Syntax functions 🚀

This adds overridable functions that markup desugars into. Specifically:
- \ desugars into linebreak
- Two newlines desugar into parbreak
- * desugars into strong
- _ desugars into emph
- = .. desugars into heading
- `..` desugars into raw

23 files changed, 592 insertions, 392 deletions

diff --git a/src/eval/capture.rs b/src/eval/capture.rs
index c0354cd3..bee523ef 100644
--- a/src/eval/capture.rs
+++ b/src/eval/capture.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use super::{Scope, Scopes, Value};
 use crate::syntax::visit::{visit_expr, Visit};
-use crate::syntax::{Expr, Ident};
+use crate::syntax::{Expr, Ident, Node};
 
 /// A visitor that captures variable slots.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -26,20 +26,36 @@ impl<'a> CapturesVisitor<'a> {
     pub fn finish(self) -> Scope {
         self.captures
     }
+
+    /// Find out whether the name is not locally defined and if so if it can be
+    /// captured.
+    fn process(&mut self, name: &str) {
+        if self.internal.get(name).is_none() {
+            if let Some(slot) = self.external.get(name) {
+                self.captures.def_slot(name, Rc::clone(slot));
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'ast> Visit<'ast> for CapturesVisitor<'_> {
+    fn visit_node(&mut self, node: &'ast Node) {
+        match node {
+            Node::Text(_) => {}
+            Node::Space => {}
+            Node::Linebreak(_) => self.process(Node::LINEBREAK),
+            Node::Parbreak(_) => self.process(Node::PARBREAK),
+            Node::Strong(_) => self.process(Node::STRONG),
+            Node::Emph(_) => self.process(Node::EMPH),
+            Node::Heading(_) => self.process(Node::HEADING),
+            Node::Raw(_) => self.process(Node::RAW),
+            Node::Expr(expr) => self.visit_expr(expr),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn visit_expr(&mut self, node: &'ast Expr) {
         match node {
-            Expr::Ident(ident) => {
-                // Find out whether the identifier is not locally defined, but
-                // captured, and if so, capture its value.
-                if self.internal.get(ident).is_none() {
-                    if let Some(slot) = self.external.get(ident) {
-                        self.captures.def_slot(ident.as_str(), Rc::clone(slot));
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            Expr::Ident(ident) => self.process(ident),
             expr => visit_expr(self, expr),
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/eval/mod.rs b/src/eval/mod.rs
index 6d8edf79..802e1347 100644
--- a/src/eval/mod.rs
+++ b/src/eval/mod.rs
@@ -20,23 +20,23 @@ use crate::geom::{Angle, Length, Relative};
 use crate::syntax::visit::Visit;
 use crate::syntax::*;
 
-/// Evaluate all expressions in a syntax tree.
+/// Evaluate all nodes in a syntax tree.
 ///
 /// The `scope` consists of the base definitions that are present from the
 /// beginning (typically, the standard library).
-pub fn eval(env: &mut Env, tree: &Tree, scope: &Scope) -> Pass<ExprMap> {
+pub fn eval(env: &mut Env, tree: &Tree, scope: &Scope) -> Pass<NodeMap> {
     let mut ctx = EvalContext::new(env, scope);
     let map = tree.eval(&mut ctx);
     Pass::new(map, ctx.diags)
 }
 
-/// A map from expressions to the values they evaluated to.
+/// A map from nodes to the values they evaluated to.
 ///
-/// The raw pointers point into the expressions contained in some [`Tree`].
-/// Since the lifetime is erased, the tree could go out of scope while the hash
-/// map still lives. Although this could lead to lookup panics, it is not unsafe
-/// since the pointers are never dereferenced.
-pub type ExprMap = HashMap<*const Expr, Value>;
+/// The raw pointers point into the nodes contained in some [`Tree`]. Since the
+/// lifetime is erased, the tree could go out of scope while the hash map still
+/// lives. Although this could lead to lookup panics, it is not unsafe since the
+/// pointers are never dereferenced.
+pub type NodeMap = HashMap<*const Node, Value>;
 
 /// The context for evaluation.
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -75,23 +75,24 @@ pub trait Eval {
 }
 
 impl Eval for Tree {
-    type Output = ExprMap;
+    type Output = NodeMap;
 
     fn eval(&self, ctx: &mut EvalContext) -> Self::Output {
-        struct ExprVisitor<'a, 'b> {
-            map: ExprMap,
-            ctx: &'a mut EvalContext<'b>,
-        }
+        let mut map = NodeMap::new();
 
-        impl<'ast> Visit<'ast> for ExprVisitor<'_, '_> {
-            fn visit_expr(&mut self, node: &'ast Expr) {
-                self.map.insert(node as *const _, node.eval(self.ctx));
-            }
+        for node in self {
+            let value = if let Some(call) = node.desugar() {
+                call.eval(ctx)
+            } else if let Node::Expr(expr) = node {
+                expr.eval(ctx)
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            };
+
+            map.insert(node as *const _, value);
         }
 
-        let mut visitor = ExprVisitor { map: ExprMap::new(), ctx };
-        visitor.visit_tree(self);
-        visitor.map
+        map
     }
 }
 
@@ -99,46 +100,36 @@ impl Eval for Expr {
     type Output = Value;
 
     fn eval(&self, ctx: &mut EvalContext) -> Self::Output {
-        match self {
-            Self::Lit(lit) => lit.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Ident(v) => match ctx.scopes.get(&v) {
+        match *self {
+            Self::None(_) => Value::None,
+            Self::Bool(_, v) => Value::Bool(v),
+            Self::Int(_, v) => Value::Int(v),
+            Self::Float(_, v) => Value::Float(v),
+            Self::Length(_, v, unit) => Value::Length(Length::with_unit(v, unit)),
+            Self::Angle(_, v, unit) => Value::Angle(Angle::with_unit(v, unit)),
+            Self::Percent(_, v) => Value::Relative(Relative::new(v / 100.0)),
+            Self::Color(_, v) => Value::Color(Color::Rgba(v)),
+            Self::Str(_, ref v) => Value::Str(v.clone()),
+            Self::Ident(ref v) => match ctx.scopes.get(&v) {
                 Some(slot) => slot.borrow().clone(),
                 None => {
                     ctx.diag(error!(v.span, "unknown variable"));
                     Value::Error
                 }
             },
-            Self::Array(v) => Value::Array(v.eval(ctx)),
-            Self::Dict(v) => Value::Dict(v.eval(ctx)),
-            Self::Template(v) => Value::Template(vec![v.eval(ctx)]),
-            Self::Group(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Block(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Call(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Closure(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Unary(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Binary(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::Let(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::If(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::While(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-            Self::For(v) => v.eval(ctx),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Eval for Lit {
-    type Output = Value;
-
-    fn eval(&self, _: &mut EvalContext) -> Self::Output {
-        match self.kind {
-            LitKind::None => Value::None,
-            LitKind::Bool(v) => Value::Bool(v),
-            LitKind::Int(v) => Value::Int(v),
-            LitKind::Float(v) => Value::Float(v),
-            LitKind::Length(v, unit) => Value::Length(Length::with_unit(v, unit)),
-            LitKind::Angle(v, unit) => Value::Angle(Angle::with_unit(v, unit)),
-            LitKind::Percent(v) => Value::Relative(Relative::new(v / 100.0)),
-            LitKind::Color(v) => Value::Color(Color::Rgba(v)),
-            LitKind::Str(ref v) => Value::Str(v.clone()),
+            Self::Array(ref v) => Value::Array(v.eval(ctx)),
+            Self::Dict(ref v) => Value::Dict(v.eval(ctx)),
+            Self::Template(ref v) => Value::Template(vec![v.eval(ctx)]),
+            Self::Group(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Block(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Call(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Closure(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Unary(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Binary(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::Let(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::If(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::While(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
+            Self::For(ref v) => v.eval(ctx),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/eval/ops.rs b/src/eval/ops.rs
index bef4dd58..da3432a2 100644
--- a/src/eval/ops.rs
+++ b/src/eval/ops.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 use super::{ArrayValue, DictValue, TemplateNode, Value};
-use crate::syntax::Span;
 use Value::*;
 
 /// Apply the plus operator to a value.
@@ -184,7 +183,6 @@ fn value_eq(lhs: &Value, rhs: &Value) -> bool {
         (&Linear(a), &Relative(b)) => a.rel == b && a.abs.is_zero(),
         (Array(a), Array(b)) => array_eq(a, b),
         (Dict(a), Dict(b)) => dict_eq(a, b),
-        (Template(a), Template(b)) => Span::without_cmp(|| a == b),
         (a, b) => a == b,
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/eval/value.rs b/src/eval/value.rs
index 485829f3..288e5ed7 100644
--- a/src/eval/value.rs
+++ b/src/eval/value.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use super::{EvalContext, ExprMap};
+use super::{EvalContext, NodeMap};
 use crate::color::Color;
 use crate::diag::DiagSet;
 use crate::exec::ExecContext;
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ pub type TemplateValue = Vec<TemplateNode>;
 ///
 /// Evaluating a template expression creates only a single node. Adding multiple
 /// templates can yield multi-node templates.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum TemplateNode {
     /// A template that consists of a syntax tree plus already evaluated
     /// expression.
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub enum TemplateNode {
         /// The syntax tree of the corresponding template expression.
         tree: Rc<Tree>,
         /// The evaluated expressions for the `tree`.
-        map: ExprMap,
+        map: NodeMap,
     },
     /// A template that was converted from a string.
     Str(String),
@@ -123,6 +123,13 @@ pub enum TemplateNode {
     Func(TemplateFunc),
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for TemplateNode {
+    fn eq(&self, _: &Self) -> bool {
+        // TODO: Figure out what we want here.
+        false
+    }
+}
+
 /// A reference-counted dynamic template node that can implement custom
 /// behaviour.
 #[derive(Clone)]
diff --git a/src/exec/context.rs b/src/exec/context.rs
index 761977fc..f19f6561 100644
--- a/src/exec/context.rs
+++ b/src/exec/context.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::geom::{Dir, Gen, Linear, Sides, Size};
 use crate::layout::{
     Node, PadNode, PageRun, ParNode, SpacingNode, StackNode, TextNode, Tree,
 };
-use crate::parse::is_newline;
+use crate::parse::{is_newline, Scanner};
 use crate::syntax::{Span, Spanned};
 
 /// The context for execution.
@@ -99,16 +99,19 @@ impl<'a> ExecContext<'a> {
     ///
     /// The text is split into lines at newlines.
     pub fn push_text(&mut self, text: &str) {
-        let mut newline = false;
-        for line in text.split_terminator(is_newline) {
-            if newline {
+        let mut scanner = Scanner::new(text);
+        let mut line = String::new();
+
+        while let Some(c) = scanner.eat_merging_crlf() {
+            if is_newline(c) {
+                self.push(self.make_text_node(mem::take(&mut line)));
                 self.push_linebreak();
+            } else {
+                line.push(c);
             }
-
-            let node = self.make_text_node(line.into());
-            self.push(node);
-            newline = true;
         }
+
+        self.push(self.make_text_node(line));
     }
 
     /// Apply a forced line break.
diff --git a/src/exec/mod.rs b/src/exec/mod.rs
index 5a2ff698..6f3b9c83 100644
--- a/src/exec/mod.rs
+++ b/src/exec/mod.rs
@@ -10,24 +10,24 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use crate::diag::Pass;
 use crate::env::Env;
-use crate::eval::{ExprMap, TemplateFunc, TemplateNode, TemplateValue, Value};
-use crate::layout::{self, FixedNode, SpacingNode, StackNode};
+use crate::eval::{NodeMap, TemplateFunc, TemplateNode, TemplateValue, Value};
+use crate::layout;
 use crate::pretty::pretty;
 use crate::syntax::*;
 
 /// Execute a syntax tree to produce a layout tree.
 ///
-/// The `map` shall be an expression map computed for this tree with
+/// The `map` shall be a node map computed for this tree with
 /// [`eval`](crate::eval::eval). Note that `tree` must be the _exact_ same tree
-/// as used for evaluation (no cloned version), because the expression map
-/// depends on the pointers being stable.
+/// as used for evaluation (no cloned version), because the node map depends on
+/// the pointers being stable.
 ///
 /// The `state` is the base state that may be updated over the course of
 /// execution.
 pub fn exec(
     env: &mut Env,
     tree: &Tree,
-    map: &ExprMap,
+    map: &NodeMap,
     state: State,
 ) -> Pass<layout::Tree> {
     let mut ctx = ExecContext::new(env, state);
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ pub trait Exec {
     fn exec(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext);
 }
 
-/// Execute a node with an expression map that applies to it.
+/// Execute a node with a node map that applies to it.
 pub trait ExecWithMap {
     /// Execute the node.
-    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &ExprMap);
+    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &NodeMap);
 }
 
 impl ExecWithMap for Tree {
-    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &ExprMap) {
+    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &NodeMap) {
         for node in self {
             node.exec_with_map(ctx, map);
         }
@@ -62,83 +62,15 @@ impl ExecWithMap for Tree {
 }
 
 impl ExecWithMap for Node {
-    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &ExprMap) {
+    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &NodeMap) {
         match self {
             Node::Text(text) => ctx.push_text(text),
             Node::Space => ctx.push_space(),
-            Node::Linebreak => ctx.push_linebreak(),
-            Node::Parbreak => ctx.push_parbreak(),
-            Node::Strong => ctx.state.font.strong ^= true,
-            Node::Emph => ctx.state.font.emph ^= true,
-            Node::Heading(heading) => heading.exec_with_map(ctx, map),
-            Node::Raw(raw) => raw.exec(ctx),
-            Node::Expr(expr) => map[&(expr as *const _)].exec(ctx),
+            _ => map[&(self as *const _)].exec(ctx),
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl ExecWithMap for HeadingNode {
-    fn exec_with_map(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext, map: &ExprMap) {
-        let prev = ctx.state.clone();
-        let upscale = 1.5 - 0.1 * self.level as f64;
-        ctx.state.font.scale *= upscale;
-        ctx.state.font.strong = true;
-
-        self.contents.exec_with_map(ctx, map);
-        ctx.push_parbreak();
-
-        ctx.state = prev;
-    }
-}
-
-impl Exec for RawNode {
-    fn exec(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext) {
-        let prev = Rc::clone(&ctx.state.font.families);
-        ctx.set_monospace();
-
-        let em = ctx.state.font.font_size();
-        let leading = ctx.state.par.leading.resolve(em);
-
-        let mut children = vec![];
-        let mut newline = false;
-        for line in &self.lines {
-            if newline {
-                children.push(layout::Node::Spacing(SpacingNode {
-                    amount: leading,
-                    softness: 2,
-                }));
-            }
-
-            children.push(layout::Node::Text(ctx.make_text_node(line.clone())));
-            newline = true;
-        }
-
-        if self.block {
-            ctx.push_parbreak();
-        }
-
-        // This is wrapped in a fixed node to make sure the stack fits to its
-        // content instead of filling the available area.
-        ctx.push(FixedNode {
-            width: None,
-            height: None,
-            aspect: None,
-            child: StackNode {
-                dirs: ctx.state.dirs,
-                aligns: ctx.state.aligns,
-                children,
-            }
-            .into(),
-        });
-
-        if self.block {
-            ctx.push_parbreak();
-        }
-
-        ctx.state.font.families = prev;
-    }
-}
-
 impl Exec for Value {
     fn exec(&self, ctx: &mut ExecContext) {
         match self {
diff --git a/src/geom/relative.rs b/src/geom/relative.rs
index 65312e99..bbae5aba 100644
--- a/src/geom/relative.rs
+++ b/src/geom/relative.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use super::*;
 /// A relative length.
 ///
 /// _Note_: `50%` is represented as `0.5` here, but stored as `50.0` in the
-/// corresponding [literal](crate::syntax::LitKind::Percent).
+/// corresponding [literal](crate::syntax::Expr::Percent).
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
 pub struct Relative(f64);
 
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index d2e47c62..cc370a0a 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 //!   tree]. The structures describing the tree can be found in the [syntax]
 //!   module.
 //! - **Evaluation:** The next step is to [evaluate] the syntax tree. This
-//!   computes the value of each expression in document and stores them in a map
-//!   from expression-pointers to values.
+//!   computes the value of each node in document and stores them in a map from
+//!   node-pointers to values.
 //! - **Execution:** Now, we can [execute] the parsed and evaluated "script".
 //!   This produces a [layout tree], a high-level, fully styled representation
 //!   of the document. The nodes of this tree are self-contained and
diff --git a/src/library/align.rs b/src/library/align.rs
index 93c6db0d..765ed988 100644
--- a/src/library/align.rs
+++ b/src/library/align.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::*;
 
-/// `align`: Align content along the layouting axes.
+/// `align`: Configure the alignment along the layouting axes.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
 /// - Alignments: variadic, of type `alignment`.
diff --git a/src/library/base.rs b/src/library/base.rs
index 22adb1f4..fdabdc47 100644
--- a/src/library/base.rs
+++ b/src/library/base.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,20 @@ use crate::pretty::pretty;
 
 use super::*;
 
+/// `type`: Get the name of a value's type.
+///
+/// # Positional parameters
+/// - Any value.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// The name of the value's type as a string.
+pub fn type_(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    match args.require::<Value>(ctx, "value") {
+        Some(value) => value.type_name().into(),
+        None => Value::Error,
+    }
+}
+
 /// `repr`: Get the string representation of a value.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
@@ -17,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn repr(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
     }
 }
 
-/// `rgb`: Create an RGB(A) color.
+/// `rgb`: Construct an RGB(A) color.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
 /// - Red component: of type `float`, between 0.0 and 1.0.
@@ -49,17 +63,3 @@ pub fn rgb(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
         clamp(a, 255),
     )))
 }
-
-/// `type`: Find out the name of a value's type.
-///
-/// # Positional parameters
-/// - Any value.
-///
-/// # Return value
-/// The name of the value's type as a string.
-pub fn type_(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
-    match args.require::<Value>(ctx, "value") {
-        Some(value) => value.type_name().into(),
-        None => Value::Error,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/library/markup.rs b/src/library/markup.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..12a14d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/library/markup.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+use super::*;
+use crate::syntax::{HeadingNode, RawNode};
+
+/// `linebreak`: Start a new line.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax:
+/// ```typst
+/// This line ends here, \
+/// And a new one begins.
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that inserts a line break.
+pub fn linebreak(_: &mut EvalContext, _: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    Value::template(Node::LINEBREAK, move |ctx| {
+        ctx.push_linebreak();
+    })
+}
+
+/// `parbreak`: Start a new paragraph.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that inserts a paragraph break.
+pub fn parbreak(_: &mut EvalContext, _: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    Value::template(Node::PARBREAK, move |ctx| {
+        ctx.push_parbreak();
+    })
+}
+
+/// `strong`: Signify important text by setting it in bold.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax.
+/// ```typst
+/// This is *important*!
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Positional parameters
+/// - Body: optional, of type `template`.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that flips the strongness of text. The effect is scoped to the
+/// body if present.
+pub fn strong(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    let body = args.find::<TemplateValue>(ctx);
+    Value::template(Node::STRONG, move |ctx| {
+        let snapshot = ctx.state.clone();
+        ctx.state.font.strong ^= true;
+
+        if let Some(body) = &body {
+            body.exec(ctx);
+            ctx.state = snapshot;
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// `emph`: Emphasize text by setting it in italics.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax.
+/// ```typst
+/// I would have _never_ thought so!
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Positional parameters
+/// - Body: optional, of type `template`.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that flips whether text is emphasized. The effect is scoped to
+/// the body if present.
+pub fn emph(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    let body = args.find::<TemplateValue>(ctx);
+    Value::template(Node::EMPH, move |ctx| {
+        let snapshot = ctx.state.clone();
+        ctx.state.font.emph ^= true;
+
+        if let Some(body) = &body {
+            body.exec(ctx);
+            ctx.state = snapshot;
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// `heading`: A section heading.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax.
+/// ```typst
+/// = Section
+/// ...
+///
+/// == Subsection
+/// ...
+/// ```
+///
+/// # Positional parameters
+/// - Body, of type `template`.
+///
+/// # Named parameters
+/// - Section depth: `level`, of type `integer` between 1 and 6.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that sets the body as a section heading, that is, large and in
+/// bold.
+pub fn heading(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    let level = args.get(ctx, HeadingNode::LEVEL).unwrap_or(1);
+    let body = args
+        .require::<TemplateValue>(ctx, HeadingNode::BODY)
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    Value::template(Node::HEADING, move |ctx| {
+        let snapshot = ctx.state.clone();
+        let upscale = 1.6 - 0.1 * level as f64;
+        ctx.state.font.scale *= upscale;
+        ctx.state.font.strong = true;
+
+        body.exec(ctx);
+        ctx.push_parbreak();
+
+        ctx.state = snapshot;
+    })
+}
+
+/// `raw`: Raw text.
+///
+/// # Syntax
+/// This function has dedicated syntax:
+/// - For inline-level raw text:
+///   ```typst
+///   `...`
+///   ```
+/// - For block-level raw text:
+///   ````typst
+///   ```rust
+///   println!("Hello World!");
+///   ```
+///   ````
+///
+/// # Positional parameters
+/// - Text, of type `string`.
+///
+/// # Named parameters
+/// - Language for syntax highlighting: `lang`, of type `string`.
+/// - Whether the item is block level (split in its own paragraph): `block`, of
+///   type `boolean`.
+///
+/// # Return value
+/// A template that sets the text raw, that is, in monospace with optional
+/// syntax highlighting.
+pub fn raw(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
+    let text = args.require::<String>(ctx, RawNode::TEXT).unwrap_or_default();
+    let _lang = args.get::<String>(ctx, RawNode::LANG);
+    let block = args.get(ctx, RawNode::BLOCK).unwrap_or(false);
+
+    Value::template(Node::RAW, move |ctx| {
+        let snapshot = ctx.state.clone();
+
+        if block {
+            ctx.push_parbreak();
+        }
+
+        ctx.set_monospace();
+        ctx.push_text(&text);
+
+        if block {
+            ctx.push_parbreak();
+        }
+
+        ctx.state = snapshot;
+    })
+}
diff --git a/src/library/mod.rs b/src/library/mod.rs
index b09f94a0..834c9625 100644
--- a/src/library/mod.rs
+++ b/src/library/mod.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 //! The standard library.
 //!
-//! Call [`new`] to obtain a [`Scope`] containing all standard library
+//! Call [`_new`] to obtain a [`Scope`] containing all standard library
 //! definitions.
 
 mod align;
 mod base;
 mod font;
 mod image;
+mod markup;
 mod pad;
 mod page;
 mod par;
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ pub use self::image::*;
 pub use align::*;
 pub use base::*;
 pub use font::*;
+pub use markup::*;
 pub use pad::*;
 pub use page::*;
 pub use par::*;
@@ -32,10 +34,10 @@ use crate::eval::{EvalContext, FuncArgs, TemplateValue, Value};
 use crate::exec::{Exec, ExecContext};
 use crate::geom::*;
 use crate::layout::VerticalFontMetric;
-use crate::syntax::Spanned;
+use crate::syntax::{Node, Spanned};
 
 /// Construct a scope containing all standard library definitions.
-pub fn new() -> Scope {
+pub fn _new() -> Scope {
     let mut std = Scope::new();
 
     macro_rules! func {
@@ -50,6 +52,15 @@ pub fn new() -> Scope {
         };
     }
 
+    // Syntax functions.
+    func!(Node::EMPH, emph);
+    func!(Node::HEADING, heading);
+    func!(Node::STRONG, strong);
+    func!(Node::RAW, raw);
+    func!(Node::LINEBREAK, linebreak);
+    func!(Node::PARBREAK, parbreak);
+
+    // Library functions.
     func!("align", align);
     func!("circle", circle);
     func!("ellipse", ellipse);
@@ -59,14 +70,15 @@ pub fn new() -> Scope {
     func!("pad", pad);
     func!("page", page);
     func!("pagebreak", pagebreak);
-    func!("paragraph", par);
-    func!("square", square);
+    func!("par", par);
     func!("rect", rect);
     func!("repr", repr);
     func!("rgb", rgb);
+    func!("square", square);
     func!("type", type_);
     func!("v", v);
 
+    // Constants.
     constant!("left", AlignValue::Left);
     constant!("center", AlignValue::Center);
     constant!("right", AlignValue::Right);
diff --git a/src/library/page.rs b/src/library/page.rs
index 067258f5..89722ba3 100644
--- a/src/library/page.rs
+++ b/src/library/page.rs
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ pub fn page(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
 /// `pagebreak`: Start a new page.
 ///
 /// # Return value
-/// A template that starts a new page.
+/// A template that inserts a page break.
 pub fn pagebreak(_: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
     let span = args.span;
     Value::template("pagebreak", move |ctx| {
diff --git a/src/library/par.rs b/src/library/par.rs
index a7db46de..0467af44 100644
--- a/src/library/par.rs
+++ b/src/library/par.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::*;
 
-/// `paragraph`: Configure paragraphs.
+/// `par`: Configure paragraphs.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
 /// - Body: optional, of type `template`.
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub fn par(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
     let word_spacing = args.get(ctx, "word-spacing");
     let body = args.find::<TemplateValue>(ctx);
 
-    Value::template("paragraph", move |ctx| {
+    Value::template("par", move |ctx| {
         let snapshot = ctx.state.clone();
 
         if let Some(spacing) = spacing {
diff --git a/src/library/spacing.rs b/src/library/spacing.rs
index c96b8be4..5e3b7743 100644
--- a/src/library/spacing.rs
+++ b/src/library/spacing.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use super::*;
 use crate::layout::SpacingNode;
 
-/// `h`: Add horizontal spacing.
+/// `h`: Insert horizontal spacing.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
 /// - Amount of spacing: of type `linear` relative to current font size.
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ pub fn h(ctx: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut FuncArgs) -> Value {
     spacing_impl(ctx, args, SpecAxis::Horizontal)
 }
 
-/// `v`: Add vertical spacing.
+/// `v`: Insert vertical spacing.
 ///
 /// # Positional parameters
 /// - Amount of spacing: of type `linear` relative to current font size.
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index 8b56512d..74ec743d 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
         resources: ResourceLoader::new(),
     };
 
-    let scope = library::new();
+    let scope = library::_new();
     let state = State::default();
 
     let Pass { output: frames, diags } = typeset(&mut env, &src, &scope, state);
diff --git a/src/parse/mod.rs b/src/parse/mod.rs
index ceb8a206..b4727fe9 100644
--- a/src/parse/mod.rs
+++ b/src/parse/mod.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ fn tree(p: &mut Parser) -> Tree {
     let mut tree = vec![];
     while !p.eof() {
         if let Some(node) = node(p, &mut at_start) {
-            if !matches!(node, Node::Parbreak | Node::Space) {
+            if !matches!(node, Node::Parbreak(_) | Node::Space) {
                 at_start = false;
             }
             tree.push(node);
@@ -43,19 +43,24 @@ fn tree(p: &mut Parser) -> Tree {
 /// Parse a syntax node.
 fn node(p: &mut Parser, at_start: &mut bool) -> Option<Node> {
     let token = p.peek()?;
+    let span = p.peek_span();
     let node = match token {
         // Whitespace.
         Token::Space(newlines) => {
             *at_start |= newlines > 0;
-            if newlines < 2 { Node::Space } else { Node::Parbreak }
+            if newlines < 2 {
+                Node::Space
+            } else {
+                Node::Parbreak(span)
+            }
         }
 
         // Text.
         Token::Text(text) => Node::Text(text.into()),
 
         // Markup.
-        Token::Star => Node::Strong,
-        Token::Underscore => Node::Emph,
+        Token::Star => Node::Strong(span),
+        Token::Underscore => Node::Emph(span),
         Token::Eq => {
             if *at_start {
                 return Some(heading(p));
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ fn node(p: &mut Parser, at_start: &mut bool) -> Option<Node> {
             }
         }
         Token::Tilde => Node::Text("\u{00A0}".into()),
-        Token::Backslash => Node::Linebreak,
+        Token::Backslash => Node::Linebreak(span),
         Token::Raw(t) => raw(p, t),
         Token::UnicodeEscape(t) => Node::Text(unicode_escape(p, t)),
 
@@ -120,28 +125,33 @@ fn heading(p: &mut Parser) -> Node {
     p.assert(Token::Eq);
 
     // Count depth.
-    let mut level: usize = 0;
+    let mut level: usize = 1;
     while p.eat_if(Token::Eq) {
         level += 1;
     }
 
-    if level > 5 {
+    if level > 6 {
         p.diag(warning!(start .. p.end(), "should not exceed depth 6"));
-        level = 5;
+        level = 6;
     }
 
     // Parse the heading contents.
-    let mut contents = vec![];
+    let mut tree = vec![];
     while p.check(|t| !matches!(t, Token::Space(n) if n >= 1)) {
-        contents.extend(node(p, &mut false));
+        tree.extend(node(p, &mut false));
     }
 
-    Node::Heading(HeadingNode { level, contents })
+    Node::Heading(HeadingNode {
+        span: p.span(start),
+        level,
+        contents: Rc::new(tree),
+    })
 }
 
 /// Handle a raw block.
 fn raw(p: &mut Parser, token: RawToken) -> Node {
-    let raw = resolve::resolve_raw(token.text, token.backticks, p.start());
+    let span = p.peek_span();
+    let raw = resolve::resolve_raw(span, token.text, token.backticks);
     if !token.terminated {
         p.diag(error!(p.peek_span().end, "expected backtick(s)"));
     }
@@ -280,17 +290,18 @@ fn primary(p: &mut Parser, atomic: bool) -> Option<Expr> {
 
 /// Parse a literal.
 fn literal(p: &mut Parser) -> Option<Expr> {
-    let kind = match p.peek()? {
+    let span = p.peek_span();
+    let expr = match p.peek()? {
         // Basic values.
-        Token::None => LitKind::None,
-        Token::Bool(b) => LitKind::Bool(b),
-        Token::Int(i) => LitKind::Int(i),
-        Token::Float(f) => LitKind::Float(f),
-        Token::Length(val, unit) => LitKind::Length(val, unit),
-        Token::Angle(val, unit) => LitKind::Angle(val, unit),
-        Token::Percent(p) => LitKind::Percent(p),
-        Token::Color(color) => LitKind::Color(color),
-        Token::Str(token) => LitKind::Str({
+        Token::None => Expr::None(span),
+        Token::Bool(b) => Expr::Bool(span, b),
+        Token::Int(i) => Expr::Int(span, i),
+        Token::Float(f) => Expr::Float(span, f),
+        Token::Length(val, unit) => Expr::Length(span, val, unit),
+        Token::Angle(val, unit) => Expr::Angle(span, val, unit),
+        Token::Percent(p) => Expr::Percent(span, p),
+        Token::Color(color) => Expr::Color(span, color),
+        Token::Str(token) => Expr::Str(span, {
             if !token.terminated {
                 p.expected_at("quote", p.peek_span().end);
             }
@@ -298,7 +309,8 @@ fn literal(p: &mut Parser) -> Option<Expr> {
         }),
         _ => return None,
     };
-    Some(Expr::Lit(Lit { span: p.eat_span(), kind }))
+    p.eat();
+    Some(expr)
 }
 
 /// Parse something that starts with a parenthesis, which can be either of:
diff --git a/src/parse/resolve.rs b/src/parse/resolve.rs
index 1f33198a..b3fdef4a 100644
--- a/src/parse/resolve.rs
+++ b/src/parse/resolve.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use super::{is_newline, Scanner};
-use crate::syntax::{Ident, Pos, RawNode};
+use crate::syntax::{Ident, RawNode, Span};
 
 /// Resolve all escape sequences in a string.
 pub fn resolve_string(string: &str) -> String {
@@ -47,19 +47,17 @@ pub fn resolve_hex(sequence: &str) -> Option<char> {
 }
 
 /// Resolve the language tag and trims the raw text.
-pub fn resolve_raw(text: &str, backticks: usize, start: Pos) -> RawNode {
+pub fn resolve_raw(span: Span, text: &str, backticks: usize) -> RawNode {
     if backticks > 1 {
         let (tag, inner) = split_at_lang_tag(text);
-        let (lines, had_newline) = trim_and_split_raw(inner);
-        RawNode {
-            lang: Ident::new(tag, start .. start + tag.len()),
-            lines,
-            block: had_newline,
-        }
+        let (text, block) = trim_and_split_raw(inner);
+        let lang = Ident::new(tag, span.start .. span.start + tag.len());
+        RawNode { span, lang, text, block }
     } else {
         RawNode {
+            span,
             lang: None,
-            lines: split_lines(text),
+            text: split_lines(text).join("\n"),
             block: false,
         }
     }
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ fn split_at_lang_tag(raw: &str) -> (&str, &str) {
 /// Trim raw text and splits it into lines.
 ///
 /// Returns whether at least one newline was contained in `raw`.
-fn trim_and_split_raw(mut raw: &str) -> (Vec<String>, bool) {
+fn trim_and_split_raw(mut raw: &str) -> (String, bool) {
     // Trims one space at the start.
     raw = raw.strip_prefix(' ').unwrap_or(raw);
 
@@ -87,8 +85,8 @@ fn trim_and_split_raw(mut raw: &str) -> (Vec<String>, bool) {
     }
 
     let mut lines = split_lines(raw);
-    let had_newline = lines.len() > 1;
     let is_whitespace = |line: &String| line.chars().all(char::is_whitespace);
+    let had_newline = lines.len() > 1;
 
     // Trims a sequence of whitespace followed by a newline at the start.
     if lines.first().map_or(false, is_whitespace) {
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ fn trim_and_split_raw(mut raw: &str) -> (Vec<String>, bool) {
         lines.pop();
     }
 
-    (lines, had_newline)
+    (lines.join("\n"), had_newline)
 }
 
 /// Split a string into a vector of lines
@@ -171,64 +169,53 @@ mod tests {
             raw: &str,
             backticks: usize,
             lang: Option<&str>,
-            lines: &[&str],
+            text: &str,
             block: bool,
         ) {
-            Span::without_cmp(|| assert_eq!(resolve_raw(raw, backticks, Pos(0)), RawNode {
-                lang: lang.and_then(|id| Ident::new(id, 0)),
-                lines: lines.iter().map(ToString::to_string).collect(),
-                block,
-            }));
+            Span::without_cmp(|| {
+                assert_eq!(resolve_raw(Span::ZERO, raw, backticks), RawNode {
+                    span: Span::ZERO,
+                    lang: lang.and_then(|id| Ident::new(id, 0)),
+                    text: text.into(),
+                    block,
+                });
+            });
         }
 
         // Just one backtick.
-        test("py",     1, None, &["py"],     false);
-        test("1\n2",   1, None, &["1", "2"], false);
-        test("1\r\n2", 1, None, &["1", "2"], false);
+        test("py",     1, None, "py",     false);
+        test("1\n2",   1, None, "1\n2", false);
+        test("1\r\n2", 1, None, "1\n2", false);
 
         // More than one backtick with lang tag.
-        test("js alert()",     2, Some("js"), &["alert()"],        false);
-        test("py quit(\n\n)",  3, Some("py"), &["quit(", "", ")"], true);
-        test("♥",              2, None,       &[],                 false);
+        test("js alert()",     2, Some("js"), "alert()",        false);
+        test("py quit(\n\n)",  3, Some("py"), "quit(\n\n)", true);
+        test("♥",              2, None,       "",               false);
 
         // Trimming of whitespace (tested more thoroughly in separate test).
-        test(" a",   2, None, &["a"],  false);
-        test("  a",  2, None, &[" a"], false);
-        test(" \na", 2, None, &["a"],  true);
+        test(" a",   2, None, "a",  false);
+        test("  a",  2, None, " a", false);
+        test(" \na", 2, None, "a",  true);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_trim_raw() {
         #[track_caller]
-        fn test(text: &str, expected: Vec<&str>) {
+        fn test(text: &str, expected: &str) {
             assert_eq!(trim_and_split_raw(text).0, expected);
         }
 
-        test(" hi",          vec!["hi"]);
-        test("  hi",         vec![" hi"]);
-        test("\nhi",         vec!["hi"]);
-        test("    \n hi",    vec![" hi"]);
-        test("hi` ",         vec!["hi`"]);
-        test("hi`  ",        vec!["hi` "]);
-        test("hi`   ",       vec!["hi`  "]);
-        test("hi ",          vec!["hi "]);
-        test("hi  ",         vec!["hi  "]);
-        test("hi\n",         vec!["hi"]);
-        test("hi \n   ",     vec!["hi "]);
-        test("  \n hi \n  ", vec![" hi "]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_split_lines() {
-        #[track_caller]
-        fn test(text: &str, expected: Vec<&str>) {
-            assert_eq!(split_lines(text), expected);
-        }
-
-        test("raw\ntext",  vec!["raw", "text"]);
-        test("a\r\nb",     vec!["a", "b"]);
-        test("a\n\nb",     vec!["a", "", "b"]);
-        test("a\r\x0Bb",   vec!["a", "", "b"]);
-        test("a\r\n\r\nb", vec!["a", "", "b"]);
+        test(" hi",          "hi");
+        test("  hi",         " hi");
+        test("\nhi",         "hi");
+        test("    \n hi",    " hi");
+        test("hi` ",         "hi`");
+        test("hi`  ",        "hi` ");
+        test("hi`   ",       "hi`  ");
+        test("hi ",          "hi ");
+        test("hi  ",         "hi  ");
+        test("hi\n",         "hi");
+        test("hi \n   ",     "hi ");
+        test("  \n hi \n  ", " hi ");
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/pretty.rs b/src/pretty.rs
index 1db54d10..4e03ed84 100644
--- a/src/pretty.rs
+++ b/src/pretty.rs
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ where
     p.finish()
 }
 
-/// Pretty print an item with an expression map and return the resulting string.
-pub fn pretty_with_map<T>(item: &T, map: &ExprMap) -> String
+/// Pretty print an item with a node map and return the resulting string.
+pub fn pretty_with_map<T>(item: &T, map: &NodeMap) -> String
 where
     T: PrettyWithMap + ?Sized,
 {
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@ pub trait Pretty {
     fn pretty(&self, p: &mut Printer);
 }
 
-/// Pretty print an item with an expression map that applies to it.
+/// Pretty print an item with a node map that applies to it.
 pub trait PrettyWithMap {
     /// Pretty print this item into the given printer.
-    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&ExprMap>);
+    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&NodeMap>);
 }
 
 impl<T> Pretty for T
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl Write for Printer {
 }
 
 impl PrettyWithMap for Tree {
-    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&ExprMap>) {
+    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&NodeMap>) {
         for node in self {
             node.pretty_with_map(p, map);
         }
@@ -112,20 +112,20 @@ impl PrettyWithMap for Tree {
 }
 
 impl PrettyWithMap for Node {
-    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&ExprMap>) {
+    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&NodeMap>) {
         match self {
-            Self::Strong => p.push('*'),
-            Self::Emph => p.push('_'),
-            Self::Space => p.push(' '),
-            Self::Linebreak => p.push_str(r"\"),
-            Self::Parbreak => p.push_str("\n\n"),
             // TODO: Handle escaping.
             Self::Text(text) => p.push_str(text),
+            Self::Space => p.push(' '),
+            Self::Strong(_) => p.push('*'),
+            Self::Emph(_) => p.push('_'),
+            Self::Linebreak(_) => p.push_str(r"\"),
+            Self::Parbreak(_) => p.push_str("\n\n"),
             Self::Heading(heading) => heading.pretty_with_map(p, map),
             Self::Raw(raw) => raw.pretty(p),
             Self::Expr(expr) => {
                 if let Some(map) = map {
-                    let value = &map[&(expr as *const _)];
+                    let value = &map[&(self as *const _)];
                     value.pretty(p);
                 } else {
                     if expr.has_short_form() {
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ impl PrettyWithMap for Node {
 }
 
 impl PrettyWithMap for HeadingNode {
-    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&ExprMap>) {
-        for _ in 0 ..= self.level {
+    fn pretty_with_map(&self, p: &mut Printer, map: Option<&NodeMap>) {
+        for _ in 0 .. self.level {
             p.push('=');
         }
         self.contents.pretty_with_map(p, map);
@@ -158,17 +158,14 @@ impl Pretty for RawNode {
         }
 
         // More backticks may be required if there are lots of consecutive
-        // backticks in the lines.
-        let mut count;
-        for line in &self.lines {
-            count = 0;
-            for c in line.chars() {
-                if c == '`' {
-                    count += 1;
-                    backticks = backticks.max(3).max(count + 1);
-                } else {
-                    count = 0;
-                }
+        // backticks.
+        let mut count = 0;
+        for c in self.text.chars() {
+            if c == '`' {
+                count += 1;
+                backticks = backticks.max(3).max(count + 1);
+            } else {
+                count = 0;
             }
         }
 
@@ -190,12 +187,12 @@ impl Pretty for RawNode {
         }
 
         // The lines.
-        p.join(&self.lines, "\n", |line, p| p.push_str(line));
+        p.push_str(&self.text);
 
         // End untrimming.
         if self.block {
             p.push('\n');
-        } else if self.lines.last().map_or(false, |line| line.trim_end().ends_with('`')) {
+        } else if self.text.trim_end().ends_with('`') {
             p.push(' ');
         }
 
@@ -209,7 +206,15 @@ impl Pretty for RawNode {
 impl Pretty for Expr {
     fn pretty(&self, p: &mut Printer) {
         match self {
-            Self::Lit(v) => v.pretty(p),
+            Self::None(_) => p.push_str("none"),
+            Self::Bool(_, v) => v.pretty(p),
+            Self::Int(_, v) => v.pretty(p),
+            Self::Float(_, v) => v.pretty(p),
+            Self::Length(_, v, u) => write!(p, "{}{}", v, u).unwrap(),
+            Self::Angle(_, v, u) => write!(p, "{}{}", v, u).unwrap(),
+            Self::Percent(_, v) => write!(p, "{}%", v).unwrap(),
+            Self::Color(_, v) => v.pretty(p),
+            Self::Str(_, v) => v.pretty(p),
             Self::Ident(v) => v.pretty(p),
             Self::Array(v) => v.pretty(p),
             Self::Dict(v) => v.pretty(p),
@@ -228,28 +233,6 @@ impl Pretty for Expr {
     }
 }
 
-impl Pretty for Lit {
-    fn pretty(&self, p: &mut Printer) {
-        self.kind.pretty(p);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Pretty for LitKind {
-    fn pretty(&self, p: &mut Printer) {
-        match self {
-            Self::None => p.push_str("none"),
-            Self::Bool(v) => v.pretty(p),
-            Self::Int(v) => v.pretty(p),
-            Self::Float(v) => v.pretty(p),
-            Self::Length(v, u) => write!(p, "{}{}", v, u).unwrap(),
-            Self::Angle(v, u) => write!(p, "{}{}", v, u).unwrap(),
-            Self::Percent(v) => write!(p, "{}%", v).unwrap(),
-            Self::Color(v) => v.pretty(p),
-            Self::Str(v) => v.pretty(p),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Pretty for ArrayExpr {
     fn pretty(&self, p: &mut Printer) {
         p.push('(');
@@ -784,7 +767,7 @@ mod tests {
         test_value(
             vec![
                 TemplateNode::Tree {
-                    tree: Rc::new(vec![Node::Strong]),
+                    tree: Rc::new(vec![Node::Strong(Span::ZERO)]),
                     map: HashMap::new(),
                 },
                 TemplateNode::Func(TemplateFunc::new("example", |_| {})),
diff --git a/src/syntax/expr.rs b/src/syntax/expr.rs
index 2c631991..97361fc3 100644
--- a/src/syntax/expr.rs
+++ b/src/syntax/expr.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,27 @@ use crate::geom::{AngularUnit, LengthUnit};
 /// An expression.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Expr {
-    /// A literal, like `11pt` or `"hi"`.
-    Lit(Lit),
+    /// The none literal: `none`.
+    None(Span),
+    /// A boolean literal: `true`, `false`.
+    Bool(Span, bool),
+    /// An integer literal: `120`.
+    Int(Span, i64),
+    /// A floating-point literal: `1.2`, `10e-4`.
+    Float(Span, f64),
+    /// A length literal: `12pt`, `3cm`.
+    Length(Span, f64, LengthUnit),
+    /// An angle literal:  `1.5rad`, `90deg`.
+    Angle(Span, f64, AngularUnit),
+    /// A percent literal: `50%`.
+    ///
+    /// _Note_: `50%` is stored as `50.0` here, but as `0.5` in the
+    /// corresponding [value](crate::geom::Relative).
+    Percent(Span, f64),
+    /// A color literal: `#ffccee`.
+    Color(Span, RgbaColor),
+    /// A string literal: `"hello!"`.
+    Str(Span, String),
     /// An identifier: `left`.
     Ident(Ident),
     /// An array expression: `(1, "hi", 12cm)`.
@@ -42,22 +61,30 @@ pub enum Expr {
 impl Expr {
     /// The source code location.
     pub fn span(&self) -> Span {
-        match self {
-            Self::Lit(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Ident(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Array(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Dict(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Template(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Group(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Block(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Unary(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Binary(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Call(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Closure(v) => v.span,
-            Self::Let(v) => v.span,
-            Self::If(v) => v.span,
-            Self::While(v) => v.span,
-            Self::For(v) => v.span,
+        match *self {
+            Self::None(span) => span,
+            Self::Bool(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Int(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Float(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Length(span, _, _) => span,
+            Self::Angle(span, _, _) => span,
+            Self::Percent(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Color(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Str(span, _) => span,
+            Self::Ident(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Array(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Dict(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Template(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Group(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Block(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Unary(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Binary(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Call(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Closure(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::Let(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::If(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::While(ref v) => v.span,
+            Self::For(ref v) => v.span,
         }
     }
 
@@ -74,41 +101,6 @@ impl Expr {
     }
 }
 
-/// A literal, like `11pt` or `"hi"`.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Lit {
-    /// The source code location.
-    pub span: Span,
-    /// The kind of literal.
-    pub kind: LitKind,
-}
-
-/// A kind of literal.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub enum LitKind {
-    /// The none literal: `none`.
-    None,
-    /// A boolean literal: `true`, `false`.
-    Bool(bool),
-    /// An integer literal: `120`.
-    Int(i64),
-    /// A floating-point literal: `1.2`, `10e-4`.
-    Float(f64),
-    /// A length literal: `12pt`, `3cm`.
-    Length(f64, LengthUnit),
-    /// An angle literal:  `1.5rad`, `90deg`.
-    Angle(f64, AngularUnit),
-    /// A percent literal: `50%`.
-    ///
-    /// _Note_: `50%` is stored as `50.0` here, but as `0.5` in the
-    /// corresponding [value](crate::geom::Relative).
-    Percent(f64),
-    /// A color literal: `#ffccee`.
-    Color(RgbaColor),
-    /// A string literal: `"hello!"`.
-    Str(String),
-}
-
 /// An array expression: `(1, "hi", 12cm)`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ArrayExpr {
diff --git a/src/syntax/node.rs b/src/syntax/node.rs
index c94ee5b0..537a5686 100644
--- a/src/syntax/node.rs
+++ b/src/syntax/node.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,84 @@
+use std::rc::Rc;
+
 use super::*;
 
 /// A syntax node, encompassing a single logical entity of parsed source code.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub enum Node {
-    /// Strong text was enabled / disabled.
-    Strong,
-    /// Emphasized text was enabled / disabled.
-    Emph,
-    /// Whitespace containing less than two newlines.
-    Space,
-    /// A forced line break.
-    Linebreak,
-    /// A paragraph break.
-    Parbreak,
     /// Plain text.
     Text(String),
-    /// A section heading.
+    /// Whitespace containing less than two newlines.
+    Space,
+    /// A forced line break: `\`.
+    Linebreak(Span),
+    /// A paragraph break: Two or more newlines.
+    Parbreak(Span),
+    /// Strong text was enabled / disabled: `*`.
+    Strong(Span),
+    /// Emphasized text was enabled / disabled: `_`.
+    Emph(Span),
+    /// A section heading: `= Introduction`.
     Heading(HeadingNode),
-    /// An optionally syntax-highlighted raw block.
+    /// A raw block with optional syntax highlighting: `` `...` ``.
     Raw(RawNode),
     /// An expression.
     Expr(Expr),
 }
 
+impl Node {
+    // The names of the corresponding library functions.
+    pub const LINEBREAK: &'static str = "linebreak";
+    pub const PARBREAK: &'static str = "parbreak";
+    pub const STRONG: &'static str = "strong";
+    pub const EMPH: &'static str = "emph";
+    pub const HEADING: &'static str = "heading";
+    pub const RAW: &'static str = "raw";
+
+    /// Desugar markup into a function call.
+    pub fn desugar(&self) -> Option<CallExpr> {
+        match *self {
+            Node::Text(_) => None,
+            Node::Space => None,
+            Node::Linebreak(span) => Some(call(span, Self::LINEBREAK)),
+            Node::Parbreak(span) => Some(call(span, Self::PARBREAK)),
+            Node::Strong(span) => Some(call(span, Self::STRONG)),
+            Node::Emph(span) => Some(call(span, Self::EMPH)),
+            Self::Heading(ref heading) => Some(heading.desugar()),
+            Self::Raw(ref raw) => Some(raw.desugar()),
+            Node::Expr(_) => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// A section heading: `= Introduction`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct HeadingNode {
-    /// The section depth (numer of equals signs minus 1).
+    /// The source code location.
+    pub span: Span,
+    /// The section depth (numer of equals signs).
     pub level: usize,
     /// The contents of the heading.
-    pub contents: Tree,
+    pub contents: Rc<Tree>,
+}
+
+impl HeadingNode {
+    pub const LEVEL: &'static str = "level";
+    pub const BODY: &'static str = "body";
+
+    /// Desugar into a function call.
+    pub fn desugar(&self) -> CallExpr {
+        let Self { span, level, ref contents } = *self;
+        let mut call = call(span, Node::HEADING);
+        call.args.items.push(CallArg::Named(Named {
+            name: ident(span, Self::LEVEL),
+            expr: Expr::Int(span, level as i64),
+        }));
+        call.args.items.push(CallArg::Pos(Expr::Template(TemplateExpr {
+            span,
+            tree: Rc::clone(&contents),
+        })));
+        call
+    }
 }
 
 /// A raw block with optional syntax highlighting: `` `...` ``.
@@ -97,12 +146,50 @@ pub struct HeadingNode {
 /// whitespace simply by adding more spaces.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub struct RawNode {
+    /// The source code location.
+    pub span: Span,
     /// An optional identifier specifying the language to syntax-highlight in.
     pub lang: Option<Ident>,
-    /// The lines of raw text, determined as the raw string between the
-    /// backticks trimmed according to the above rules and split at newlines.
-    pub lines: Vec<String>,
+    /// The raw text, determined as the raw string between the backticks trimmed
+    /// according to the above rules.
+    pub text: String,
     /// Whether the element is block-level, that is, it has 3+ backticks
     /// and contains at least one newline.
     pub block: bool,
 }
+
+impl RawNode {
+    pub const LANG: &'static str = "lang";
+    pub const BLOCK: &'static str = "block";
+    pub const TEXT: &'static str = "text";
+
+    /// Desugar into a function call.
+    pub fn desugar(&self) -> CallExpr {
+        let Self { span, ref lang, ref text, block } = *self;
+        let mut call = call(span, Node::RAW);
+        if let Some(lang) = lang {
+            call.args.items.push(CallArg::Named(Named {
+                name: ident(span, Self::LANG),
+                expr: Expr::Str(span, lang.string.clone()),
+            }));
+        }
+        call.args.items.push(CallArg::Named(Named {
+            name: ident(span, Self::BLOCK),
+            expr: Expr::Bool(span, block),
+        }));
+        call.args.items.push(CallArg::Pos(Expr::Str(span, text.clone())));
+        call
+    }
+}
+
+fn call(span: Span, name: &str) -> CallExpr {
+    CallExpr {
+        span,
+        callee: Box::new(Expr::Ident(Ident { span, string: name.into() })),
+        args: CallArgs { span, items: vec![] },
+    }
+}
+
+fn ident(span: Span, string: &str) -> Ident {
+    Ident { span, string: string.into() }
+}
diff --git a/src/syntax/token.rs b/src/syntax/token.rs
index 832c923d..40e1d6d2 100644
--- a/src/syntax/token.rs
+++ b/src/syntax/token.rs
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ pub enum Token<'s> {
     /// A percentage: `50%`.
     ///
     /// _Note_: `50%` is stored as `50.0` here, as in the corresponding
-    /// [literal](super::LitKind::Percent).
+    /// [literal](super::Expr::Percent).
     Percent(f64),
     /// A color value: `#20d82a`.
     Color(RgbaColor),
diff --git a/src/syntax/visit.rs b/src/syntax/visit.rs
index 04546c5d..9c1272ee 100644
--- a/src/syntax/visit.rs
+++ b/src/syntax/visit.rs
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@ visit! {
 
     fn visit_node(v, node: &Node) {
         match node {
-            Node::Strong => {}
-            Node::Emph => {}
-            Node::Space => {}
-            Node::Linebreak => {}
-            Node::Parbreak => {}
             Node::Text(_) => {}
-            Node::Heading(n) => v.visit_tree(&n.contents),
+            Node::Space => {}
+            Node::Strong(_) => {}
+            Node::Linebreak(_) => {}
+            Node::Parbreak(_) => {}
+            Node::Emph(_) => {}
+            Node::Heading(heading) => v.visit_tree(&heading.contents),
             Node::Raw(_) => {}
             Node::Expr(expr) => v.visit_expr(expr),
         }
@@ -64,7 +64,15 @@ visit! {
 
     fn visit_expr(v, node: &Expr) {
         match node {
-            Expr::Lit(_) => {}
+            Expr::None(_) => {}
+            Expr::Bool(_, _) => {}
+            Expr::Int(_, _) => {}
+            Expr::Float(_, _) => {}
+            Expr::Length(_, _, _) => {}
+            Expr::Angle(_, _, _) => {}
+            Expr::Percent(_, _) => {}
+            Expr::Color(_, _) => {}
+            Expr::Str(_, _) => {}
             Expr::Ident(_) => {}
             Expr::Array(e) => v.visit_array(e),
             Expr::Dict(e) => v.visit_dict(e),