel};
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::utils::Numeric;
 use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Path, Shape, Stroke};
@@ -27,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Geometry, Paint, Path, Shape, Stroke};
 ///   (0%,  2cm),
 /// )
 /// ```
-#[elem(scope, LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(scope, Show)]
 pub struct PolygonElem {
     /// How to fill the polygon.
     ///
@@ -125,52 +123,55 @@ impl PolygonElem {
     }
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<PolygonElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "polygon", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        _: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        let points: Vec<Point> = self
-            .vertices()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|c| {
-                c.resolve(styles).zip_map(regions.base(), Rel::relative_to).to_point()
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        let size = points.iter().fold(Point::zero(), |max, c| c.max(max)).to_size();
-        if !size.is_finite() {
-            bail!(self.span(), "cannot create polygon with infinite size");
-        }
-
-        let mut frame = Frame::hard(size);
+impl Show for Packed<PolygonElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, _: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), layout_polygon).pack())
+    }
+}
 
-        // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
-        if points.is_empty() {
-            return Ok(frame);
-        }
+/// Layout the polygon.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = elem.span())]
+fn layout_polygon(
+    elem: &Packed<PolygonElem>,
+    _: &mut Engine,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    region: Region,
+) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
+    let points: Vec<Point> = elem
+        .vertices()
+        .iter()
+        .map(|c| c.resolve(styles).zip_map(region.size, Rel::relative_to).to_point())
+        .collect();
+
+    let size = points.iter().fold(Point::zero(), |max, c| c.max(max)).to_size();
+    if !size.is_finite() {
+        bail!(elem.span(), "cannot create polygon with infinite size");
+    }
 
-        // Prepare fill and stroke.
-        let fill = self.fill(styles);
-        let stroke = match self.stroke(styles) {
-            Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
-            Smart::Auto => None,
-            Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
-        };
+    let mut frame = Frame::hard(size);
 
-        // Construct a closed path given all points.
-        let mut path = Path::new();
-        path.move_to(points[0]);
-        for &point in &points[1..] {
-            path.line_to(point);
-        }
-        path.close_path();
+    // Only create a path if there are more than zero points.
+    if points.is_empty() {
+        return Ok(frame);
+    }
 
-        let shape = Shape { geometry: Geometry::Path(path), stroke, fill };
-        frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, self.span()));
-        Ok(frame)
+    // Prepare fill and stroke.
+    let fill = elem.fill(styles);
+    let stroke = match elem.stroke(styles) {
+        Smart::Auto if fill.is_none() => Some(FixedStroke::default()),
+        Smart::Auto => None,
+        Smart::Custom(stroke) => stroke.map(Stroke::unwrap_or_default),
+    };
+
+    // Construct a closed path given all points.
+    let mut path = Path::new();
+    path.move_to(points[0]);
+    for &point in &points[1..] {
+        path.line_to(point);
     }
+    path.close_path();
+
+    let shape = Shape { geometry: Geometry::Path(path), stroke, fill };
+    frame.push(Point::zero(), FrameItem::Shape(shape, elem.span()));
+    Ok(frame)
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs b/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs
index 88504121..7404763e 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/visualize/shape.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ use std::f64::consts::SQRT_2;
 
 use crate::diag::SourceResult;
 use crate::engine::Engine;
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, Packed, Resolve, Smart, StyleChain};
+use crate::foundations::{elem, Content, NativeElement, Packed, Show, Smart, StyleChain};
 use crate::layout::{
-    Abs, Axes, Corner, Corners, Frame, FrameItem, LayoutMultiple, LayoutSingle, Length,
-    Point, Ratio, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
+    Abs, Axes, BlockElem, Corner, Corners, Frame, FrameItem, Length, Point, Ratio,
+    Region, Regions, Rel, Sides, Size,
 };
 use crate::syntax::Span;
 use crate::utils::Get;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use crate::visualize::{FixedStroke, Paint, Path, Stroke};
 ///   to fit the content.
 /// ]
 /// ```
-#[elem(title = "Rectangle", LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(title = "Rectangle", Show)]
 pub struct RectElem {
     /// The rectangle's width, relative to its parent container.
     pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
@@ -128,31 +128,30 @@ pub struct RectElem {
     /// When this is omitted, the rectangle takes on a default size of at most
     /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
     #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
     pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<RectElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "rect", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        layout(
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            regions,
-            ShapeKind::Rect,
-            &self.body(styles),
-            Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles)),
-            self.fill(styles),
-            self.stroke(styles),
-            self.inset(styles),
-            self.outset(styles),
-            self.radius(styles),
-            self.span(),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<RectElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), |elem, engine, styles, region| {
+            layout_shape(
+                engine,
+                styles,
+                region,
+                ShapeKind::Rect,
+                elem.body(styles),
+                elem.fill(styles),
+                elem.stroke(styles),
+                elem.inset(styles),
+                elem.outset(styles),
+                elem.radius(styles),
+                elem.span(),
+            )
+        })
+        .with_width(self.width(styles))
+        .with_height(self.height(styles))
+        .pack())
     }
 }
 
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ impl LayoutSingle for Packed<RectElem> {
 ///   sized to fit.
 /// ]
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct SquareElem {
     /// The square's side length. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
     /// `height`.
@@ -234,31 +233,30 @@ pub struct SquareElem {
     /// When this is omitted, the square takes on a default size of at most
     /// `{30pt}`.
     #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
     pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<SquareElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "square", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        layout(
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            regions,
-            ShapeKind::Square,
-            &self.body(styles),
-            Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles)),
-            self.fill(styles),
-            self.stroke(styles),
-            self.inset(styles),
-            self.outset(styles),
-            self.radius(styles),
-            self.span(),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<SquareElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), |elem, engine, styles, regions| {
+            layout_shape(
+                engine,
+                styles,
+                regions,
+                ShapeKind::Square,
+                elem.body(styles),
+                elem.fill(styles),
+                elem.stroke(styles),
+                elem.inset(styles),
+                elem.outset(styles),
+                elem.radius(styles),
+                elem.span(),
+            )
+        })
+        .with_width(self.width(styles))
+        .with_height(self.height(styles))
+        .pack())
     }
 }
 
@@ -276,7 +274,7 @@ impl LayoutSingle for Packed<SquareElem> {
 ///   to fit the content.
 /// ]
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct EllipseElem {
     /// The ellipse's width, relative to its parent container.
     pub width: Smart<Rel<Length>>,
@@ -312,31 +310,30 @@ pub struct EllipseElem {
     /// When this is omitted, the ellipse takes on a default size of at most
     /// `{45pt}` by `{30pt}`.
     #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
     pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<EllipseElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "ellipse", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        layout(
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            regions,
-            ShapeKind::Ellipse,
-            &self.body(styles),
-            Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles)),
-            self.fill(styles),
-            self.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
-            self.inset(styles),
-            self.outset(styles),
-            Corners::splat(None),
-            self.span(),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<EllipseElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), |elem, engine, styles, regions| {
+            layout_shape(
+                engine,
+                styles,
+                regions,
+                ShapeKind::Ellipse,
+                elem.body(styles),
+                elem.fill(styles),
+                elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
+                elem.inset(styles),
+                elem.outset(styles),
+                Corners::splat(None),
+                elem.span(),
+            )
+        })
+        .with_width(self.width(styles))
+        .with_height(self.height(styles))
+        .pack())
     }
 }
 
@@ -354,7 +351,7 @@ impl LayoutSingle for Packed<EllipseElem> {
 ///   sized to fit.
 /// ]
 /// ```
-#[elem(LayoutSingle)]
+#[elem(Show)]
 pub struct CircleElem {
     /// The circle's radius. This is mutually exclusive with `width` and
     /// `height`.
@@ -415,43 +412,42 @@ pub struct CircleElem {
     /// The content to place into the circle. The circle expands to fit this
     /// content, keeping the 1-1 aspect ratio.
     #[positional]
+    #[borrowed]
     pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
-impl LayoutSingle for Packed<CircleElem> {
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "circle", span = self.span())]
-    fn layout(
-        &self,
-        engine: &mut Engine,
-        styles: StyleChain,
-        regions: Regions,
-    ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-        layout(
-            engine,
-            styles,
-            regions,
-            ShapeKind::Circle,
-            &self.body(styles),
-            Axes::new(self.width(styles), self.height(styles)),
-            self.fill(styles),
-            self.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
-            self.inset(styles),
-            self.outset(styles),
-            Corners::splat(None),
-            self.span(),
-        )
+impl Show for Packed<CircleElem> {
+    fn show(&self, _: &mut Engine, styles: StyleChain) -> SourceResult<Content> {
+        Ok(BlockElem::single_layouter(self.clone(), |elem, engine, styles, regions| {
+            layout_shape(
+                engine,
+                styles,
+                regions,
+                ShapeKind::Circle,
+                elem.body(styles),
+                elem.fill(styles),
+                elem.stroke(styles).map(|s| Sides::splat(Some(s))),
+                elem.inset(styles),
+                elem.outset(styles),
+                Corners::splat(None),
+                elem.span(),
+            )
+        })
+        .with_width(self.width(styles))
+        .with_height(self.height(styles))
+        .pack())
     }
 }
 
 /// Layout a shape.
+#[typst_macros::time(span = span)]
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn layout(
+fn layout_shape(
     engine: &mut Engine,
     styles: StyleChain,
-    regions: Regions,
+    region: Region,
     kind: ShapeKind,
     body: &Option<Content>,
-    sizing: Axes<Smart<Rel<Length>>>,
     fill: Option<Paint>,
     stroke: Smart<Sides<Option<Option<Stroke<Abs>>>>>,
     inset: Sides<Option<Rel<Abs>>>,
@@ -459,47 +455,41 @@ fn layout(
     radius: Corners<Option<Rel<Abs>>>,
     span: Span,
 ) -> SourceResult<Frame> {
-    let resolved = sizing
-        .zip_map(regions.base(), |s, r| s.map(|v| v.resolve(styles).relative_to(r)));
-
     let mut frame;
-    let mut inset = inset.unwrap_or_default();
-
     if let Some(child) = body {
-        let region = resolved.unwrap_or(regions.base());
-
+        let mut inset = inset.unwrap_or_default();
         if kind.is_round() {
-            inset = inset.map(|side| side + Ratio::new(0.5 - SQRT_2 / 4.0));
+            // Apply extra inset to round shapes.
+            inset = inset.map(|v| v + Ratio::new(0.5 - SQRT_2 / 4.0));
         }
+        let has_inset = !inset.is_zero();
 
-        // Pad the child.
-        let child = child.clone().padded(inset.map(|side| side.map(Length::from)));
-        let expand = sizing.as_ref().map(Smart::is_custom);
-        let pod = Regions::one(region, expand);
-        frame = child.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+        // Take the inset, if any, into account.
+        let mut pod = region;
+        if has_inset {
+            pod.size = crate::layout::shrink(region.size, &inset);
+        }
 
-        // Enforce correct size.
-        *frame.size_mut() = expand.select(region, frame.size());
+        // Layout the child.
+        frame = child.layout(engine, styles, pod.into_regions())?.into_frame();
 
-        // Relayout with full expansion into square region to make sure
-        // the result is really a square or circle.
+        // If the child is a square or circle, relayout with full expansion into
+        // square region to make sure the result is really quadratic.
         if kind.is_quadratic() {
-            frame.set_size(Size::splat(frame.size().max_by_side()));
-            let length = frame.size().max_by_side().min(region.min_by_side());
-            let pod = Regions::one(Size::splat(length), Axes::splat(true));
-            frame = child.layout(engine, styles, pod)?.into_frame();
+            let length = frame.size().max_by_side().min(pod.size.min_by_side());
+            let quad_pod = Regions::one(Size::splat(length), Axes::splat(true));
+            frame = child.layout(engine, styles, quad_pod)?.into_frame();
         }
 
-        // Enforce correct size again.
-        *frame.size_mut() = expand.select(region, frame.size());
-        if kind.is_quadratic() {
-            frame.set_size(Size::splat(frame.size().max_by_side()));
+        // Apply the inset.
+        if has_inset {
+            crate::layout::grow(&mut frame, &inset);
         }
     } else {
         // The default size that a shape takes on if it has no child and
         // enough space.
         let default = Size::new(Abs::pt(45.0), Abs::pt(30.0));
-        let mut size = resolved.unwrap_or(default.min(regions.base()));
+        let mut size = region.expand.select(region.size, default.min(region.size));
         if kind.is_quadratic() {
             size = Size::splat(size.min_by_side());
         }
@@ -526,9 +516,9 @@ fn layout(
         } else {
             frame.fill_and_stroke(
                 fill,
-                stroke,
-                outset.unwrap_or_default(),
-                radius.unwrap_or_default(),
+                &stroke,
+                &outset.unwrap_or_default(),
+                &radius.unwrap_or_default(),
                 span,
             );
         }
@@ -633,7 +623,7 @@ pub(crate) fn ellipse(
 /// Creates a new rectangle as a path.
 pub(crate) fn clip_rect(
     size: Size,
-    radius: Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
+    radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
 ) -> Path {
     let stroke_widths = stroke
@@ -644,8 +634,7 @@ pub(crate) fn clip_rect(
         + stroke_widths.iter().cloned().min().unwrap_or(Abs::zero());
 
     let radius = radius.map(|side| side.relative_to(max_radius * 2.0).min(max_radius));
-
-    let corners = corners_control_points(size, radius, stroke, stroke_widths);
+    let corners = corners_control_points(size, &radius, stroke, &stroke_widths);
 
     let mut path = Path::new();
     if corners.top_left.arc_inner() {
@@ -674,12 +663,12 @@ pub(crate) fn clip_rect(
 /// - use fill for sides for best looks
 pub(crate) fn styled_rect(
     size: Size,
-    radius: Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
+    radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     fill: Option<Paint>,
-    stroke: Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
+    stroke: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
 ) -> Vec<Shape> {
     if stroke.is_uniform() && radius.iter().cloned().all(Rel::is_zero) {
-        simple_rect(size, fill, stroke.top)
+        simple_rect(size, fill, stroke.top.clone())
     } else {
         segmented_rect(size, radius, fill, stroke)
     }
@@ -696,9 +685,9 @@ fn simple_rect(
 
 fn corners_control_points(
     size: Size,
-    radius: Corners<Abs>,
+    radius: &Corners<Abs>,
     strokes: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
-    stroke_widths: Sides<Abs>,
+    stroke_widths: &Sides<Abs>,
 ) -> Corners<ControlPoints> {
     Corners {
         top_left: Corner::TopLeft,
@@ -726,9 +715,9 @@ fn corners_control_points(
 /// Use stroke and fill for the rectangle
 fn segmented_rect(
     size: Size,
-    radius: Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
+    radius: &Corners<Rel<Abs>>,
     fill: Option<Paint>,
-    strokes: Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
+    strokes: &Sides<Option<FixedStroke>>,
 ) -> Vec<Shape> {
     let mut res = vec![];
     let stroke_widths = strokes
@@ -739,8 +728,7 @@ fn segmented_rect(
         + stroke_widths.iter().cloned().min().unwrap_or(Abs::zero());
 
     let radius = radius.map(|side| side.relative_to(max_radius * 2.0).min(max_radius));
-
-    let corners = corners_control_points(size, radius, &strokes, stroke_widths);
+    let corners = corners_control_points(size, &radius, strokes, &stroke_widths);
 
     // insert stroked sides below filled sides
     let mut stroke_insert = 0;
@@ -786,10 +774,7 @@ fn segmented_rect(
             let start = last;
             let end = current;
             last = current;
-            let stroke = match strokes.get_ref(start.side_cw()) {
-                None => continue,
-                Some(stroke) => stroke.clone(),
-            };
+            let Some(stroke) = strokes.get_ref(start.side_cw()) else { continue };
             let (shape, ontop) = segment(start, end, &corners, stroke);
             if ontop {
                 res.push(shape);
@@ -798,7 +783,7 @@ fn segmented_rect(
                 stroke_insert += 1;
             }
         }
-    } else if let Some(stroke) = strokes.top {
+    } else if let Some(stroke) = &strokes.top {
         // single segment
         let (shape, _) = segment(Corner::TopLeft, Corner::TopLeft, &corners, stroke);
         res.push(shape);
@@ -848,7 +833,7 @@ fn segment(
     start: Corner,
     end: Corner,
     corners: &Corners<ControlPoints>,
-    stroke: FixedStroke,
+    stroke: &FixedStroke,
 ) -> (Shape, bool) {
     fn fill_corner(corner: &ControlPoints) -> bool {
         corner.stroke_before != corner.stroke_after
@@ -883,12 +868,12 @@ fn segment(
         .unwrap_or(true);
 
     let use_fill = solid && fill_corners(start, end, corners);
-
     let shape = if use_fill {
         fill_segment(start, end, corners, stroke)
     } else {
-        stroke_segment(start, end, corners, stroke)
+        stroke_segment(start, end, corners, stroke.clone())
     };
+
     (shape, use_fill)
 }
 
@@ -899,7 +884,7 @@ fn stroke_segment(
     corners: &Corners<ControlPoints>,
     stroke: FixedStroke,
 ) -> Shape {
-    // create start corner
+    // Create start corner.
     let mut path = Path::new();
     path_segment(start, end, corners, &mut path);
 
@@ -915,7 +900,7 @@ fn fill_segment(
     start: Corner,
     end: Corner,
     corners: &Corners<ControlPoints>,
-    stroke: FixedStroke,
+    stroke: &FixedStroke,
 ) -> Shape {
     let mut path = Path::new();
 
@@ -1004,7 +989,7 @@ fn fill_segment(
     Shape {
         geometry: Geometry::Path(path),
         stroke: None,
-        fill: Some(stroke.paint),
+        fill: Some(stroke.paint.clone()),
     }
 }