Typesafe conversions in stack & line layouters 🍮

6 files changed, 197 insertions, 223 deletions

diff --git a/src/geom.rs b/src/geom.rs
index d69797b0..27cc87e9 100644
--- a/src/geom.rs
+++ b/src/geom.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ pub use kurbo::*;
 use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Formatter};
 use std::ops::*;
 
-use crate::layout::primitive::{Dir, Gen2, GenAlign, Get, Side, SpecAxis};
+use crate::layout::{Dir, Gen2, GenAlign, Get, Side, Spec2, SpecAxis, Switch};
 
-macro_rules! impl_get_2d {
+macro_rules! impl_2d {
     ($t:ty, $x:ident, $y:ident) => {
         impl Get<SpecAxis> for $t {
             type Component = f64;
@@ -27,12 +27,20 @@ macro_rules! impl_get_2d {
                 }
             }
         }
+
+        impl Switch for $t {
+            type Other = Gen2<f64>;
+
+            fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
+                Spec2::new(self.$x, self.$y).switch(dirs)
+            }
+        }
     };
 }
 
-impl_get_2d!(Point, x, y);
-impl_get_2d!(Vec2, x, y);
-impl_get_2d!(Size, width, height);
+impl_2d!(Point, x, y);
+impl_2d!(Vec2, x, y);
+impl_2d!(Size, width, height);
 
 impl Get<Side> for Rect {
     type Component = f64;
@@ -60,61 +68,36 @@ impl Get<Side> for Rect {
 ///
 /// [sizes]: ../../kurbo/struct.Size.html
 pub trait SizeExt {
-    /// Returns the generalized version of a `Size` based on the current
-    /// directions.
-    ///
-    /// In the generalized version:
-    /// - `x` describes the cross axis instead of the horizontal one.
-    /// - `y` describes the main axis instead of the vertical one.
-    fn generalized(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self;
-
-    /// Returns the specialized version of this generalized `Size` (inverse to
-    /// `generalized`).
-    fn specialized(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self;
-
     /// Whether the given size fits into this one, that is, both coordinate
     /// values are smaller or equal.
     fn fits(self, other: Self) -> bool;
 
     /// The anchor position for an object to be aligned in a container with this
     /// size and the given directions.
-    ///
-    /// This assumes the size to be generalized such that `width` corresponds to
-    /// the cross and `height` to the main axis.
     fn anchor(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) -> Point;
 }
 
 impl SizeExt for Size {
-    fn generalized(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self {
-        match dirs.main.axis() {
-            SpecAxis::Horizontal => Self::new(self.height, self.width),
-            SpecAxis::Vertical => self,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn specialized(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self {
-        // Even though generalized is its own inverse, we still have this second
-        // function, for clarity at the call-site.
-        self.generalized(dirs)
-    }
-
     fn fits(self, other: Self) -> bool {
         self.width >= other.width && self.height >= other.height
     }
 
     fn anchor(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) -> Point {
         fn anchor(length: f64, dir: Dir, align: GenAlign) -> f64 {
-            match (dir.is_positive(), align) {
-                (true, GenAlign::Start) | (false, GenAlign::End) => 0.0,
-                (_, GenAlign::Center) => length / 2.0,
-                (true, GenAlign::End) | (false, GenAlign::Start) => length,
+            match if dir.is_positive() { align } else { align.inv() } {
+                GenAlign::Start => 0.0,
+                GenAlign::Center => length / 2.0,
+                GenAlign::End => length,
             }
         }
 
-        Point::new(
-            anchor(self.width, dirs.cross, aligns.cross),
-            anchor(self.height, dirs.main, aligns.main),
-        )
+        let switched = self.switch(dirs);
+        let generic = Gen2::new(
+            anchor(switched.main, dirs.main, aligns.main),
+            anchor(switched.cross, dirs.cross, aligns.cross),
+        );
+
+        generic.switch(dirs).to_point()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/layout/line.rs b/src/layout/line.rs
index c1b5920f..ae3bd969 100644
--- a/src/layout/line.rs
+++ b/src/layout/line.rs
@@ -49,11 +49,12 @@ impl LineLayouter {
 
     /// Add a layout.
     pub fn add(&mut self, layout: BoxLayout, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) {
+        let dirs = self.ctx.dirs;
         if let Some(prev) = self.run.aligns {
             if aligns.main != prev.main {
                 // TODO: Issue warning for non-fitting alignment in
                 // non-repeating context.
-                let fitting = self.stack.is_fitting_alignment(aligns);
+                let fitting = aligns.main >= self.stack.space.allowed_align;
                 if !fitting && self.ctx.repeat {
                     self.finish_space(true);
                 } else {
@@ -62,20 +63,20 @@ impl LineLayouter {
             } else if aligns.cross < prev.cross {
                 self.finish_line();
             } else if aligns.cross > prev.cross {
-                let mut rest_run = LineRun::new();
+                let usable = self.stack.usable().get(dirs.cross.axis());
 
-                let usable = self.stack.usable().get(self.ctx.dirs.cross.axis());
+                let mut rest_run = LineRun::new();
+                rest_run.size.main = self.run.size.main;
                 rest_run.usable = Some(match aligns.cross {
                     GenAlign::Start => unreachable!("start > x"),
-                    GenAlign::Center => usable - 2.0 * self.run.size.width,
-                    GenAlign::End => usable - self.run.size.width,
+                    GenAlign::Center => usable - 2.0 * self.run.size.cross,
+                    GenAlign::End => usable - self.run.size.cross,
                 });
 
-                rest_run.size.height = self.run.size.height;
-
                 self.finish_line();
-                self.stack.add_spacing(-rest_run.size.height, SpacingKind::Hard);
 
+                // Move back up in the stack layouter.
+                self.stack.add_spacing(-rest_run.size.main, SpacingKind::Hard);
                 self.run = rest_run;
             }
         }
@@ -84,24 +85,26 @@ impl LineLayouter {
             self.add_cross_spacing(spacing, SpacingKind::Hard);
         }
 
-        let size = layout.size.generalized(self.ctx.dirs);
+        let size = layout.size.switch(dirs);
+        let usable = self.usable();
 
-        if !self.usable().fits(size) {
+        if usable.main < size.main || usable.cross < size.cross {
             if !self.line_is_empty() {
                 self.finish_line();
             }
 
             // TODO: Issue warning about overflow if there is overflow.
-            if !self.usable().fits(size) {
+            let usable = self.usable();
+            if usable.main < size.main || usable.cross < size.cross {
                 self.stack.skip_to_fitting_space(layout.size);
             }
         }
 
         self.run.aligns = Some(aligns);
-        self.run.layouts.push((self.run.size.width, layout));
+        self.run.layouts.push((self.run.size.cross, layout));
 
-        self.run.size.width += size.width;
-        self.run.size.height = self.run.size.height.max(size.height);
+        self.run.size.cross += size.cross;
+        self.run.size.main = self.run.size.main.max(size.main);
         self.run.last_spacing = LastSpacing::None;
     }
 
@@ -109,16 +112,16 @@ impl LineLayouter {
     ///
     /// This specifies how much more would fit before a line break would be
     /// needed.
-    fn usable(&self) -> Size {
+    fn usable(&self) -> Gen2<f64> {
         // The base is the usable space of the stack layouter.
-        let mut usable = self.stack.usable().generalized(self.ctx.dirs);
+        let mut usable = self.stack.usable().switch(self.ctx.dirs);
 
         // If there was another run already, override the stack's size.
         if let Some(cross) = self.run.usable {
-            usable.width = cross;
+            usable.cross = cross;
         }
 
-        usable.width -= self.run.size.width;
+        usable.cross -= self.run.size.cross;
         usable
     }
 
@@ -132,8 +135,8 @@ impl LineLayouter {
     pub fn add_cross_spacing(&mut self, mut spacing: f64, kind: SpacingKind) {
         match kind {
             SpacingKind::Hard => {
-                spacing = spacing.min(self.usable().width);
-                self.run.size.width += spacing;
+                spacing = spacing.min(self.usable().cross);
+                self.run.size.cross += spacing;
                 self.run.last_spacing = LastSpacing::Hard;
             }
 
@@ -171,13 +174,13 @@ impl LineLayouter {
     /// it will fit into this layouter's underlying stack.
     pub fn remaining(&self) -> Vec<LayoutSpace> {
         let mut spaces = self.stack.remaining();
-        *spaces[0].size.get_mut(self.ctx.dirs.main.axis()) -= self.run.size.height;
+        *spaces[0].size.get_mut(self.ctx.dirs.main.axis()) -= self.run.size.main;
         spaces
     }
 
     /// Whether the currently set line is empty.
     pub fn line_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
-        self.run.size == Size::ZERO && self.run.layouts.is_empty()
+        self.run.size == Gen2::ZERO && self.run.layouts.is_empty()
     }
 
     /// Finish everything up and return the final collection of boxes.
@@ -196,19 +199,20 @@ impl LineLayouter {
 
     /// Finish the active line and start a new one.
     pub fn finish_line(&mut self) {
-        let mut layout = BoxLayout::new(self.run.size.specialized(self.ctx.dirs));
+        let dirs = self.ctx.dirs;
+
+        let mut layout = BoxLayout::new(self.run.size.switch(dirs).to_size());
         let aligns = self.run.aligns.unwrap_or_default();
-        let cross = self.ctx.dirs.cross;
 
-        let layouts = std::mem::take(&mut self.run.layouts);
-        for (offset, child) in layouts {
-            let mut pos = Point::ZERO;
-            *pos.get_mut(cross.axis()) = if cross.is_positive() {
+        let children = std::mem::take(&mut self.run.layouts);
+        for (offset, child) in children {
+            let cross = if dirs.cross.is_positive() {
                 offset
             } else {
-                self.run.size.width - offset - child.size.get(cross.axis())
+                self.run.size.cross - offset - child.size.get(dirs.cross.axis())
             };
 
+            let pos = Gen2::new(0.0, cross).switch(dirs).to_point();
             layout.push_layout(pos, child);
         }
 
@@ -231,15 +235,15 @@ struct LineRun {
     /// The so-far accumulated items of the run.
     layouts: Vec<(f64, BoxLayout)>,
     /// The summed width and maximal height of the run.
-    size: Size,
+    size: Gen2<f64>,
     /// The alignment of all layouts in the line.
     ///
     /// When a new run is created the alignment is yet to be determined and
     /// `None` as such. Once a layout is added, its alignment decides the
     /// alignment for the whole run.
     aligns: Option<Gen2<GenAlign>>,
-    /// The amount of space left by another run on the same line or `None` if
-    /// this is the only run so far.
+    /// The amount of cross-space left by another run on the same line or `None`
+    /// if this is the only run so far.
     usable: Option<f64>,
     /// The spacing state. This influences how new spacing is handled, e.g. hard
     /// spacing may override soft spacing.
@@ -250,7 +254,7 @@ impl LineRun {
     fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             layouts: vec![],
-            size: Size::ZERO,
+            size: Gen2::ZERO,
             aligns: None,
             usable: None,
             last_spacing: LastSpacing::Hard,
diff --git a/src/layout/primitive.rs b/src/layout/primitive.rs
index 549c1f29..f932b85b 100644
--- a/src/layout/primitive.rs
+++ b/src/layout/primitive.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 use std::fmt::{self, Display, Formatter};
 
+use crate::geom::{Point, Size, Vec2};
+
 /// Generic access to a structure's components.
 pub trait Get<Index> {
     /// The structure's component type.
@@ -14,36 +16,16 @@ pub trait Get<Index> {
     fn get_mut(&mut self, index: Index) -> &mut Self::Component;
 }
 
-/// Convert a type into its generic representation.
+/// Switch between the specific and generic representations of a type.
 ///
 /// The generic representation deals with main and cross axes while the specific
 /// representation deals with horizontal and vertical axes.
-///
-/// See also [`ToSpec`] for the inverse conversion.
-///
-/// [`ToSpec`]: trait.ToSpec.html
-pub trait ToGen {
-    /// The generic version of this type.
-    type Output;
+pub trait Switch {
+    /// The type of the other version.
+    type Other;
 
-    /// The generic version of this type based on the current directions.
-    fn to_gen(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output;
-}
-
-/// Convert a type into its specific representation.
-///
-/// The specific representation deals with horizontal and vertical axes while
-/// the generic representation deals with main and cross axes.
-///
-/// See also [`ToGen`] for the inverse conversion.
-///
-/// [`ToGen`]: trait.ToGen.html
-pub trait ToSpec {
-    /// The specific version of this type.
-    type Output;
-
-    /// The specific version of this type based on the current directions.
-    fn to_spec(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output;
+    /// The other version of this type based on the current directions.
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other;
 }
 
 /// The four directions into which content can be laid out.
@@ -68,6 +50,26 @@ impl Dir {
         }
     }
 
+    /// The side this direction starts at.
+    pub fn start(self) -> Side {
+        match self {
+            Self::LTR => Side::Left,
+            Self::RTL => Side::Right,
+            Self::TTB => Side::Top,
+            Self::BTT => Side::Bottom,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The side this direction ends at.
+    pub fn end(self) -> Side {
+        match self {
+            Self::LTR => Side::Right,
+            Self::RTL => Side::Left,
+            Self::TTB => Side::Bottom,
+            Self::BTT => Side::Top,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Whether this direction points into the positive coordinate direction.
     ///
     /// The positive directions are left-to-right and top-to-bottom.
@@ -86,23 +88,6 @@ impl Dir {
         if self.is_positive() { 1.0 } else { -1.0 }
     }
 
-    /// The side of this direction the alignment identifies.
-    ///
-    /// `Center` alignment is treated the same as `Start` alignment.
-    pub fn side(self, align: GenAlign) -> Side {
-        let start = match self {
-            Self::LTR => Side::Left,
-            Self::RTL => Side::Right,
-            Self::TTB => Side::Top,
-            Self::BTT => Side::Bottom,
-        };
-
-        match align {
-            GenAlign::Start | GenAlign::Center => start,
-            GenAlign::End => start.inv(),
-        }
-    }
-
     /// The inverse direction.
     pub fn inv(self) -> Self {
         match self {
@@ -159,10 +144,10 @@ impl<T> Get<GenAxis> for Gen2<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> ToSpec for Gen2<T> {
-    type Output = Spec2<T>;
+impl<T> Switch for Gen2<T> {
+    type Other = Spec2<T>;
 
-    fn to_spec(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
         match dirs.main.axis() {
             SpecAxis::Horizontal => Spec2::new(self.main, self.cross),
             SpecAxis::Vertical => Spec2::new(self.cross, self.main),
@@ -170,6 +155,11 @@ impl<T> ToSpec for Gen2<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl Gen2<f64> {
+    /// The instance that has both components set to zero.
+    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { main: 0.0, cross: 0.0 };
+}
+
 /// A generic container with two components for the two specific axes.
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct Spec2<T> {
@@ -204,10 +194,10 @@ impl<T> Get<SpecAxis> for Spec2<T> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> ToGen for Spec2<T> {
-    type Output = Gen2<T>;
+impl<T> Switch for Spec2<T> {
+    type Other = Gen2<T>;
 
-    fn to_gen(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
         match dirs.main.axis() {
             SpecAxis::Horizontal => Gen2::new(self.horizontal, self.vertical),
             SpecAxis::Vertical => Gen2::new(self.vertical, self.horizontal),
@@ -215,6 +205,26 @@ impl<T> ToGen for Spec2<T> {
     }
 }
 
+impl Spec2<f64> {
+    /// The instance that has both components set to zero.
+    pub const ZERO: Self = Self { horizontal: 0.0, vertical: 0.0 };
+
+    /// Convert to a 2D vector.
+    pub fn to_vec2(self) -> Vec2 {
+        Vec2::new(self.horizontal, self.vertical)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert to a point.
+    pub fn to_point(self) -> Point {
+        Point::new(self.horizontal, self.vertical)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert to a size.
+    pub fn to_size(self) -> Size {
+        Size::new(self.horizontal, self.vertical)
+    }
+}
+
 /// The two generic layouting axes.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum GenAxis {
@@ -234,10 +244,10 @@ impl GenAxis {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToSpec for GenAxis {
-    type Output = SpecAxis;
+impl Switch for GenAxis {
+    type Other = SpecAxis;
 
-    fn to_spec(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
         match self {
             Self::Main => dirs.main.axis(),
             Self::Cross => dirs.cross.axis(),
@@ -273,10 +283,10 @@ impl SpecAxis {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToGen for SpecAxis {
-    type Output = GenAxis;
+impl Switch for SpecAxis {
+    type Other = GenAxis;
 
-    fn to_gen(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output {
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
         if self == dirs.main.axis() {
             GenAxis::Main
         } else {
@@ -366,11 +376,10 @@ impl SpecAlign {
     }
 }
 
-impl ToGen for SpecAlign {
-    type Output = GenAlign;
+impl Switch for SpecAlign {
+    type Other = GenAlign;
 
-    fn to_gen(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Output {
-        let dirs = dirs.to_spec(dirs);
+    fn switch(self, dirs: Gen2<Dir>) -> Self::Other {
         let get = |dir: Dir, at_positive_start| {
             if dir.is_positive() == at_positive_start {
                 GenAlign::Start
@@ -379,6 +388,7 @@ impl ToGen for SpecAlign {
             }
         };
 
+        let dirs = dirs.switch(dirs);
         match self {
             Self::Left => get(dirs.horizontal, true),
             Self::Right => get(dirs.horizontal, false),
diff --git a/src/layout/stack.rs b/src/layout/stack.rs
index aac72ece..ab131b75 100644
--- a/src/layout/stack.rs
+++ b/src/layout/stack.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub struct StackLayouter {
     /// The finished layouts.
     layouts: Vec<BoxLayout>,
     /// The in-progress space.
-    space: Space,
+    pub(super) space: Space,
 }
 
 /// The context for stack layouting.
@@ -57,30 +57,31 @@ impl StackLayouter {
     /// Add a layout to the stack.
     pub fn add(&mut self, layout: BoxLayout, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) {
         // If the alignment cannot be fitted in this space, finish it.
+        //
         // TODO: Issue warning for non-fitting alignment in non-repeating
-        // context.
-        if !self.update_rulers(aligns) && self.ctx.repeat {
+        //       context.
+        if aligns.main < self.space.allowed_align && self.ctx.repeat {
             self.finish_space(true);
         }
 
-        // Now, we add a possibly cached soft space. If the main alignment
-        // changed before, a possibly cached space would have already been
-        // discarded.
+        // Add a possibly cached soft spacing.
         if let LastSpacing::Soft(spacing, _) = self.space.last_spacing {
             self.add_spacing(spacing, SpacingKind::Hard);
         }
 
-        // TODO: Issue warning about overflow if there is overflow.
+        // TODO: Issue warning about overflow if there is overflow in a
+        //       non-repeating context.
         if !self.space.usable.fits(layout.size) && self.ctx.repeat {
             self.skip_to_fitting_space(layout.size);
         }
 
         // Change the usable space and size of the space.
-        self.update_metrics(layout.size.generalized(self.ctx.dirs));
+        self.update_metrics(layout.size.switch(self.ctx.dirs));
 
         // Add the box to the vector and remember that spacings are allowed
         // again.
         self.space.layouts.push((layout, aligns));
+        self.space.allowed_align = aligns.main;
         self.space.last_spacing = LastSpacing::None;
     }
 
@@ -93,10 +94,10 @@ impl StackLayouter {
                 let axis = self.ctx.dirs.main.axis();
                 spacing = spacing.min(self.space.usable.get(axis));
 
-                let size = Size::new(0.0, spacing);
+                let size = Gen2::new(spacing, 0.0);
                 self.update_metrics(size);
                 self.space.layouts.push((
-                    BoxLayout::new(size.specialized(self.ctx.dirs)),
+                    BoxLayout::new(size.switch(self.ctx.dirs).to_size()),
                     Gen2::default(),
                 ));
 
@@ -119,40 +120,18 @@ impl StackLayouter {
         }
     }
 
-    fn update_metrics(&mut self, added: Size) {
-        let mut size = self.space.size.generalized(self.ctx.dirs);
-        let mut extra = self.space.extra.generalized(self.ctx.dirs);
+    fn update_metrics(&mut self, added: Gen2<f64>) {
+        let mut size = self.space.size.switch(self.ctx.dirs);
+        let mut extra = self.space.extra.switch(self.ctx.dirs);
 
-        size.width += (added.width - extra.width).max(0.0);
-        size.height += (added.height - extra.height).max(0.0);
-        extra.width = extra.width.max(added.width);
-        extra.height = (extra.height - added.height).max(0.0);
+        size.cross += (added.cross - extra.cross).max(0.0);
+        size.main += (added.main - extra.main).max(0.0);
+        extra.cross = extra.cross.max(added.cross);
+        extra.main = (extra.main - added.main).max(0.0);
 
-        self.space.size = size.specialized(self.ctx.dirs);
-        self.space.extra = extra.specialized(self.ctx.dirs);
-        *self.space.usable.get_mut(self.ctx.dirs.main.axis()) -= added.height;
-    }
-
-    /// Returns true if a space break is necessary.
-    fn update_rulers(&mut self, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) -> bool {
-        let allowed = self.is_fitting_alignment(aligns);
-        if allowed {
-            let side = self.ctx.dirs.main.side(GenAlign::Start);
-            *self.space.rulers.get_mut(side) = aligns.main;
-        }
-        allowed
-    }
-
-    /// Whether a layout with the given alignment can still be layouted into the
-    /// active space or a space break is necessary.
-    pub(crate) fn is_fitting_alignment(&self, aligns: Gen2<GenAlign>) -> bool {
-        self.is_fitting_axis(self.ctx.dirs.main, aligns.main)
-            && self.is_fitting_axis(self.ctx.dirs.cross, aligns.cross)
-    }
-
-    fn is_fitting_axis(&self, dir: Dir, align: GenAlign) -> bool {
-        align >= self.space.rulers.get(dir.side(GenAlign::Start))
-            && align <= self.space.rulers.get(dir.side(GenAlign::End)).inv()
+        self.space.size = size.switch(self.ctx.dirs).to_size();
+        self.space.extra = extra.switch(self.ctx.dirs).to_size();
+        *self.space.usable.get_mut(self.ctx.dirs.main.axis()) -= added.main;
     }
 
     /// Update the layouting spaces.
@@ -202,8 +181,9 @@ impl StackLayouter {
     /// The remaining usable size.
     pub fn usable(&self) -> Size {
         self.space.usable
-            - Size::new(0.0, self.space.last_spacing.soft_or_zero())
-                .specialized(self.ctx.dirs)
+            - Gen2::new(self.space.last_spacing.soft_or_zero(), 0.0)
+                .switch(self.ctx.dirs)
+                .to_size()
     }
 
     /// Whether the current layout space is empty.
@@ -227,30 +207,36 @@ impl StackLayouter {
     /// Finish active current space and start a new one.
     pub fn finish_space(&mut self, hard: bool) {
         let dirs = self.ctx.dirs;
-        let space = self.ctx.spaces[self.space.index];
 
         // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
         // Step 1: Determine the full size of the space.
         // (Mostly done already while collecting the boxes, but here we
         //  expand if necessary.)
 
-        let usable = space.usable();
-        if space.expansion.horizontal {
-            self.space.size.width = usable.width;
-        }
-        if space.expansion.vertical {
-            self.space.size.height = usable.height;
-        }
+        let space = self.ctx.spaces[self.space.index];
+        let start = space.start();
+        let padded_size = {
+            let mut used_size = self.space.size;
 
-        let size = self.space.size - space.insets.size();
+            let usable = space.usable();
+            if space.expansion.horizontal {
+                used_size.width = usable.width;
+            }
+            if space.expansion.vertical {
+                used_size.height = usable.height;
+            }
+
+            used_size
+        };
+
+        let unpadded_size = padded_size - space.insets.size();
+        let mut layout = BoxLayout::new(unpadded_size);
 
         // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
         // Step 2: Forward pass. Create a bounding box for each layout in which
         // it will be aligned. Then, go forwards through the boxes and remove
         // what is taken by previous layouts from the following layouts.
 
-        let start = space.start();
-
         let mut bounds = vec![];
         let mut bound = Rect {
             x0: start.x,
@@ -260,16 +246,16 @@ impl StackLayouter {
         };
 
         for (layout, _) in &self.space.layouts {
-            // First, we store the bounds calculated so far (which were reduced
+            // First, store the bounds calculated so far (which were reduced
             // by the predecessors of this layout) as the initial bounding box
             // of this layout.
             bounds.push(bound);
 
-            // Then, we reduce the bounding box for the following layouts. This
+            // Then, reduce the bounding box for the following layouts. This
             // layout uses up space from the origin to the end. Thus, it reduces
             // the usable space for following layouts at its origin by its
             // main-axis extent.
-            *bound.get_mut(dirs.main.side(GenAlign::Start)) +=
+            *bound.get_mut(dirs.main.start()) +=
                 dirs.main.factor() * layout.size.get(dirs.main.axis());
         }
 
@@ -277,37 +263,30 @@ impl StackLayouter {
         // Step 3: Backward pass. Reduce the bounding boxes from the previous
         // layouts by what is taken by the following ones.
 
-        // The `x` field stores the maximal cross-axis extent in one
-        // axis-aligned run, while the `y` fields stores the accumulated
-        // main-axis extent.
         let mut main_extent = 0.0;
         for (child, bound) in self.space.layouts.iter().zip(&mut bounds).rev() {
-            // We reduce the bounding box of this layout at its end by the
-            // accumulated main-axis extent of all layouts we have seen so far
-            // (which are the layouts after this one since we iterate reversed).
-            *bound.get_mut(dirs.main.side(GenAlign::End)) -=
-                dirs.main.factor() * main_extent;
-
-            // And then, we include this layout's main-axis extent.
-            main_extent += child.0.size.get(dirs.main.axis());
+            let (layout, _) = child;
+
+            // Reduce the bounding box of this layout by the following one's
+            // main-axis extents.
+            *bound.get_mut(dirs.main.end()) -= dirs.main.factor() * main_extent;
+
+            // And then, include this layout's main-axis extent.
+            main_extent += layout.size.get(dirs.main.axis());
         }
 
         // ------------------------------------------------------------------ //
         // Step 4: Align each layout in its bounding box and collect everything
         // into a single finished layout.
 
-        let mut layout = BoxLayout::new(size);
-
         let children = std::mem::take(&mut self.space.layouts);
         for ((child, aligns), bound) in children.into_iter().zip(bounds) {
-            let size = child.size.specialized(dirs);
-
-            // The space in which this layout is aligned is given by the
-            // distances between the borders of its bounding box.
-            let usable = bound.size().generalized(dirs);
-            let local = usable.anchor(dirs, aligns) - size.anchor(dirs, aligns);
-            let pos = bound.origin() + local.to_size().specialized(dirs).to_vec2();
+            // Align the child in its own bounds.
+            let local =
+                bound.size().anchor(dirs, aligns) - child.size.anchor(dirs, aligns);
 
+            // Make the local position in the bounds global.
+            let pos = bound.origin() + local;
             layout.push_layout(pos, child);
         }
 
@@ -331,23 +310,21 @@ impl StackLayouter {
 
 /// A layout space composed of subspaces which can have different directions and
 /// alignments.
-struct Space {
+pub(super) struct Space {
     /// The index of this space in `ctx.spaces`.
     index: usize,
     /// Whether to include a layout for this space even if it would be empty.
     hard: bool,
     /// The so-far accumulated layouts.
     layouts: Vec<(BoxLayout, Gen2<GenAlign>)>,
-    /// The specialized size of this space.
+    /// The size of this space.
     size: Size,
-    /// The specialized remaining space.
+    /// The remaining space.
     usable: Size,
-    /// The specialized extra-needed size to affect the size at all.
+    /// The extra-needed size to affect the size at all.
     extra: Size,
-    /// Dictate which alignments for new boxes are still allowed and which
-    /// require a new space to be started. For example, after an `End`-aligned
-    /// item, no `Start`-aligned one can follow.
-    rulers: Sides<GenAlign>,
+    /// Which alignments for new boxes are still allowed.
+    pub(super) allowed_align: GenAlign,
     /// The spacing state. This influences how new spacing is handled, e.g. hard
     /// spacing may override soft spacing.
     last_spacing: LastSpacing,
@@ -362,7 +339,7 @@ impl Space {
             size: Size::ZERO,
             usable,
             extra: Size::ZERO,
-            rulers: Sides::uniform(GenAlign::Start),
+            allowed_align: GenAlign::Start,
             last_spacing: LastSpacing::Hard,
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/library/align.rs b/src/library/align.rs
index 6c9c675f..f3280065 100644
--- a/src/library/align.rs
+++ b/src/library/align.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ fn dedup_aligns(
         // Check whether we know which axis this alignment belongs to.
         if let Some(axis) = axis {
             // We know the axis.
-            let gen_axis = axis.to_gen(ctx.state.dirs);
-            let gen_align = align.to_gen(ctx.state.dirs);
+            let gen_axis = axis.switch(ctx.state.dirs);
+            let gen_align = align.switch(ctx.state.dirs);
 
             if align.axis().map_or(false, |a| a != axis) {
                 ctx.diag(error!(
diff --git a/src/library/spacing.rs b/src/library/spacing.rs
index 7a55ff98..e254d5e4 100644
--- a/src/library/spacing.rs
+++ b/src/library/spacing.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ fn spacing(mut args: Args, ctx: &mut LayoutContext, axis: SpecAxis) -> Value {
 
     Value::Commands(if let Some(spacing) = spacing {
         let spacing = spacing.eval(ctx.state.text.font_size());
-        let axis = axis.to_gen(ctx.state.dirs);
+        let axis = axis.switch(ctx.state.dirs);
         vec![AddSpacing(spacing, SpacingKind::Hard, axis)]
     } else {
         vec![]