Complete movement of HTML export code to `typst-html` (#6584)

23 files changed, 1421 insertions, 1387 deletions

diff --git a/crates/typst-cli/src/compile.rs b/crates/typst-cli/src/compile.rs
index 207bb7d0..0db67b45 100644
--- a/crates/typst-cli/src/compile.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-cli/src/compile.rs
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ use typst::diag::{
     bail, At, Severity, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, StrResult, Warned,
 };
 use typst::foundations::{Datetime, Smart};
-use typst::html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst::layout::{Frame, Page, PageRanges, PagedDocument};
 use typst::syntax::{FileId, Lines, Span};
 use typst::WorldExt;
+use typst_html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst_pdf::{PdfOptions, PdfStandards, Timestamp};
 
 use crate::args::{
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/attr.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/attr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fec3955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/attr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+
+#![cfg_attr(rustfmt, rustfmt_skip)]
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use crate::HtmlAttr;
+
+pub const abbr: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("abbr");
+pub const accept: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept");
+pub const accept_charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept-charset");
+pub const accesskey: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accesskey");
+pub const action: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("action");
+pub const allow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allow");
+pub const allowfullscreen: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allowfullscreen");
+pub const alpha: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alpha");
+pub const alt: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alt");
+pub const aria_activedescendant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-activedescendant");
+pub const aria_atomic: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-atomic");
+pub const aria_autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-autocomplete");
+pub const aria_busy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-busy");
+pub const aria_checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-checked");
+pub const aria_colcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colcount");
+pub const aria_colindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colindex");
+pub const aria_colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colspan");
+pub const aria_controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-controls");
+pub const aria_current: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-current");
+pub const aria_describedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-describedby");
+pub const aria_details: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-details");
+pub const aria_disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-disabled");
+pub const aria_errormessage: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-errormessage");
+pub const aria_expanded: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-expanded");
+pub const aria_flowto: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-flowto");
+pub const aria_haspopup: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-haspopup");
+pub const aria_hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-hidden");
+pub const aria_invalid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-invalid");
+pub const aria_keyshortcuts: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-keyshortcuts");
+pub const aria_label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-label");
+pub const aria_labelledby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-labelledby");
+pub const aria_level: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-level");
+pub const aria_live: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-live");
+pub const aria_modal: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-modal");
+pub const aria_multiline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiline");
+pub const aria_multiselectable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiselectable");
+pub const aria_orientation: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-orientation");
+pub const aria_owns: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-owns");
+pub const aria_placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-placeholder");
+pub const aria_posinset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-posinset");
+pub const aria_pressed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-pressed");
+pub const aria_readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-readonly");
+pub const aria_relevant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-relevant");
+pub const aria_required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-required");
+pub const aria_roledescription: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-roledescription");
+pub const aria_rowcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowcount");
+pub const aria_rowindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowindex");
+pub const aria_rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowspan");
+pub const aria_selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-selected");
+pub const aria_setsize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-setsize");
+pub const aria_sort: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-sort");
+pub const aria_valuemax: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemax");
+pub const aria_valuemin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemin");
+pub const aria_valuenow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuenow");
+pub const aria_valuetext: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuetext");
+pub const r#as: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("as");
+pub const r#async: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("async");
+pub const autocapitalize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocapitalize");
+pub const autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocomplete");
+pub const autocorrect: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocorrect");
+pub const autofocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autofocus");
+pub const autoplay: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autoplay");
+pub const blocking: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("blocking");
+pub const charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("charset");
+pub const checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("checked");
+pub const cite: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cite");
+pub const class: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("class");
+pub const closedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("closedby");
+pub const color: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("color");
+pub const colorspace: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colorspace");
+pub const cols: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cols");
+pub const colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colspan");
+pub const command: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("command");
+pub const commandfor: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("commandfor");
+pub const content: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("content");
+pub const contenteditable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("contenteditable");
+pub const controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("controls");
+pub const coords: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("coords");
+pub const crossorigin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("crossorigin");
+pub const data: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("data");
+pub const datetime: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("datetime");
+pub const decoding: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("decoding");
+pub const default: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("default");
+pub const defer: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("defer");
+pub const dir: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dir");
+pub const dirname: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dirname");
+pub const disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("disabled");
+pub const download: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("download");
+pub const draggable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("draggable");
+pub const enctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enctype");
+pub const enterkeyhint: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enterkeyhint");
+pub const fetchpriority: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("fetchpriority");
+pub const r#for: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("for");
+pub const form: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("form");
+pub const formaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formaction");
+pub const formenctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formenctype");
+pub const formmethod: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formmethod");
+pub const formnovalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formnovalidate");
+pub const formtarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formtarget");
+pub const headers: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("headers");
+pub const height: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("height");
+pub const hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hidden");
+pub const high: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("high");
+pub const href: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("href");
+pub const hreflang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hreflang");
+pub const http_equiv: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("http-equiv");
+pub const id: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("id");
+pub const imagesizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesizes");
+pub const imagesrcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesrcset");
+pub const inert: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inert");
+pub const inputmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inputmode");
+pub const integrity: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("integrity");
+pub const is: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("is");
+pub const ismap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ismap");
+pub const itemid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemid");
+pub const itemprop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemprop");
+pub const itemref: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemref");
+pub const itemscope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemscope");
+pub const itemtype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemtype");
+pub const kind: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("kind");
+pub const label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("label");
+pub const lang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("lang");
+pub const list: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("list");
+pub const loading: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loading");
+pub const r#loop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loop");
+pub const low: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("low");
+pub const max: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("max");
+pub const maxlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("maxlength");
+pub const media: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("media");
+pub const method: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("method");
+pub const min: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("min");
+pub const minlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("minlength");
+pub const multiple: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("multiple");
+pub const muted: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("muted");
+pub const name: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("name");
+pub const nomodule: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nomodule");
+pub const nonce: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nonce");
+pub const novalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("novalidate");
+pub const open: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("open");
+pub const optimum: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("optimum");
+pub const pattern: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("pattern");
+pub const ping: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ping");
+pub const placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("placeholder");
+pub const playsinline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("playsinline");
+pub const popover: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popover");
+pub const popovertarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertarget");
+pub const popovertargetaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertargetaction");
+pub const poster: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("poster");
+pub const preload: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("preload");
+pub const readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("readonly");
+pub const referrerpolicy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("referrerpolicy");
+pub const rel: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rel");
+pub const required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("required");
+pub const reversed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("reversed");
+pub const role: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("role");
+pub const rows: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rows");
+pub const rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rowspan");
+pub const sandbox: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sandbox");
+pub const scope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("scope");
+pub const selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("selected");
+pub const shadowrootclonable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootclonable");
+pub const shadowrootcustomelementregistry: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootcustomelementregistry");
+pub const shadowrootdelegatesfocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootdelegatesfocus");
+pub const shadowrootmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootmode");
+pub const shadowrootserializable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootserializable");
+pub const shape: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shape");
+pub const size: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("size");
+pub const sizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sizes");
+pub const slot: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("slot");
+pub const span: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("span");
+pub const spellcheck: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("spellcheck");
+pub const src: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("src");
+pub const srcdoc: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcdoc");
+pub const srclang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srclang");
+pub const srcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcset");
+pub const start: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("start");
+pub const step: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("step");
+pub const style: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("style");
+pub const tabindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("tabindex");
+pub const target: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("target");
+pub const title: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("title");
+pub const translate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("translate");
+pub const r#type: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("type");
+pub const usemap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("usemap");
+pub const value: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("value");
+pub const width: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("width");
+pub const wrap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("wrap");
+pub const writingsuggestions: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("writingsuggestions");
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/charsets.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/charsets.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..251ff15c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/charsets.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+//! Defines syntactical properties of HTML tags, attributes, and text.
+
+/// Check whether a character is in a tag name.
+pub const fn is_valid_in_tag_name(c: char) -> bool {
+    c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()
+}
+
+/// Check whether a character is valid in an attribute name.
+pub const fn is_valid_in_attribute_name(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        // These are forbidden.
+        '\0' | ' ' | '"' | '\'' | '>' | '/' | '=' => false,
+        c if is_whatwg_control_char(c) => false,
+        c if is_whatwg_non_char(c) => false,
+        // _Everything_ else is allowed, including U+2029 paragraph
+        // separator. Go wild.
+        _ => true,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check whether a character can be an used in an attribute value without
+/// escaping.
+///
+/// See <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2>
+pub const fn is_valid_in_attribute_value(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        // Ampersands are sometimes legal (i.e. when they are not _ambiguous
+        // ampersands_) but it is not worth the trouble to check for that.
+        '&' => false,
+        // Quotation marks are not allowed in double-quote-delimited attribute
+        // values.
+        '"' => false,
+        // All other text characters are allowed.
+        c => is_w3c_text_char(c),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check whether a character can be an used in normal text without
+/// escaping.
+pub const fn is_valid_in_normal_element_text(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        // Ampersands are sometimes legal (i.e. when they are not _ambiguous
+        // ampersands_) but it is not worth the trouble to check for that.
+        '&' => false,
+        // Less-than signs are not allowed in text.
+        '<' => false,
+        // All other text characters are allowed.
+        c => is_w3c_text_char(c),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Check if something is valid text in HTML.
+pub const fn is_w3c_text_char(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        // Non-characters are obviously not text characters.
+        c if is_whatwg_non_char(c) => false,
+        // Control characters are disallowed, except for whitespace.
+        c if is_whatwg_control_char(c) => c.is_ascii_whitespace(),
+        // Everything else is allowed.
+        _ => true,
+    }
+}
+
+const fn is_whatwg_non_char(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        '\u{fdd0}'..='\u{fdef}' => true,
+        // Non-characters matching xxFFFE or xxFFFF up to x10FFFF (inclusive).
+        c if c as u32 & 0xfffe == 0xfffe && c as u32 <= 0x10ffff => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+const fn is_whatwg_control_char(c: char) -> bool {
+    match c {
+        // C0 control characters.
+        '\u{00}'..='\u{1f}' => true,
+        // Other control characters.
+        '\u{7f}'..='\u{9f}' => true,
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/convert.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/convert.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..49995e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/convert.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+use typst_library::diag::{warning, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::Engine;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain, Target, TargetElem};
+use typst_library::introspection::{SplitLocator, TagElem};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, BlockBody, BlockElem, BoxElem, Region, Size};
+use typst_library::model::ParElem;
+use typst_library::routines::Pair;
+use typst_library::text::{LinebreakElem, SmartQuoteElem, SpaceElem, TextElem};
+
+use crate::fragment::html_fragment;
+use crate::{attr, tag, FrameElem, HtmlElem, HtmlElement, HtmlFrame, HtmlNode};
+
+/// Converts realized content into HTML nodes.
+pub fn convert_to_nodes<'a>(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    locator: &mut SplitLocator,
+    children: impl IntoIterator<Item = Pair<'a>>,
+) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
+    let mut output = Vec::new();
+    for (child, styles) in children {
+        handle(engine, child, locator, styles, &mut output)?;
+    }
+    Ok(output)
+}
+
+/// Convert one element into HTML node(s).
+fn handle(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    child: &Content,
+    locator: &mut SplitLocator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+    output: &mut Vec<HtmlNode>,
+) -> SourceResult<()> {
+    if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
+        output.push(HtmlNode::Tag(elem.tag.clone()));
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<HtmlElem>() {
+        let mut children = vec![];
+        if let Some(body) = elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
+            children = html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
+        }
+        let element = HtmlElement {
+            tag: elem.tag,
+            attrs: elem.attrs.get_cloned(styles),
+            children,
+            span: elem.span(),
+        };
+        output.push(element.into());
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<ParElem>() {
+        let children =
+            html_fragment(engine, &elem.body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
+        output.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::p)
+                .with_children(children)
+                .spanned(elem.span())
+                .into(),
+        );
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<BoxElem>() {
+        // TODO: This is rather incomplete.
+        if let Some(body) = elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
+            let children =
+                html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
+            output.push(
+                HtmlElement::new(tag::span)
+                    .with_attr(attr::style, "display: inline-block;")
+                    .with_children(children)
+                    .spanned(elem.span())
+                    .into(),
+            )
+        }
+    } else if let Some((elem, body)) =
+        child
+            .to_packed::<BlockElem>()
+            .and_then(|elem| match elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
+                Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => Some((elem, body)),
+                _ => None,
+            })
+    {
+        // TODO: This is rather incomplete.
+        let children = html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
+        output.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::div)
+                .with_children(children)
+                .spanned(elem.span())
+                .into(),
+        );
+    } else if child.is::<SpaceElem>() {
+        output.push(HtmlNode::text(' ', child.span()));
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TextElem>() {
+        output.push(HtmlNode::text(elem.text.clone(), elem.span()));
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<LinebreakElem>() {
+        output.push(HtmlElement::new(tag::br).spanned(elem.span()).into());
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<SmartQuoteElem>() {
+        output.push(HtmlNode::text(
+            if elem.double.get(styles) { '"' } else { '\'' },
+            child.span(),
+        ));
+    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<FrameElem>() {
+        let locator = locator.next(&elem.span());
+        let style = TargetElem::target.set(Target::Paged).wrap();
+        let frame = (engine.routines.layout_frame)(
+            engine,
+            &elem.body,
+            locator,
+            styles.chain(&style),
+            Region::new(Size::splat(Abs::inf()), Axes::splat(false)),
+        )?;
+        output.push(HtmlNode::Frame(HtmlFrame {
+            inner: frame,
+            text_size: styles.resolve(TextElem::size),
+        }));
+    } else {
+        engine.sink.warn(warning!(
+            child.span(),
+            "{} was ignored during HTML export",
+            child.elem().name()
+        ));
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Checks whether the given element is an inline-level HTML element.
+pub fn is_inline(elem: &Content) -> bool {
+    elem.to_packed::<HtmlElem>()
+        .is_some_and(|elem| tag::is_inline_by_default(elem.tag))
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/css.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/css.rs
index 6c84cba0..5916d314 100644
--- a/crates/typst-html/src/css.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/css.rs
@@ -3,28 +3,10 @@
 use std::fmt::{self, Display, Write};
 
 use ecow::EcoString;
-use typst_library::html::{attr, HtmlElem};
 use typst_library::layout::{Length, Rel};
 use typst_library::visualize::{Color, Hsl, LinearRgb, Oklab, Oklch, Rgb};
 use typst_utils::Numeric;
 
-/// Additional methods for [`HtmlElem`].
-pub trait HtmlElemExt {
-    /// Adds the styles to an element if the property list is non-empty.
-    fn with_styles(self, properties: Properties) -> Self;
-}
-
-impl HtmlElemExt for HtmlElem {
-    /// Adds CSS styles to an element.
-    fn with_styles(self, properties: Properties) -> Self {
-        if let Some(value) = properties.into_inline_styles() {
-            self.with_attr(attr::style, value)
-        } else {
-            self
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 /// A list of CSS properties with values.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct Properties(EcoString);
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/document.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/document.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f0124e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/document.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+
+use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Introspector, IntrospectorBuilder, Locator};
+use typst_library::layout::{Point, Position, Transform};
+use typst_library::model::DocumentInfo;
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, RealizationKind, Routines};
+use typst_library::World;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
+
+use crate::{attr, tag, HtmlDocument, HtmlElement, HtmlNode};
+
+/// Produce an HTML document from content.
+///
+/// This first performs root-level realization and then turns the resulting
+/// elements into HTML.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "html document")]
+pub fn html_document(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    content: &Content,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<HtmlDocument> {
+    html_document_impl(
+        engine.routines,
+        engine.world,
+        engine.introspector,
+        engine.traced,
+        TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.sink),
+        engine.route.track(),
+        content,
+        styles,
+    )
+}
+
+/// The internal implementation of `html_document`.
+#[comemo::memoize]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn html_document_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
+    world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
+    introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
+    traced: Tracked<Traced>,
+    sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
+    route: Tracked<Route>,
+    content: &Content,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<HtmlDocument> {
+    let mut locator = Locator::root().split();
+    let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
+        world,
+        introspector,
+        traced,
+        sink,
+        route: Route::extend(route).unnested(),
+    };
+
+    // Mark the external styles as "outside" so that they are valid at the page
+    // level.
+    let styles = styles.to_map().outside();
+    let styles = StyleChain::new(&styles);
+
+    let arenas = Arenas::default();
+    let mut info = DocumentInfo::default();
+    let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
+        RealizationKind::HtmlDocument {
+            info: &mut info,
+            is_inline: crate::convert::is_inline,
+        },
+        &mut engine,
+        &mut locator,
+        &arenas,
+        content,
+        styles,
+    )?;
+
+    let output = crate::convert::convert_to_nodes(
+        &mut engine,
+        &mut locator,
+        children.iter().copied(),
+    )?;
+    let introspector = introspect_html(&output);
+    let root = root_element(output, &info)?;
+
+    Ok(HtmlDocument { info, root, introspector })
+}
+
+/// Introspects HTML nodes.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "introspect html")]
+fn introspect_html(output: &[HtmlNode]) -> Introspector {
+    fn discover(
+        builder: &mut IntrospectorBuilder,
+        sink: &mut Vec<(Content, Position)>,
+        nodes: &[HtmlNode],
+    ) {
+        for node in nodes {
+            match node {
+                HtmlNode::Tag(tag) => builder.discover_in_tag(
+                    sink,
+                    tag,
+                    Position { page: NonZeroUsize::ONE, point: Point::zero() },
+                ),
+                HtmlNode::Text(_, _) => {}
+                HtmlNode::Element(elem) => discover(builder, sink, &elem.children),
+                HtmlNode::Frame(frame) => builder.discover_in_frame(
+                    sink,
+                    &frame.inner,
+                    NonZeroUsize::ONE,
+                    Transform::identity(),
+                ),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut elems = Vec::new();
+    let mut builder = IntrospectorBuilder::new();
+    discover(&mut builder, &mut elems, output);
+    builder.finalize(elems)
+}
+
+/// Wrap the nodes in `<html>` and `<body>` if they are not yet rooted,
+/// supplying a suitable `<head>`.
+fn root_element(output: Vec<HtmlNode>, info: &DocumentInfo) -> SourceResult<HtmlElement> {
+    let head = head_element(info);
+    let body = match classify_output(output)? {
+        OutputKind::Html(element) => return Ok(element),
+        OutputKind::Body(body) => body,
+        OutputKind::Leafs(leafs) => HtmlElement::new(tag::body).with_children(leafs),
+    };
+    Ok(HtmlElement::new(tag::html).with_children(vec![head.into(), body.into()]))
+}
+
+/// Generate a `<head>` element.
+fn head_element(info: &DocumentInfo) -> HtmlElement {
+    let mut children = vec![];
+
+    children.push(HtmlElement::new(tag::meta).with_attr(attr::charset, "utf-8").into());
+
+    children.push(
+        HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
+            .with_attr(attr::name, "viewport")
+            .with_attr(attr::content, "width=device-width, initial-scale=1")
+            .into(),
+    );
+
+    if let Some(title) = &info.title {
+        children.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::title)
+                .with_children(vec![HtmlNode::Text(title.clone(), Span::detached())])
+                .into(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    if let Some(description) = &info.description {
+        children.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
+                .with_attr(attr::name, "description")
+                .with_attr(attr::content, description.clone())
+                .into(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    if !info.author.is_empty() {
+        children.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
+                .with_attr(attr::name, "authors")
+                .with_attr(attr::content, info.author.join(", "))
+                .into(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    if !info.keywords.is_empty() {
+        children.push(
+            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
+                .with_attr(attr::name, "keywords")
+                .with_attr(attr::content, info.keywords.join(", "))
+                .into(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    HtmlElement::new(tag::head).with_children(children)
+}
+
+/// Determine which kind of output the user generated.
+fn classify_output(mut output: Vec<HtmlNode>) -> SourceResult<OutputKind> {
+    let count = output.iter().filter(|node| !matches!(node, HtmlNode::Tag(_))).count();
+    for node in &mut output {
+        let HtmlNode::Element(elem) = node else { continue };
+        let tag = elem.tag;
+        let mut take = || std::mem::replace(elem, HtmlElement::new(tag::html));
+        match (tag, count) {
+            (tag::html, 1) => return Ok(OutputKind::Html(take())),
+            (tag::body, 1) => return Ok(OutputKind::Body(take())),
+            (tag::html | tag::body, _) => bail!(
+                elem.span,
+                "`{}` element must be the only element in the document",
+                elem.tag,
+            ),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(OutputKind::Leafs(output))
+}
+
+/// What kinds of output the user generated.
+enum OutputKind {
+    /// The user generated their own `<html>` element. We do not need to supply
+    /// one.
+    Html(HtmlElement),
+    /// The user generate their own `<body>` element. We do not need to supply
+    /// one, but need supply the `<html>` element.
+    Body(HtmlElement),
+    /// The user generated leafs which we wrap in a `<body>` and `<html>`.
+    Leafs(Vec<HtmlNode>),
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/dom.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/dom.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cf74e1bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/dom.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
+
+use ecow::{EcoString, EcoVec};
+use typst_library::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
+use typst_library::foundations::{cast, Dict, Repr, Str};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Introspector, Tag};
+use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Frame};
+use typst_library::model::DocumentInfo;
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+use typst_utils::{PicoStr, ResolvedPicoStr};
+
+use crate::charsets;
+
+/// An HTML document.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct HtmlDocument {
+    /// The document's root HTML element.
+    pub root: HtmlElement,
+    /// Details about the document.
+    pub info: DocumentInfo,
+    /// Provides the ability to execute queries on the document.
+    pub introspector: Introspector,
+}
+
+/// A child of an HTML element.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+pub enum HtmlNode {
+    /// An introspectable element that produced something within this node.
+    Tag(Tag),
+    /// Plain text.
+    Text(EcoString, Span),
+    /// Another element.
+    Element(HtmlElement),
+    /// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
+    Frame(HtmlFrame),
+}
+
+impl HtmlNode {
+    /// Create a plain text node.
+    pub fn text(text: impl Into<EcoString>, span: Span) -> Self {
+        Self::Text(text.into(), span)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<HtmlElement> for HtmlNode {
+    fn from(element: HtmlElement) -> Self {
+        Self::Element(element)
+    }
+}
+
+/// An HTML element.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlElement {
+    /// The HTML tag.
+    pub tag: HtmlTag,
+    /// The element's attributes.
+    pub attrs: HtmlAttrs,
+    /// The element's children.
+    pub children: Vec<HtmlNode>,
+    /// The span from which the element originated, if any.
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
+impl HtmlElement {
+    /// Create a new, blank element without attributes or children.
+    pub fn new(tag: HtmlTag) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            tag,
+            attrs: HtmlAttrs::default(),
+            children: vec![],
+            span: Span::detached(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Attach children to the element.
+    ///
+    /// Note: This overwrites potential previous children.
+    pub fn with_children(mut self, children: Vec<HtmlNode>) -> Self {
+        self.children = children;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add an atribute to the element.
+    pub fn with_attr(mut self, key: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) -> Self {
+        self.attrs.push(key, value);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Attach a span to the element.
+    pub fn spanned(mut self, span: Span) -> Self {
+        self.span = span;
+        self
+    }
+}
+
+/// The tag of an HTML element.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlTag(PicoStr);
+
+impl HtmlTag {
+    /// Intern an HTML tag string at runtime.
+    pub fn intern(string: &str) -> StrResult<Self> {
+        if string.is_empty() {
+            bail!("tag name must not be empty");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(c) = string.chars().find(|&c| !charsets::is_valid_in_tag_name(c)) {
+            bail!("the character {} is not valid in a tag name", c.repr());
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self(PicoStr::intern(string)))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a compile-time constant `HtmlTag`.
+    ///
+    /// Should only be used in const contexts because it can panic.
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub const fn constant(string: &'static str) -> Self {
+        if string.is_empty() {
+            panic!("tag name must not be empty");
+        }
+
+        let bytes = string.as_bytes();
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < bytes.len() {
+            if !bytes[i].is_ascii() || !charsets::is_valid_in_tag_name(bytes[i] as char) {
+                panic!("not all characters are valid in a tag name");
+            }
+            i += 1;
+        }
+
+        Self(PicoStr::constant(string))
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves the tag to a string.
+    pub fn resolve(self) -> ResolvedPicoStr {
+        self.0.resolve()
+    }
+
+    /// Turns the tag into its inner interned string.
+    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> PicoStr {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for HtmlTag {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        Display::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for HtmlTag {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "<{}>", self.resolve())
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    HtmlTag,
+    self => self.0.resolve().as_str().into_value(),
+    v: Str => Self::intern(&v)?,
+}
+
+/// Attributes of an HTML element.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlAttrs(pub EcoVec<(HtmlAttr, EcoString)>);
+
+impl HtmlAttrs {
+    /// Creates an empty attribute list.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    /// Add an attribute.
+    pub fn push(&mut self, attr: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) {
+        self.0.push((attr, value.into()));
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    HtmlAttrs,
+    self => self.0
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(key, value)| (key.resolve().as_str().into(), value.into_value()))
+        .collect::<Dict>()
+        .into_value(),
+    values: Dict => Self(values
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|(k, v)| {
+            let attr = HtmlAttr::intern(&k)?;
+            let value = v.cast::<EcoString>()?;
+            Ok((attr, value))
+        })
+        .collect::<HintedStrResult<_>>()?),
+}
+
+/// An attribute of an HTML element.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlAttr(PicoStr);
+
+impl HtmlAttr {
+    /// Intern an HTML attribute string at runtime.
+    pub fn intern(string: &str) -> StrResult<Self> {
+        if string.is_empty() {
+            bail!("attribute name must not be empty");
+        }
+
+        if let Some(c) =
+            string.chars().find(|&c| !charsets::is_valid_in_attribute_name(c))
+        {
+            bail!("the character {} is not valid in an attribute name", c.repr());
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self(PicoStr::intern(string)))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a compile-time constant `HtmlAttr`.
+    ///
+    /// Must only be used in const contexts (in a constant definition or
+    /// explicit `const { .. }` block) because otherwise a panic for a malformed
+    /// attribute or not auto-internible constant will only be caught at
+    /// runtime.
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub const fn constant(string: &'static str) -> Self {
+        if string.is_empty() {
+            panic!("attribute name must not be empty");
+        }
+
+        let bytes = string.as_bytes();
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < bytes.len() {
+            if !bytes[i].is_ascii()
+                || !charsets::is_valid_in_attribute_name(bytes[i] as char)
+            {
+                panic!("not all characters are valid in an attribute name");
+            }
+            i += 1;
+        }
+
+        Self(PicoStr::constant(string))
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves the attribute to a string.
+    pub fn resolve(self) -> ResolvedPicoStr {
+        self.0.resolve()
+    }
+
+    /// Turns the attribute into its inner interned string.
+    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> PicoStr {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for HtmlAttr {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        Display::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for HtmlAttr {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.resolve())
+    }
+}
+
+cast! {
+    HtmlAttr,
+    self => self.0.resolve().as_str().into_value(),
+    v: Str => Self::intern(&v)?,
+}
+
+/// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
+pub struct HtmlFrame {
+    /// The frame that will be displayed as an SVG.
+    pub inner: Frame,
+    /// The text size where the frame was defined. This is used to size the
+    /// frame with em units to make text in and outside of the frame sized
+    /// consistently.
+    pub text_size: Abs,
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/encode.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/encode.rs
index 84860dbe..be813739 100644
--- a/crates/typst-html/src/encode.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/encode.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@ use std::fmt::Write;
 
 use typst_library::diag::{bail, At, SourceResult, StrResult};
 use typst_library::foundations::Repr;
-use typst_library::html::{
+use typst_syntax::Span;
+
+use crate::{
     attr, charsets, tag, HtmlDocument, HtmlElement, HtmlFrame, HtmlNode, HtmlTag,
 };
-use typst_syntax::Span;
 
 /// Encodes an HTML document into a string.
 pub fn html(document: &HtmlDocument) -> SourceResult<String> {
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/fragment.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/fragment.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78ae7dee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/fragment.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
+use typst_library::diag::{At, SourceResult};
+use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain};
+use typst_library::introspection::{Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink};
+
+use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, FragmentKind, RealizationKind, Routines};
+use typst_library::World;
+
+use crate::HtmlNode;
+
+/// Produce HTML nodes from content.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "html fragment")]
+pub fn html_fragment(
+    engine: &mut Engine,
+    content: &Content,
+    locator: Locator,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
+    html_fragment_impl(
+        engine.routines,
+        engine.world,
+        engine.introspector,
+        engine.traced,
+        TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.sink),
+        engine.route.track(),
+        content,
+        locator.track(),
+        styles,
+    )
+}
+
+/// The cached, internal implementation of [`html_fragment`].
+#[comemo::memoize]
+#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+fn html_fragment_impl(
+    routines: &Routines,
+    world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
+    introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
+    traced: Tracked<Traced>,
+    sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
+    route: Tracked<Route>,
+    content: &Content,
+    locator: Tracked<Locator>,
+    styles: StyleChain,
+) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
+    let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
+    let mut locator = Locator::link(&link).split();
+    let mut engine = Engine {
+        routines,
+        world,
+        introspector,
+        traced,
+        sink,
+        route: Route::extend(route),
+    };
+
+    engine.route.check_html_depth().at(content.span())?;
+
+    let arenas = Arenas::default();
+    let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
+        // No need to know about the `FragmentKind` because we handle both
+        // uniformly.
+        RealizationKind::HtmlFragment {
+            kind: &mut FragmentKind::Block,
+            is_inline: crate::convert::is_inline,
+        },
+        &mut engine,
+        &mut locator,
+        &arenas,
+        content,
+        styles,
+    )?;
+
+    crate::convert::convert_to_nodes(&mut engine, &mut locator, children.iter().copied())
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/lib.rs
index 7063931b..d7b29dbb 100644
--- a/crates/typst-html/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,33 +1,28 @@
 //! Typst's HTML exporter.
 
+mod attr;
+mod charsets;
+mod convert;
 mod css;
+mod document;
+mod dom;
 mod encode;
+mod fragment;
 mod rules;
+mod tag;
 mod typed;
 
+pub use self::document::html_document;
+pub use self::dom::*;
 pub use self::encode::html;
 pub use self::rules::register;
 
-use comemo::{Track, Tracked, TrackedMut};
-use typst_library::diag::{bail, warning, At, SourceResult};
-use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
-use typst_library::foundations::{
-    Content, Module, Scope, StyleChain, Target, TargetElem,
-};
-use typst_library::html::{
-    attr, tag, FrameElem, HtmlDocument, HtmlElem, HtmlElement, HtmlFrame, HtmlNode,
-};
-use typst_library::introspection::{
-    Introspector, Locator, LocatorLink, SplitLocator, TagElem,
-};
-use typst_library::layout::{Abs, Axes, BlockBody, BlockElem, BoxElem, Region, Size};
-use typst_library::model::{DocumentInfo, ParElem};
-use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, FragmentKind, Pair, RealizationKind, Routines};
-use typst_library::text::{LinebreakElem, SmartQuoteElem, SpaceElem, TextElem};
-use typst_library::{Category, World};
-use typst_syntax::Span;
+use ecow::EcoString;
+use typst_library::foundations::{Content, Module, Scope};
+use typst_library::Category;
+use typst_macros::elem;
 
-/// Create a module with all HTML definitions.
+/// Creates the module with all HTML definitions.
 pub fn module() -> Module {
     let mut html = Scope::deduplicating();
     html.start_category(Category::Html);
@@ -37,337 +32,77 @@ pub fn module() -> Module {
     Module::new("html", html)
 }
 
-/// Produce an HTML document from content.
+/// An HTML element that can contain Typst content.
 ///
-/// This first performs root-level realization and then turns the resulting
-/// elements into HTML.
-#[typst_macros::time(name = "html document")]
-pub fn html_document(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    content: &Content,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-) -> SourceResult<HtmlDocument> {
-    html_document_impl(
-        engine.routines,
-        engine.world,
-        engine.introspector,
-        engine.traced,
-        TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.sink),
-        engine.route.track(),
-        content,
-        styles,
-    )
-}
-
-/// The internal implementation of `html_document`.
-#[comemo::memoize]
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn html_document_impl(
-    routines: &Routines,
-    world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
-    introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
-    traced: Tracked<Traced>,
-    sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
-    route: Tracked<Route>,
-    content: &Content,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-) -> SourceResult<HtmlDocument> {
-    let mut locator = Locator::root().split();
-    let mut engine = Engine {
-        routines,
-        world,
-        introspector,
-        traced,
-        sink,
-        route: Route::extend(route).unnested(),
-    };
-
-    // Mark the external styles as "outside" so that they are valid at the page
-    // level.
-    let styles = styles.to_map().outside();
-    let styles = StyleChain::new(&styles);
-
-    let arenas = Arenas::default();
-    let mut info = DocumentInfo::default();
-    let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
-        RealizationKind::HtmlDocument(&mut info),
-        &mut engine,
-        &mut locator,
-        &arenas,
-        content,
-        styles,
-    )?;
-
-    let output = handle_list(&mut engine, &mut locator, children.iter().copied())?;
-    let introspector = Introspector::html(&output);
-    let root = root_element(output, &info)?;
-
-    Ok(HtmlDocument { info, root, introspector })
-}
-
-/// Produce HTML nodes from content.
-#[typst_macros::time(name = "html fragment")]
-pub fn html_fragment(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    content: &Content,
-    locator: Locator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
-    html_fragment_impl(
-        engine.routines,
-        engine.world,
-        engine.introspector,
-        engine.traced,
-        TrackedMut::reborrow_mut(&mut engine.sink),
-        engine.route.track(),
-        content,
-        locator.track(),
-        styles,
-    )
-}
-
-/// The cached, internal implementation of [`html_fragment`].
-#[comemo::memoize]
-#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
-fn html_fragment_impl(
-    routines: &Routines,
-    world: Tracked<dyn World + '_>,
-    introspector: Tracked<Introspector>,
-    traced: Tracked<Traced>,
-    sink: TrackedMut<Sink>,
-    route: Tracked<Route>,
-    content: &Content,
-    locator: Tracked<Locator>,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
-    let link = LocatorLink::new(locator);
-    let mut locator = Locator::link(&link).split();
-    let mut engine = Engine {
-        routines,
-        world,
-        introspector,
-        traced,
-        sink,
-        route: Route::extend(route),
-    };
-
-    engine.route.check_html_depth().at(content.span())?;
-
-    let arenas = Arenas::default();
-    let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
-        // No need to know about the `FragmentKind` because we handle both
-        // uniformly.
-        RealizationKind::HtmlFragment(&mut FragmentKind::Block),
-        &mut engine,
-        &mut locator,
-        &arenas,
-        content,
-        styles,
-    )?;
-
-    handle_list(&mut engine, &mut locator, children.iter().copied())
-}
-
-/// Convert children into HTML nodes.
-fn handle_list<'a>(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    locator: &mut SplitLocator,
-    children: impl IntoIterator<Item = Pair<'a>>,
-) -> SourceResult<Vec<HtmlNode>> {
-    let mut output = Vec::new();
-    for (child, styles) in children {
-        handle(engine, child, locator, styles, &mut output)?;
-    }
-    Ok(output)
-}
-
-/// Convert a child into HTML node(s).
-fn handle(
-    engine: &mut Engine,
-    child: &Content,
-    locator: &mut SplitLocator,
-    styles: StyleChain,
-    output: &mut Vec<HtmlNode>,
-) -> SourceResult<()> {
-    if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TagElem>() {
-        output.push(HtmlNode::Tag(elem.tag.clone()));
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<HtmlElem>() {
-        let mut children = vec![];
-        if let Some(body) = elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
-            children = html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
-        }
-        let element = HtmlElement {
-            tag: elem.tag,
-            attrs: elem.attrs.get_cloned(styles),
-            children,
-            span: elem.span(),
-        };
-        output.push(element.into());
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<ParElem>() {
-        let children =
-            html_fragment(engine, &elem.body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
-        output.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::p)
-                .with_children(children)
-                .spanned(elem.span())
-                .into(),
-        );
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<BoxElem>() {
-        // TODO: This is rather incomplete.
-        if let Some(body) = elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
-            let children =
-                html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
-            output.push(
-                HtmlElement::new(tag::span)
-                    .with_attr(attr::style, "display: inline-block;")
-                    .with_children(children)
-                    .spanned(elem.span())
-                    .into(),
-            )
-        }
-    } else if let Some((elem, body)) =
-        child
-            .to_packed::<BlockElem>()
-            .and_then(|elem| match elem.body.get_ref(styles) {
-                Some(BlockBody::Content(body)) => Some((elem, body)),
-                _ => None,
-            })
-    {
-        // TODO: This is rather incomplete.
-        let children = html_fragment(engine, body, locator.next(&elem.span()), styles)?;
-        output.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::div)
-                .with_children(children)
-                .spanned(elem.span())
-                .into(),
-        );
-    } else if child.is::<SpaceElem>() {
-        output.push(HtmlNode::text(' ', child.span()));
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<TextElem>() {
-        output.push(HtmlNode::text(elem.text.clone(), elem.span()));
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<LinebreakElem>() {
-        output.push(HtmlElement::new(tag::br).spanned(elem.span()).into());
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<SmartQuoteElem>() {
-        output.push(HtmlNode::text(
-            if elem.double.get(styles) { '"' } else { '\'' },
-            child.span(),
-        ));
-    } else if let Some(elem) = child.to_packed::<FrameElem>() {
-        let locator = locator.next(&elem.span());
-        let style = TargetElem::target.set(Target::Paged).wrap();
-        let frame = (engine.routines.layout_frame)(
-            engine,
-            &elem.body,
-            locator,
-            styles.chain(&style),
-            Region::new(Size::splat(Abs::inf()), Axes::splat(false)),
-        )?;
-        output.push(HtmlNode::Frame(HtmlFrame {
-            inner: frame,
-            text_size: styles.resolve(TextElem::size),
-        }));
-    } else {
-        engine.sink.warn(warning!(
-            child.span(),
-            "{} was ignored during HTML export",
-            child.elem().name()
-        ));
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Wrap the nodes in `<html>` and `<body>` if they are not yet rooted,
-/// supplying a suitable `<head>`.
-fn root_element(output: Vec<HtmlNode>, info: &DocumentInfo) -> SourceResult<HtmlElement> {
-    let head = head_element(info);
-    let body = match classify_output(output)? {
-        OutputKind::Html(element) => return Ok(element),
-        OutputKind::Body(body) => body,
-        OutputKind::Leafs(leafs) => HtmlElement::new(tag::body).with_children(leafs),
-    };
-    Ok(HtmlElement::new(tag::html).with_children(vec![head.into(), body.into()]))
+/// Typst's HTML export automatically generates the appropriate tags for most
+/// elements. However, sometimes, it is desirable to retain more control. For
+/// example, when using Typst to generate your blog, you could use this function
+/// to wrap each article in an `<article>` tag.
+///
+/// Typst is aware of what is valid HTML. A tag and its attributes must form
+/// syntactically valid HTML. Some tags, like `meta` do not accept content.
+/// Hence, you must not provide a body for them. We may add more checks in the
+/// future, so be sure that you are generating valid HTML when using this
+/// function.
+///
+/// Normally, Typst will generate `html`, `head`, and `body` tags for you. If
+/// you instead create them with this function, Typst will omit its own tags.
+///
+/// ```typ
+/// #html.elem("div", attrs: (style: "background: aqua"))[
+///   A div with _Typst content_ inside!
+/// ]
+/// ```
+#[elem(name = "elem")]
+pub struct HtmlElem {
+    /// The element's tag.
+    #[required]
+    pub tag: HtmlTag,
+
+    /// The element's HTML attributes.
+    pub attrs: HtmlAttrs,
+
+    /// The contents of the HTML element.
+    ///
+    /// The body can be arbitrary Typst content.
+    #[positional]
+    pub body: Option<Content>,
 }
 
-/// Generate a `<head>` element.
-fn head_element(info: &DocumentInfo) -> HtmlElement {
-    let mut children = vec![];
-
-    children.push(HtmlElement::new(tag::meta).with_attr(attr::charset, "utf-8").into());
-
-    children.push(
-        HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
-            .with_attr(attr::name, "viewport")
-            .with_attr(attr::content, "width=device-width, initial-scale=1")
-            .into(),
-    );
-
-    if let Some(title) = &info.title {
-        children.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::title)
-                .with_children(vec![HtmlNode::Text(title.clone(), Span::detached())])
-                .into(),
-        );
+impl HtmlElem {
+    /// Add an attribute to the element.
+    pub fn with_attr(mut self, attr: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) -> Self {
+        self.attrs
+            .as_option_mut()
+            .get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
+            .push(attr, value);
+        self
     }
 
-    if let Some(description) = &info.description {
-        children.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
-                .with_attr(attr::name, "description")
-                .with_attr(attr::content, description.clone())
-                .into(),
-        );
-    }
-
-    if !info.author.is_empty() {
-        children.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
-                .with_attr(attr::name, "authors")
-                .with_attr(attr::content, info.author.join(", "))
-                .into(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    if !info.keywords.is_empty() {
-        children.push(
-            HtmlElement::new(tag::meta)
-                .with_attr(attr::name, "keywords")
-                .with_attr(attr::content, info.keywords.join(", "))
-                .into(),
-        )
-    }
-
-    HtmlElement::new(tag::head).with_children(children)
-}
-
-/// Determine which kind of output the user generated.
-fn classify_output(mut output: Vec<HtmlNode>) -> SourceResult<OutputKind> {
-    let count = output.iter().filter(|node| !matches!(node, HtmlNode::Tag(_))).count();
-    for node in &mut output {
-        let HtmlNode::Element(elem) = node else { continue };
-        let tag = elem.tag;
-        let mut take = || std::mem::replace(elem, HtmlElement::new(tag::html));
-        match (tag, count) {
-            (tag::html, 1) => return Ok(OutputKind::Html(take())),
-            (tag::body, 1) => return Ok(OutputKind::Body(take())),
-            (tag::html | tag::body, _) => bail!(
-                elem.span,
-                "`{}` element must be the only element in the document",
-                elem.tag,
-            ),
-            _ => {}
+    /// Adds CSS styles to an element.
+    fn with_styles(self, properties: css::Properties) -> Self {
+        if let Some(value) = properties.into_inline_styles() {
+            self.with_attr(attr::style, value)
+        } else {
+            self
         }
     }
-    Ok(OutputKind::Leafs(output))
 }
 
-/// What kinds of output the user generated.
-enum OutputKind {
-    /// The user generated their own `<html>` element. We do not need to supply
-    /// one.
-    Html(HtmlElement),
-    /// The user generate their own `<body>` element. We do not need to supply
-    /// one, but need supply the `<html>` element.
-    Body(HtmlElement),
-    /// The user generated leafs which we wrap in a `<body>` and `<html>`.
-    Leafs(Vec<HtmlNode>),
+/// An element that lays out its content as an inline SVG.
+///
+/// Sometimes, converting Typst content to HTML is not desirable. This can be
+/// the case for plots and other content that relies on positioning and styling
+/// to convey its message.
+///
+/// This function allows you to use the Typst layout engine that would also be
+/// used for PDF, SVG, and PNG export to render a part of your document exactly
+/// how it would appear when exported in one of these formats. It embeds the
+/// content as an inline SVG.
+#[elem]
+pub struct FrameElem {
+    /// The content that shall be laid out.
+    #[positional]
+    #[required]
+    pub body: Content,
 }
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/rules.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/rules.rs
index 5bf25e79..04a58ca4 100644
--- a/crates/typst-html/src/rules.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/rules.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use typst_library::diag::warning;
 use typst_library::foundations::{
     Content, NativeElement, NativeRuleMap, ShowFn, Smart, StyleChain, Target,
 };
-use typst_library::html::{attr, tag, HtmlAttrs, HtmlElem, HtmlTag};
 use typst_library::introspection::{Counter, Locator};
 use typst_library::layout::resolve::{table_to_cellgrid, Cell, CellGrid, Entry};
 use typst_library::layout::{OuterVAlignment, Sizing};
@@ -20,11 +19,11 @@ use typst_library::text::{
 };
 use typst_library::visualize::ImageElem;
 
-use crate::css::{self, HtmlElemExt};
+use crate::{attr, css, tag, FrameElem, HtmlAttrs, HtmlElem, HtmlTag};
 
-/// Register show rules for the [HTML target](Target::Html).
+/// Registers show rules for the [HTML target](Target::Html).
 pub fn register(rules: &mut NativeRuleMap) {
-    use Target::Html;
+    use Target::{Html, Paged};
 
     // Model.
     rules.register(Html, STRONG_RULE);
@@ -53,6 +52,11 @@ pub fn register(rules: &mut NativeRuleMap) {
 
     // Visualize.
     rules.register(Html, IMAGE_RULE);
+
+    // For the HTML target, `html.frame` is a primitive. In the laid-out target,
+    // it should be a no-op so that nested frames don't break (things like `show
+    // math.equation: html.frame` can result in nested ones).
+    rules.register::<FrameElem>(Paged, |elem, _, _| Ok(elem.body.clone()));
 }
 
 const STRONG_RULE: ShowFn<StrongElem> = |elem, _, _| {
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/tag.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/tag.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..89c50e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/tag.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+//! Predefined constants for HTML tags.
+
+#![allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
+
+use crate::HtmlTag;
+
+pub const a: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("a");
+pub const abbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("abbr");
+pub const address: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("address");
+pub const area: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("area");
+pub const article: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("article");
+pub const aside: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("aside");
+pub const audio: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("audio");
+pub const b: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("b");
+pub const base: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("base");
+pub const bdi: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdi");
+pub const bdo: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdo");
+pub const blockquote: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("blockquote");
+pub const body: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("body");
+pub const br: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("br");
+pub const button: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("button");
+pub const canvas: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("canvas");
+pub const caption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("caption");
+pub const cite: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("cite");
+pub const code: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("code");
+pub const col: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("col");
+pub const colgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("colgroup");
+pub const data: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("data");
+pub const datalist: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("datalist");
+pub const dd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dd");
+pub const del: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("del");
+pub const details: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("details");
+pub const dfn: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dfn");
+pub const dialog: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dialog");
+pub const div: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("div");
+pub const dl: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dl");
+pub const dt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dt");
+pub const em: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("em");
+pub const embed: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("embed");
+pub const fieldset: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("fieldset");
+pub const figcaption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figcaption");
+pub const figure: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figure");
+pub const footer: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("footer");
+pub const form: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("form");
+pub const h1: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h1");
+pub const h2: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h2");
+pub const h3: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h3");
+pub const h4: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h4");
+pub const h5: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h5");
+pub const h6: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h6");
+pub const head: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("head");
+pub const header: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("header");
+pub const hgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hgroup");
+pub const hr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hr");
+pub const html: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("html");
+pub const i: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("i");
+pub const iframe: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("iframe");
+pub const img: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("img");
+pub const input: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("input");
+pub const ins: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ins");
+pub const kbd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("kbd");
+pub const label: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("label");
+pub const legend: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("legend");
+pub const li: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("li");
+pub const link: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("link");
+pub const main: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("main");
+pub const map: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("map");
+pub const mark: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("mark");
+pub const menu: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("menu");
+pub const meta: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meta");
+pub const meter: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meter");
+pub const nav: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("nav");
+pub const noscript: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("noscript");
+pub const object: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("object");
+pub const ol: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ol");
+pub const optgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("optgroup");
+pub const option: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("option");
+pub const output: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("output");
+pub const p: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("p");
+pub const picture: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("picture");
+pub const pre: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("pre");
+pub const progress: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("progress");
+pub const q: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("q");
+pub const rp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rp");
+pub const rt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rt");
+pub const ruby: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ruby");
+pub const s: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("s");
+pub const samp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("samp");
+pub const script: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("script");
+pub const search: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("search");
+pub const section: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("section");
+pub const select: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("select");
+pub const slot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("slot");
+pub const small: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("small");
+pub const source: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("source");
+pub const span: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("span");
+pub const strong: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("strong");
+pub const style: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("style");
+pub const sub: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sub");
+pub const summary: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("summary");
+pub const sup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sup");
+pub const table: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("table");
+pub const tbody: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tbody");
+pub const td: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("td");
+pub const template: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("template");
+pub const textarea: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("textarea");
+pub const tfoot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tfoot");
+pub const th: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("th");
+pub const thead: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("thead");
+pub const time: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("time");
+pub const title: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("title");
+pub const tr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tr");
+pub const track: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("track");
+pub const u: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("u");
+pub const ul: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ul");
+pub const var: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("var");
+pub const video: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("video");
+pub const wbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("wbr");
+
+/// Whether this is a void tag whose associated element may not have
+/// children.
+pub fn is_void(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        tag,
+        self::area
+            | self::base
+            | self::br
+            | self::col
+            | self::embed
+            | self::hr
+            | self::img
+            | self::input
+            | self::link
+            | self::meta
+            | self::source
+            | self::track
+            | self::wbr
+    )
+}
+
+/// Whether this is a tag containing raw text.
+pub fn is_raw(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(tag, self::script | self::style)
+}
+
+/// Whether this is a tag containing escapable raw text.
+pub fn is_escapable_raw(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(tag, self::textarea | self::title)
+}
+
+/// Whether an element is considered metadata.
+pub fn is_metadata(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        tag,
+        self::base
+            | self::link
+            | self::meta
+            | self::noscript
+            | self::script
+            | self::style
+            | self::template
+            | self::title
+    )
+}
+
+/// Whether nodes with the tag have the CSS property `display: block` by
+/// default.
+pub fn is_block_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        tag,
+        self::html
+            | self::head
+            | self::body
+            | self::article
+            | self::aside
+            | self::h1
+            | self::h2
+            | self::h3
+            | self::h4
+            | self::h5
+            | self::h6
+            | self::hgroup
+            | self::nav
+            | self::section
+            | self::dd
+            | self::dl
+            | self::dt
+            | self::menu
+            | self::ol
+            | self::ul
+            | self::address
+            | self::blockquote
+            | self::dialog
+            | self::div
+            | self::fieldset
+            | self::figure
+            | self::figcaption
+            | self::footer
+            | self::form
+            | self::header
+            | self::hr
+            | self::legend
+            | self::main
+            | self::p
+            | self::pre
+            | self::search
+    )
+}
+
+/// Whether the element is inline-level as opposed to being block-level.
+///
+/// Not sure whether this distinction really makes sense. But we somehow
+/// need to decide what to put into automatic paragraphs. A `<strong>`
+/// should merged into a paragraph created by realization, but a `<div>`
+/// shouldn't.
+///
+/// <https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#block-inline>
+/// <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content>
+/// <https://github.com/orgs/mdn/discussions/353>
+pub fn is_inline_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        tag,
+        self::abbr
+            | self::a
+            | self::bdi
+            | self::b
+            | self::br
+            | self::bdo
+            | self::code
+            | self::cite
+            | self::dfn
+            | self::data
+            | self::i
+            | self::em
+            | self::mark
+            | self::kbd
+            | self::rp
+            | self::q
+            | self::ruby
+            | self::rt
+            | self::samp
+            | self::s
+            | self::span
+            | self::small
+            | self::sub
+            | self::strong
+            | self::time
+            | self::sup
+            | self::var
+            | self::u
+    )
+}
+
+/// Whether nodes with the tag have the CSS property `display: table(-.*)?`
+/// by default.
+pub fn is_tabular_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
+    matches!(
+        tag,
+        self::table
+            | self::thead
+            | self::tbody
+            | self::tfoot
+            | self::tr
+            | self::th
+            | self::td
+            | self::caption
+            | self::col
+            | self::colgroup
+    )
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-html/src/typed.rs b/crates/typst-html/src/typed.rs
index 4b794bbb..190ff4f1 100644
--- a/crates/typst-html/src/typed.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-html/src/typed.rs
@@ -18,13 +18,11 @@ use typst_library::foundations::{
     FromValue, IntoValue, NativeFuncData, NativeFuncPtr, NoneValue, ParamInfo,
     PositiveF64, Reflect, Scope, Str, Type, Value,
 };
-use typst_library::html::tag;
-use typst_library::html::{HtmlAttr, HtmlAttrs, HtmlElem, HtmlTag};
 use typst_library::layout::{Axes, Axis, Dir, Length};
 use typst_library::visualize::Color;
 use typst_macros::cast;
 
-use crate::css;
+use crate::{css, tag, HtmlAttr, HtmlAttrs, HtmlElem, HtmlTag};
 
 /// Hook up all typed HTML definitions.
 pub(super) fn define(html: &mut Scope) {
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs
index f4f1c091..cb029dce 100644
--- a/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/flow/mod.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ fn layout_fragment_impl(
     let mut kind = FragmentKind::Block;
     let arenas = Arenas::default();
     let children = (engine.routines.realize)(
-        RealizationKind::LayoutFragment(&mut kind),
+        RealizationKind::LayoutFragment { kind: &mut kind },
         &mut engine,
         &mut locator,
         &arenas,
diff --git a/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs
index 14dc0f3f..ec0dc2c0 100644
--- a/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-layout/src/pages/mod.rs
@@ -4,14 +4,16 @@ mod collect;
 mod finalize;
 mod run;
 
+use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+
 use comemo::{Tracked, TrackedMut};
 use typst_library::diag::SourceResult;
 use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
 use typst_library::foundations::{Content, StyleChain};
 use typst_library::introspection::{
-    Introspector, Locator, ManualPageCounter, SplitLocator, TagElem,
+    Introspector, IntrospectorBuilder, Locator, ManualPageCounter, SplitLocator, TagElem,
 };
-use typst_library::layout::{FrameItem, Page, PagedDocument, Point};
+use typst_library::layout::{FrameItem, Page, PagedDocument, Point, Transform};
 use typst_library::model::DocumentInfo;
 use typst_library::routines::{Arenas, Pair, RealizationKind, Routines};
 use typst_library::World;
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ fn layout_document_impl(
     let arenas = Arenas::default();
     let mut info = DocumentInfo::default();
     let mut children = (engine.routines.realize)(
-        RealizationKind::LayoutDocument(&mut info),
+        RealizationKind::LayoutDocument { info: &mut info },
         &mut engine,
         &mut locator,
         &arenas,
@@ -84,7 +86,7 @@ fn layout_document_impl(
     )?;
 
     let pages = layout_pages(&mut engine, &mut children, &mut locator, styles)?;
-    let introspector = Introspector::paged(&pages);
+    let introspector = introspect_pages(&pages);
 
     Ok(PagedDocument { pages, info, introspector })
 }
@@ -157,3 +159,27 @@ fn layout_pages<'a>(
 
     Ok(pages)
 }
+
+/// Introspects pages.
+#[typst_macros::time(name = "introspect pages")]
+fn introspect_pages(pages: &[Page]) -> Introspector {
+    let mut builder = IntrospectorBuilder::new();
+    builder.pages = pages.len();
+    builder.page_numberings.reserve(pages.len());
+    builder.page_supplements.reserve(pages.len());
+
+    // Discover all elements.
+    let mut elems = Vec::new();
+    for (i, page) in pages.iter().enumerate() {
+        builder.page_numberings.push(page.numbering.clone());
+        builder.page_supplements.push(page.supplement.clone());
+        builder.discover_in_frame(
+            &mut elems,
+            &page.frame,
+            NonZeroUsize::new(1 + i).unwrap(),
+            Transform::identity(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    builder.finalize(elems)
+}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/html/dom.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/html/dom.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 49ff37c4..00000000
--- a/crates/typst-library/src/html/dom.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,828 +0,0 @@
-use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display, Formatter};
-
-use ecow::{EcoString, EcoVec};
-use typst_syntax::Span;
-use typst_utils::{PicoStr, ResolvedPicoStr};
-
-use crate::diag::{bail, HintedStrResult, StrResult};
-use crate::foundations::{cast, Dict, Repr, Str};
-use crate::introspection::{Introspector, Tag};
-use crate::layout::{Abs, Frame};
-use crate::model::DocumentInfo;
-
-/// An HTML document.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct HtmlDocument {
-    /// The document's root HTML element.
-    pub root: HtmlElement,
-    /// Details about the document.
-    pub info: DocumentInfo,
-    /// Provides the ability to execute queries on the document.
-    pub introspector: Introspector,
-}
-
-/// A child of an HTML element.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
-pub enum HtmlNode {
-    /// An introspectable element that produced something within this node.
-    Tag(Tag),
-    /// Plain text.
-    Text(EcoString, Span),
-    /// Another element.
-    Element(HtmlElement),
-    /// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
-    Frame(HtmlFrame),
-}
-
-impl HtmlNode {
-    /// Create a plain text node.
-    pub fn text(text: impl Into<EcoString>, span: Span) -> Self {
-        Self::Text(text.into(), span)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<HtmlElement> for HtmlNode {
-    fn from(element: HtmlElement) -> Self {
-        Self::Element(element)
-    }
-}
-
-/// An HTML element.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
-pub struct HtmlElement {
-    /// The HTML tag.
-    pub tag: HtmlTag,
-    /// The element's attributes.
-    pub attrs: HtmlAttrs,
-    /// The element's children.
-    pub children: Vec<HtmlNode>,
-    /// The span from which the element originated, if any.
-    pub span: Span,
-}
-
-impl HtmlElement {
-    /// Create a new, blank element without attributes or children.
-    pub fn new(tag: HtmlTag) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            tag,
-            attrs: HtmlAttrs::default(),
-            children: vec![],
-            span: Span::detached(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Attach children to the element.
-    ///
-    /// Note: This overwrites potential previous children.
-    pub fn with_children(mut self, children: Vec<HtmlNode>) -> Self {
-        self.children = children;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Add an atribute to the element.
-    pub fn with_attr(mut self, key: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) -> Self {
-        self.attrs.push(key, value);
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Attach a span to the element.
-    pub fn spanned(mut self, span: Span) -> Self {
-        self.span = span;
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// The tag of an HTML element.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct HtmlTag(PicoStr);
-
-impl HtmlTag {
-    /// Intern an HTML tag string at runtime.
-    pub fn intern(string: &str) -> StrResult<Self> {
-        if string.is_empty() {
-            bail!("tag name must not be empty");
-        }
-
-        if let Some(c) = string.chars().find(|&c| !charsets::is_valid_in_tag_name(c)) {
-            bail!("the character {} is not valid in a tag name", c.repr());
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self(PicoStr::intern(string)))
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a compile-time constant `HtmlTag`.
-    ///
-    /// Should only be used in const contexts because it can panic.
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub const fn constant(string: &'static str) -> Self {
-        if string.is_empty() {
-            panic!("tag name must not be empty");
-        }
-
-        let bytes = string.as_bytes();
-        let mut i = 0;
-        while i < bytes.len() {
-            if !bytes[i].is_ascii() || !charsets::is_valid_in_tag_name(bytes[i] as char) {
-                panic!("not all characters are valid in a tag name");
-            }
-            i += 1;
-        }
-
-        Self(PicoStr::constant(string))
-    }
-
-    /// Resolves the tag to a string.
-    pub fn resolve(self) -> ResolvedPicoStr {
-        self.0.resolve()
-    }
-
-    /// Turns the tag into its inner interned string.
-    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> PicoStr {
-        self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Debug for HtmlTag {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        Display::fmt(self, f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Display for HtmlTag {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "<{}>", self.resolve())
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    HtmlTag,
-    self => self.0.resolve().as_str().into_value(),
-    v: Str => Self::intern(&v)?,
-}
-
-/// Attributes of an HTML element.
-#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct HtmlAttrs(pub EcoVec<(HtmlAttr, EcoString)>);
-
-impl HtmlAttrs {
-    /// Creates an empty attribute list.
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    /// Add an attribute.
-    pub fn push(&mut self, attr: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) {
-        self.0.push((attr, value.into()));
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    HtmlAttrs,
-    self => self.0
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(key, value)| (key.resolve().as_str().into(), value.into_value()))
-        .collect::<Dict>()
-        .into_value(),
-    values: Dict => Self(values
-        .into_iter()
-        .map(|(k, v)| {
-            let attr = HtmlAttr::intern(&k)?;
-            let value = v.cast::<EcoString>()?;
-            Ok((attr, value))
-        })
-        .collect::<HintedStrResult<_>>()?),
-}
-
-/// An attribute of an HTML element.
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
-pub struct HtmlAttr(PicoStr);
-
-impl HtmlAttr {
-    /// Intern an HTML attribute string at runtime.
-    pub fn intern(string: &str) -> StrResult<Self> {
-        if string.is_empty() {
-            bail!("attribute name must not be empty");
-        }
-
-        if let Some(c) =
-            string.chars().find(|&c| !charsets::is_valid_in_attribute_name(c))
-        {
-            bail!("the character {} is not valid in an attribute name", c.repr());
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self(PicoStr::intern(string)))
-    }
-
-    /// Creates a compile-time constant `HtmlAttr`.
-    ///
-    /// Must only be used in const contexts (in a constant definition or
-    /// explicit `const { .. }` block) because otherwise a panic for a malformed
-    /// attribute or not auto-internible constant will only be caught at
-    /// runtime.
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub const fn constant(string: &'static str) -> Self {
-        if string.is_empty() {
-            panic!("attribute name must not be empty");
-        }
-
-        let bytes = string.as_bytes();
-        let mut i = 0;
-        while i < bytes.len() {
-            if !bytes[i].is_ascii()
-                || !charsets::is_valid_in_attribute_name(bytes[i] as char)
-            {
-                panic!("not all characters are valid in an attribute name");
-            }
-            i += 1;
-        }
-
-        Self(PicoStr::constant(string))
-    }
-
-    /// Resolves the attribute to a string.
-    pub fn resolve(self) -> ResolvedPicoStr {
-        self.0.resolve()
-    }
-
-    /// Turns the attribute into its inner interned string.
-    pub const fn into_inner(self) -> PicoStr {
-        self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Debug for HtmlAttr {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        Display::fmt(self, f)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Display for HtmlAttr {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.resolve())
-    }
-}
-
-cast! {
-    HtmlAttr,
-    self => self.0.resolve().as_str().into_value(),
-    v: Str => Self::intern(&v)?,
-}
-
-/// Layouted content that will be embedded into HTML as an SVG.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Hash)]
-pub struct HtmlFrame {
-    /// The frame that will be displayed as an SVG.
-    pub inner: Frame,
-    /// The text size where the frame was defined. This is used to size the
-    /// frame with em units to make text in and outside of the frame sized
-    /// consistently.
-    pub text_size: Abs,
-}
-
-/// Defines syntactical properties of HTML tags, attributes, and text.
-pub mod charsets {
-    /// Check whether a character is in a tag name.
-    pub const fn is_valid_in_tag_name(c: char) -> bool {
-        c.is_ascii_alphanumeric()
-    }
-
-    /// Check whether a character is valid in an attribute name.
-    pub const fn is_valid_in_attribute_name(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            // These are forbidden.
-            '\0' | ' ' | '"' | '\'' | '>' | '/' | '=' => false,
-            c if is_whatwg_control_char(c) => false,
-            c if is_whatwg_non_char(c) => false,
-            // _Everything_ else is allowed, including U+2029 paragraph
-            // separator. Go wild.
-            _ => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Check whether a character can be an used in an attribute value without
-    /// escaping.
-    ///
-    /// See <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/syntax.html#attributes-2>
-    pub const fn is_valid_in_attribute_value(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            // Ampersands are sometimes legal (i.e. when they are not _ambiguous
-            // ampersands_) but it is not worth the trouble to check for that.
-            '&' => false,
-            // Quotation marks are not allowed in double-quote-delimited attribute
-            // values.
-            '"' => false,
-            // All other text characters are allowed.
-            c => is_w3c_text_char(c),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Check whether a character can be an used in normal text without
-    /// escaping.
-    pub const fn is_valid_in_normal_element_text(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            // Ampersands are sometimes legal (i.e. when they are not _ambiguous
-            // ampersands_) but it is not worth the trouble to check for that.
-            '&' => false,
-            // Less-than signs are not allowed in text.
-            '<' => false,
-            // All other text characters are allowed.
-            c => is_w3c_text_char(c),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Check if something is valid text in HTML.
-    pub const fn is_w3c_text_char(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            // Non-characters are obviously not text characters.
-            c if is_whatwg_non_char(c) => false,
-            // Control characters are disallowed, except for whitespace.
-            c if is_whatwg_control_char(c) => c.is_ascii_whitespace(),
-            // Everything else is allowed.
-            _ => true,
-        }
-    }
-
-    const fn is_whatwg_non_char(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            '\u{fdd0}'..='\u{fdef}' => true,
-            // Non-characters matching xxFFFE or xxFFFF up to x10FFFF (inclusive).
-            c if c as u32 & 0xfffe == 0xfffe && c as u32 <= 0x10ffff => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-
-    const fn is_whatwg_control_char(c: char) -> bool {
-        match c {
-            // C0 control characters.
-            '\u{00}'..='\u{1f}' => true,
-            // Other control characters.
-            '\u{7f}'..='\u{9f}' => true,
-            _ => false,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Predefined constants for HTML tags.
-#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-pub mod tag {
-    use super::HtmlTag;
-
-    pub const a: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("a");
-    pub const abbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("abbr");
-    pub const address: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("address");
-    pub const area: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("area");
-    pub const article: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("article");
-    pub const aside: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("aside");
-    pub const audio: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("audio");
-    pub const b: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("b");
-    pub const base: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("base");
-    pub const bdi: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdi");
-    pub const bdo: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("bdo");
-    pub const blockquote: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("blockquote");
-    pub const body: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("body");
-    pub const br: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("br");
-    pub const button: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("button");
-    pub const canvas: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("canvas");
-    pub const caption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("caption");
-    pub const cite: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("cite");
-    pub const code: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("code");
-    pub const col: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("col");
-    pub const colgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("colgroup");
-    pub const data: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("data");
-    pub const datalist: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("datalist");
-    pub const dd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dd");
-    pub const del: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("del");
-    pub const details: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("details");
-    pub const dfn: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dfn");
-    pub const dialog: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dialog");
-    pub const div: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("div");
-    pub const dl: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dl");
-    pub const dt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("dt");
-    pub const em: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("em");
-    pub const embed: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("embed");
-    pub const fieldset: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("fieldset");
-    pub const figcaption: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figcaption");
-    pub const figure: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("figure");
-    pub const footer: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("footer");
-    pub const form: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("form");
-    pub const h1: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h1");
-    pub const h2: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h2");
-    pub const h3: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h3");
-    pub const h4: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h4");
-    pub const h5: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h5");
-    pub const h6: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("h6");
-    pub const head: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("head");
-    pub const header: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("header");
-    pub const hgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hgroup");
-    pub const hr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("hr");
-    pub const html: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("html");
-    pub const i: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("i");
-    pub const iframe: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("iframe");
-    pub const img: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("img");
-    pub const input: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("input");
-    pub const ins: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ins");
-    pub const kbd: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("kbd");
-    pub const label: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("label");
-    pub const legend: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("legend");
-    pub const li: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("li");
-    pub const link: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("link");
-    pub const main: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("main");
-    pub const map: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("map");
-    pub const mark: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("mark");
-    pub const menu: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("menu");
-    pub const meta: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meta");
-    pub const meter: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("meter");
-    pub const nav: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("nav");
-    pub const noscript: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("noscript");
-    pub const object: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("object");
-    pub const ol: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ol");
-    pub const optgroup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("optgroup");
-    pub const option: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("option");
-    pub const output: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("output");
-    pub const p: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("p");
-    pub const picture: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("picture");
-    pub const pre: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("pre");
-    pub const progress: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("progress");
-    pub const q: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("q");
-    pub const rp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rp");
-    pub const rt: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("rt");
-    pub const ruby: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ruby");
-    pub const s: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("s");
-    pub const samp: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("samp");
-    pub const script: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("script");
-    pub const search: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("search");
-    pub const section: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("section");
-    pub const select: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("select");
-    pub const slot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("slot");
-    pub const small: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("small");
-    pub const source: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("source");
-    pub const span: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("span");
-    pub const strong: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("strong");
-    pub const style: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("style");
-    pub const sub: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sub");
-    pub const summary: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("summary");
-    pub const sup: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("sup");
-    pub const table: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("table");
-    pub const tbody: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tbody");
-    pub const td: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("td");
-    pub const template: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("template");
-    pub const textarea: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("textarea");
-    pub const tfoot: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tfoot");
-    pub const th: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("th");
-    pub const thead: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("thead");
-    pub const time: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("time");
-    pub const title: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("title");
-    pub const tr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("tr");
-    pub const track: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("track");
-    pub const u: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("u");
-    pub const ul: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("ul");
-    pub const var: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("var");
-    pub const video: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("video");
-    pub const wbr: HtmlTag = HtmlTag::constant("wbr");
-
-    /// Whether this is a void tag whose associated element may not have
-    /// children.
-    pub fn is_void(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            tag,
-            self::area
-                | self::base
-                | self::br
-                | self::col
-                | self::embed
-                | self::hr
-                | self::img
-                | self::input
-                | self::link
-                | self::meta
-                | self::source
-                | self::track
-                | self::wbr
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this is a tag containing raw text.
-    pub fn is_raw(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(tag, self::script | self::style)
-    }
-
-    /// Whether this is a tag containing escapable raw text.
-    pub fn is_escapable_raw(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(tag, self::textarea | self::title)
-    }
-
-    /// Whether an element is considered metadata.
-    pub fn is_metadata(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            tag,
-            self::base
-                | self::link
-                | self::meta
-                | self::noscript
-                | self::script
-                | self::style
-                | self::template
-                | self::title
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Whether nodes with the tag have the CSS property `display: block` by
-    /// default.
-    pub fn is_block_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            tag,
-            self::html
-                | self::head
-                | self::body
-                | self::article
-                | self::aside
-                | self::h1
-                | self::h2
-                | self::h3
-                | self::h4
-                | self::h5
-                | self::h6
-                | self::hgroup
-                | self::nav
-                | self::section
-                | self::dd
-                | self::dl
-                | self::dt
-                | self::menu
-                | self::ol
-                | self::ul
-                | self::address
-                | self::blockquote
-                | self::dialog
-                | self::div
-                | self::fieldset
-                | self::figure
-                | self::figcaption
-                | self::footer
-                | self::form
-                | self::header
-                | self::hr
-                | self::legend
-                | self::main
-                | self::p
-                | self::pre
-                | self::search
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Whether the element is inline-level as opposed to being block-level.
-    ///
-    /// Not sure whether this distinction really makes sense. But we somehow
-    /// need to decide what to put into automatic paragraphs. A `<strong>`
-    /// should merged into a paragraph created by realization, but a `<div>`
-    /// shouldn't.
-    ///
-    /// <https://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/global.html#block-inline>
-    /// <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Inline-level_content>
-    /// <https://github.com/orgs/mdn/discussions/353>
-    pub fn is_inline_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            tag,
-            self::abbr
-                | self::a
-                | self::bdi
-                | self::b
-                | self::br
-                | self::bdo
-                | self::code
-                | self::cite
-                | self::dfn
-                | self::data
-                | self::i
-                | self::em
-                | self::mark
-                | self::kbd
-                | self::rp
-                | self::q
-                | self::ruby
-                | self::rt
-                | self::samp
-                | self::s
-                | self::span
-                | self::small
-                | self::sub
-                | self::strong
-                | self::time
-                | self::sup
-                | self::var
-                | self::u
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Whether nodes with the tag have the CSS property `display: table(-.*)?`
-    /// by default.
-    pub fn is_tabular_by_default(tag: HtmlTag) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            tag,
-            self::table
-                | self::thead
-                | self::tbody
-                | self::tfoot
-                | self::tr
-                | self::th
-                | self::td
-                | self::caption
-                | self::col
-                | self::colgroup
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[allow(non_upper_case_globals)]
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-pub mod attr {
-    use crate::html::HtmlAttr;
-    pub const abbr: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("abbr");
-    pub const accept: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept");
-    pub const accept_charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accept-charset");
-    pub const accesskey: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("accesskey");
-    pub const action: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("action");
-    pub const allow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allow");
-    pub const allowfullscreen: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("allowfullscreen");
-    pub const alpha: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alpha");
-    pub const alt: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("alt");
-    pub const aria_activedescendant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-activedescendant");
-    pub const aria_atomic: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-atomic");
-    pub const aria_autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-autocomplete");
-    pub const aria_busy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-busy");
-    pub const aria_checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-checked");
-    pub const aria_colcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colcount");
-    pub const aria_colindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colindex");
-    pub const aria_colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-colspan");
-    pub const aria_controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-controls");
-    pub const aria_current: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-current");
-    pub const aria_describedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-describedby");
-    pub const aria_details: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-details");
-    pub const aria_disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-disabled");
-    pub const aria_errormessage: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-errormessage");
-    pub const aria_expanded: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-expanded");
-    pub const aria_flowto: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-flowto");
-    pub const aria_haspopup: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-haspopup");
-    pub const aria_hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-hidden");
-    pub const aria_invalid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-invalid");
-    pub const aria_keyshortcuts: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-keyshortcuts");
-    pub const aria_label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-label");
-    pub const aria_labelledby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-labelledby");
-    pub const aria_level: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-level");
-    pub const aria_live: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-live");
-    pub const aria_modal: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-modal");
-    pub const aria_multiline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiline");
-    pub const aria_multiselectable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-multiselectable");
-    pub const aria_orientation: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-orientation");
-    pub const aria_owns: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-owns");
-    pub const aria_placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-placeholder");
-    pub const aria_posinset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-posinset");
-    pub const aria_pressed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-pressed");
-    pub const aria_readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-readonly");
-    pub const aria_relevant: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-relevant");
-    pub const aria_required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-required");
-    pub const aria_roledescription: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-roledescription");
-    pub const aria_rowcount: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowcount");
-    pub const aria_rowindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowindex");
-    pub const aria_rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-rowspan");
-    pub const aria_selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-selected");
-    pub const aria_setsize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-setsize");
-    pub const aria_sort: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-sort");
-    pub const aria_valuemax: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemax");
-    pub const aria_valuemin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuemin");
-    pub const aria_valuenow: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuenow");
-    pub const aria_valuetext: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("aria-valuetext");
-    pub const r#as: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("as");
-    pub const r#async: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("async");
-    pub const autocapitalize: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocapitalize");
-    pub const autocomplete: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocomplete");
-    pub const autocorrect: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autocorrect");
-    pub const autofocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autofocus");
-    pub const autoplay: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("autoplay");
-    pub const blocking: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("blocking");
-    pub const charset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("charset");
-    pub const checked: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("checked");
-    pub const cite: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cite");
-    pub const class: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("class");
-    pub const closedby: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("closedby");
-    pub const color: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("color");
-    pub const colorspace: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colorspace");
-    pub const cols: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("cols");
-    pub const colspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("colspan");
-    pub const command: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("command");
-    pub const commandfor: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("commandfor");
-    pub const content: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("content");
-    pub const contenteditable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("contenteditable");
-    pub const controls: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("controls");
-    pub const coords: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("coords");
-    pub const crossorigin: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("crossorigin");
-    pub const data: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("data");
-    pub const datetime: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("datetime");
-    pub const decoding: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("decoding");
-    pub const default: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("default");
-    pub const defer: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("defer");
-    pub const dir: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dir");
-    pub const dirname: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("dirname");
-    pub const disabled: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("disabled");
-    pub const download: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("download");
-    pub const draggable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("draggable");
-    pub const enctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enctype");
-    pub const enterkeyhint: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("enterkeyhint");
-    pub const fetchpriority: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("fetchpriority");
-    pub const r#for: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("for");
-    pub const form: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("form");
-    pub const formaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formaction");
-    pub const formenctype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formenctype");
-    pub const formmethod: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formmethod");
-    pub const formnovalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formnovalidate");
-    pub const formtarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("formtarget");
-    pub const headers: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("headers");
-    pub const height: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("height");
-    pub const hidden: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hidden");
-    pub const high: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("high");
-    pub const href: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("href");
-    pub const hreflang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("hreflang");
-    pub const http_equiv: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("http-equiv");
-    pub const id: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("id");
-    pub const imagesizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesizes");
-    pub const imagesrcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("imagesrcset");
-    pub const inert: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inert");
-    pub const inputmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("inputmode");
-    pub const integrity: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("integrity");
-    pub const is: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("is");
-    pub const ismap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ismap");
-    pub const itemid: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemid");
-    pub const itemprop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemprop");
-    pub const itemref: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemref");
-    pub const itemscope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemscope");
-    pub const itemtype: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("itemtype");
-    pub const kind: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("kind");
-    pub const label: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("label");
-    pub const lang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("lang");
-    pub const list: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("list");
-    pub const loading: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loading");
-    pub const r#loop: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("loop");
-    pub const low: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("low");
-    pub const max: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("max");
-    pub const maxlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("maxlength");
-    pub const media: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("media");
-    pub const method: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("method");
-    pub const min: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("min");
-    pub const minlength: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("minlength");
-    pub const multiple: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("multiple");
-    pub const muted: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("muted");
-    pub const name: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("name");
-    pub const nomodule: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nomodule");
-    pub const nonce: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("nonce");
-    pub const novalidate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("novalidate");
-    pub const open: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("open");
-    pub const optimum: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("optimum");
-    pub const pattern: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("pattern");
-    pub const ping: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("ping");
-    pub const placeholder: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("placeholder");
-    pub const playsinline: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("playsinline");
-    pub const popover: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popover");
-    pub const popovertarget: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertarget");
-    pub const popovertargetaction: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("popovertargetaction");
-    pub const poster: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("poster");
-    pub const preload: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("preload");
-    pub const readonly: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("readonly");
-    pub const referrerpolicy: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("referrerpolicy");
-    pub const rel: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rel");
-    pub const required: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("required");
-    pub const reversed: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("reversed");
-    pub const role: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("role");
-    pub const rows: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rows");
-    pub const rowspan: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("rowspan");
-    pub const sandbox: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sandbox");
-    pub const scope: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("scope");
-    pub const selected: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("selected");
-    pub const shadowrootclonable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootclonable");
-    pub const shadowrootcustomelementregistry: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootcustomelementregistry");
-    pub const shadowrootdelegatesfocus: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootdelegatesfocus");
-    pub const shadowrootmode: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootmode");
-    pub const shadowrootserializable: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shadowrootserializable");
-    pub const shape: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("shape");
-    pub const size: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("size");
-    pub const sizes: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("sizes");
-    pub const slot: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("slot");
-    pub const span: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("span");
-    pub const spellcheck: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("spellcheck");
-    pub const src: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("src");
-    pub const srcdoc: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcdoc");
-    pub const srclang: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srclang");
-    pub const srcset: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("srcset");
-    pub const start: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("start");
-    pub const step: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("step");
-    pub const style: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("style");
-    pub const tabindex: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("tabindex");
-    pub const target: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("target");
-    pub const title: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("title");
-    pub const translate: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("translate");
-    pub const r#type: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("type");
-    pub const usemap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("usemap");
-    pub const value: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("value");
-    pub const width: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("width");
-    pub const wrap: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("wrap");
-    pub const writingsuggestions: HtmlAttr = HtmlAttr::constant("writingsuggestions");
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/html/mod.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/html/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ca2cc031..00000000
--- a/crates/typst-library/src/html/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-//! HTML output.
-
-mod dom;
-
-pub use self::dom::*;
-
-use ecow::EcoString;
-
-use crate::foundations::{elem, Content};
-
-/// An HTML element that can contain Typst content.
-///
-/// Typst's HTML export automatically generates the appropriate tags for most
-/// elements. However, sometimes, it is desirable to retain more control. For
-/// example, when using Typst to generate your blog, you could use this function
-/// to wrap each article in an `<article>` tag.
-///
-/// Typst is aware of what is valid HTML. A tag and its attributes must form
-/// syntactically valid HTML. Some tags, like `meta` do not accept content.
-/// Hence, you must not provide a body for them. We may add more checks in the
-/// future, so be sure that you are generating valid HTML when using this
-/// function.
-///
-/// Normally, Typst will generate `html`, `head`, and `body` tags for you. If
-/// you instead create them with this function, Typst will omit its own tags.
-///
-/// ```typ
-/// #html.elem("div", attrs: (style: "background: aqua"))[
-///   A div with _Typst content_ inside!
-/// ]
-/// ```
-#[elem(name = "elem")]
-pub struct HtmlElem {
-    /// The element's tag.
-    #[required]
-    pub tag: HtmlTag,
-
-    /// The element's HTML attributes.
-    pub attrs: HtmlAttrs,
-
-    /// The contents of the HTML element.
-    ///
-    /// The body can be arbitrary Typst content.
-    #[positional]
-    pub body: Option<Content>,
-}
-
-impl HtmlElem {
-    /// Add an attribute to the element.
-    pub fn with_attr(mut self, attr: HtmlAttr, value: impl Into<EcoString>) -> Self {
-        self.attrs
-            .as_option_mut()
-            .get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
-            .push(attr, value);
-        self
-    }
-}
-
-/// An element that lays out its content as an inline SVG.
-///
-/// Sometimes, converting Typst content to HTML is not desirable. This can be
-/// the case for plots and other content that relies on positioning and styling
-/// to convey its message.
-///
-/// This function allows you to use the Typst layout engine that would also be
-/// used for PDF, SVG, and PNG export to render a part of your document exactly
-/// how it would appear when exported in one of these formats. It embeds the
-/// content as an inline SVG.
-#[elem]
-pub struct FrameElem {
-    /// The content that shall be laid out.
-    #[positional]
-    #[required]
-    pub body: Content,
-}
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs
index d2ad0525..de74c55f 100644
--- a/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/introspection/introspector.rs
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ use typst_utils::NonZeroExt;
 
 use crate::diag::{bail, StrResult};
 use crate::foundations::{Content, Label, Repr, Selector};
-use crate::html::HtmlNode;
 use crate::introspection::{Location, Tag};
-use crate::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, Page, Point, Position, Transform};
+use crate::layout::{Frame, FrameItem, Point, Position, Transform};
 use crate::model::Numbering;
 
 /// Can be queried for elements and their positions.
@@ -47,18 +46,6 @@ pub struct Introspector {
 type Pair = (Content, Position);
 
 impl Introspector {
-    /// Creates an introspector for a page list.
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "introspect pages")]
-    pub fn paged(pages: &[Page]) -> Self {
-        IntrospectorBuilder::new().build_paged(pages)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates an introspector for HTML.
-    #[typst_macros::time(name = "introspect html")]
-    pub fn html(output: &[HtmlNode]) -> Self {
-        IntrospectorBuilder::new().build_html(output)
-    }
-
     /// Iterates over all locatable elements.
     pub fn all(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &Content> + '_ {
         self.elems.iter().map(|(c, _)| c)
@@ -352,10 +339,10 @@ impl Clone for QueryCache {
 
 /// Builds the introspector.
 #[derive(Default)]
-struct IntrospectorBuilder {
-    pages: usize,
-    page_numberings: Vec<Option<Numbering>>,
-    page_supplements: Vec<Content>,
+pub struct IntrospectorBuilder {
+    pub pages: usize,
+    pub page_numberings: Vec<Option<Numbering>>,
+    pub page_supplements: Vec<Content>,
     seen: HashSet<Location>,
     insertions: MultiMap<Location, Vec<Pair>>,
     keys: MultiMap<u128, Location>,
@@ -365,41 +352,12 @@ struct IntrospectorBuilder {
 
 impl IntrospectorBuilder {
     /// Create an empty builder.
-    fn new() -> Self {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    /// Build an introspector for a page list.
-    fn build_paged(mut self, pages: &[Page]) -> Introspector {
-        self.pages = pages.len();
-        self.page_numberings.reserve(pages.len());
-        self.page_supplements.reserve(pages.len());
-
-        // Discover all elements.
-        let mut elems = Vec::new();
-        for (i, page) in pages.iter().enumerate() {
-            self.page_numberings.push(page.numbering.clone());
-            self.page_supplements.push(page.supplement.clone());
-            self.discover_in_frame(
-                &mut elems,
-                &page.frame,
-                NonZeroUsize::new(1 + i).unwrap(),
-                Transform::identity(),
-            );
-        }
-
-        self.finalize(elems)
-    }
-
-    /// Build an introspector for an HTML document.
-    fn build_html(mut self, output: &[HtmlNode]) -> Introspector {
-        let mut elems = Vec::new();
-        self.discover_in_html(&mut elems, output);
-        self.finalize(elems)
-    }
-
     /// Processes the tags in the frame.
-    fn discover_in_frame(
+    pub fn discover_in_frame(
         &mut self,
         sink: &mut Vec<Pair>,
         frame: &Frame,
@@ -433,29 +391,13 @@ impl IntrospectorBuilder {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Processes the tags in the HTML element.
-    fn discover_in_html(&mut self, sink: &mut Vec<Pair>, nodes: &[HtmlNode]) {
-        for node in nodes {
-            match node {
-                HtmlNode::Tag(tag) => self.discover_in_tag(
-                    sink,
-                    tag,
-                    Position { page: NonZeroUsize::ONE, point: Point::zero() },
-                ),
-                HtmlNode::Text(_, _) => {}
-                HtmlNode::Element(elem) => self.discover_in_html(sink, &elem.children),
-                HtmlNode::Frame(frame) => self.discover_in_frame(
-                    sink,
-                    &frame.inner,
-                    NonZeroUsize::ONE,
-                    Transform::identity(),
-                ),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Handle a tag.
-    fn discover_in_tag(&mut self, sink: &mut Vec<Pair>, tag: &Tag, position: Position) {
+    pub fn discover_in_tag(
+        &mut self,
+        sink: &mut Vec<Pair>,
+        tag: &Tag,
+        position: Position,
+    ) {
         match tag {
             Tag::Start(elem) => {
                 let loc = elem.location().unwrap();
@@ -471,7 +413,7 @@ impl IntrospectorBuilder {
 
     /// Build a complete introspector with all acceleration structures from a
     /// list of top-level pairs.
-    fn finalize(mut self, root: Vec<Pair>) -> Introspector {
+    pub fn finalize(mut self, root: Vec<Pair>) -> Introspector {
         self.locations.reserve(self.seen.len());
 
         // Save all pairs and their descendants in the correct order.
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs
index 5d047570..025e997c 100644
--- a/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/lib.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ extern crate self as typst_library;
 pub mod diag;
 pub mod engine;
 pub mod foundations;
-pub mod html;
 pub mod introspection;
 pub mod layout;
 pub mod loading;
diff --git a/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs b/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs
index a81806fd..01964800 100644
--- a/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-library/src/routines.rs
@@ -101,20 +101,25 @@ routines! {
 pub enum RealizationKind<'a> {
     /// This the root realization for layout. Requires a mutable reference
     /// to document metadata that will be filled from `set document` rules.
-    LayoutDocument(&'a mut DocumentInfo),
+    LayoutDocument { info: &'a mut DocumentInfo },
     /// A nested realization in a container (e.g. a `block`). Requires a mutable
     /// reference to an enum that will be set to `FragmentKind::Inline` if the
     /// fragment's content was fully inline.
-    LayoutFragment(&'a mut FragmentKind),
+    LayoutFragment { kind: &'a mut FragmentKind },
     /// A nested realization in a paragraph (i.e. a `par`)
     LayoutPar,
-    /// This the root realization for HTML. Requires a mutable reference
-    /// to document metadata that will be filled from `set document` rules.
-    HtmlDocument(&'a mut DocumentInfo),
+    /// This the root realization for HTML. Requires a mutable reference to
+    /// document metadata that will be filled from `set document` rules.
+    ///
+    /// The `is_inline` function checks whether content consists of an inline
+    /// HTML element. It's used by the `PAR` grouping rules. This is slightly
+    /// hacky and might be replaced by a mechanism to supply the grouping rules
+    /// as a realization user.
+    HtmlDocument { info: &'a mut DocumentInfo, is_inline: fn(&Content) -> bool },
     /// A nested realization in a container (e.g. a `block`). Requires a mutable
     /// reference to an enum that will be set to `FragmentKind::Inline` if the
     /// fragment's content was fully inline.
-    HtmlFragment(&'a mut FragmentKind),
+    HtmlFragment { kind: &'a mut FragmentKind, is_inline: fn(&Content) -> bool },
     /// A realization within math.
     Math,
 }
@@ -122,18 +127,20 @@ pub enum RealizationKind<'a> {
 impl RealizationKind<'_> {
     /// It this a realization for HTML export?
     pub fn is_html(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::HtmlDocument(_) | Self::HtmlFragment(_))
+        matches!(self, Self::HtmlDocument { .. } | Self::HtmlFragment { .. })
     }
 
     /// It this a realization for a container?
     pub fn is_fragment(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::LayoutFragment(_) | Self::HtmlFragment(_))
+        matches!(self, Self::LayoutFragment { .. } | Self::HtmlFragment { .. })
     }
 
     /// If this is a document-level realization, accesses the document info.
     pub fn as_document_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut DocumentInfo> {
         match self {
-            Self::LayoutDocument(info) | Self::HtmlDocument(info) => Some(*info),
+            Self::LayoutDocument { info } | Self::HtmlDocument { info, .. } => {
+                Some(*info)
+            }
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -141,7 +148,9 @@ impl RealizationKind<'_> {
     /// If this is a container-level realization, accesses the fragment kind.
     pub fn as_fragment_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut FragmentKind> {
         match self {
-            Self::LayoutFragment(kind) | Self::HtmlFragment(kind) => Some(*kind),
+            Self::LayoutFragment { kind } | Self::HtmlFragment { kind, .. } => {
+                Some(*kind)
+            }
             _ => None,
         }
     }
diff --git a/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs
index 6af249cc..5d9e0a23 100644
--- a/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst-realize/src/lib.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ use typst_library::foundations::{
     RecipeIndex, Selector, SequenceElem, ShowSet, Style, StyleChain, StyledElem, Styles,
     SymbolElem, Synthesize, TargetElem, Transformation,
 };
-use typst_library::html::{tag, FrameElem, HtmlElem};
 use typst_library::introspection::{Locatable, SplitLocator, Tag, TagElem};
 use typst_library::layout::{
     AlignElem, BoxElem, HElem, InlineElem, PageElem, PagebreakElem, VElem,
@@ -48,16 +47,16 @@ pub fn realize<'a>(
         locator,
         arenas,
         rules: match kind {
-            RealizationKind::LayoutDocument(_) => LAYOUT_RULES,
-            RealizationKind::LayoutFragment(_) => LAYOUT_RULES,
+            RealizationKind::LayoutDocument { .. } => LAYOUT_RULES,
+            RealizationKind::LayoutFragment { .. } => LAYOUT_RULES,
             RealizationKind::LayoutPar => LAYOUT_PAR_RULES,
-            RealizationKind::HtmlDocument(_) => HTML_DOCUMENT_RULES,
-            RealizationKind::HtmlFragment(_) => HTML_FRAGMENT_RULES,
+            RealizationKind::HtmlDocument { .. } => HTML_DOCUMENT_RULES,
+            RealizationKind::HtmlFragment { .. } => HTML_FRAGMENT_RULES,
             RealizationKind::Math => MATH_RULES,
         },
         sink: vec![],
         groupings: ArrayVec::new(),
-        outside: matches!(kind, RealizationKind::LayoutDocument(_)),
+        outside: matches!(kind, RealizationKind::LayoutDocument { .. }),
         may_attach: false,
         saw_parbreak: false,
         kind,
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@ struct GroupingRule {
     /// be visible to `finish`.
     tags: bool,
     /// Defines which kinds of elements start and make up this kind of grouping.
-    trigger: fn(&Content, &RealizationKind) -> bool,
+    trigger: fn(&Content, &State) -> bool,
     /// Defines elements that may appear in the interior of the grouping, but
     /// not at the edges.
     inner: fn(&Content) -> bool,
@@ -334,13 +333,6 @@ fn visit_kind_rules<'a>(
         }
     }
 
-    if !s.kind.is_html() {
-        if let Some(elem) = content.to_packed::<FrameElem>() {
-            visit(s, &elem.body, styles)?;
-            return Ok(true);
-        }
-    }
-
     Ok(false)
 }
 
@@ -601,7 +593,7 @@ fn visit_styled<'a>(
                 );
             }
         } else if elem == PageElem::ELEM {
-            if !matches!(s.kind, RealizationKind::LayoutDocument(_)) {
+            if !matches!(s.kind, RealizationKind::LayoutDocument { .. }) {
                 bail!(
                     style.span(),
                     "page configuration is not allowed inside of containers"
@@ -659,7 +651,7 @@ fn visit_grouping_rules<'a>(
     content: &'a Content,
     styles: StyleChain<'a>,
 ) -> SourceResult<bool> {
-    let matching = s.rules.iter().find(|&rule| (rule.trigger)(content, &s.kind));
+    let matching = s.rules.iter().find(|&rule| (rule.trigger)(content, s));
 
     // Try to continue or finish an existing grouping.
     let mut i = 0;
@@ -671,7 +663,7 @@ fn visit_grouping_rules<'a>(
 
         // If the element can be added to the active grouping, do it.
         if !active.interrupted
-            && ((active.rule.trigger)(content, &s.kind) || (active.rule.inner)(content))
+            && ((active.rule.trigger)(content, s) || (active.rule.inner)(content))
         {
             s.sink.push((content, styles));
             return Ok(true);
@@ -806,7 +798,7 @@ fn finish_innermost_grouping(s: &mut State) -> SourceResult<()> {
     let Grouping { start, rule, .. } = s.groupings.pop().unwrap();
 
     // Trim trailing non-trigger elements.
-    let trimmed = s.sink[start..].trim_end_matches(|(c, _)| !(rule.trigger)(c, &s.kind));
+    let trimmed = s.sink[start..].trim_end_matches(|(c, _)| !(rule.trigger)(c, s));
     let end = start + trimmed.len();
     let tail = s.store_slice(&s.sink[end..]);
     s.sink.truncate(end);
@@ -885,7 +877,7 @@ static TEXTUAL: GroupingRule = GroupingRule {
 static PAR: GroupingRule = GroupingRule {
     priority: 1,
     tags: true,
-    trigger: |content, kind| {
+    trigger: |content, state| {
         let elem = content.elem();
         elem == TextElem::ELEM
             || elem == HElem::ELEM
@@ -893,10 +885,11 @@ static PAR: GroupingRule = GroupingRule {
             || elem == SmartQuoteElem::ELEM
             || elem == InlineElem::ELEM
             || elem == BoxElem::ELEM
-            || (kind.is_html()
-                && content
-                    .to_packed::<HtmlElem>()
-                    .is_some_and(|elem| tag::is_inline_by_default(elem.tag)))
+            || match state.kind {
+                RealizationKind::HtmlDocument { is_inline, .. }
+                | RealizationKind::HtmlFragment { is_inline, .. } => is_inline(content),
+                _ => false,
+            }
     },
     inner: |content| content.elem() == SpaceElem::ELEM,
     interrupt: |elem| elem == ParElem::ELEM || elem == AlignElem::ELEM,
diff --git a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
index 591e5a9b..8b4e60ee 100644
--- a/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
+++ b/crates/typst/src/lib.rs
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ use std::sync::LazyLock;
 
 use comemo::{Track, Tracked, Validate};
 use ecow::{eco_format, eco_vec, EcoString, EcoVec};
+use typst_html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst_library::diag::{
     bail, warning, FileError, SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, Warned,
 };
 use typst_library::engine::{Engine, Route, Sink, Traced};
 use typst_library::foundations::{NativeRuleMap, StyleChain, Styles, Value};
-use typst_library::html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst_library::introspection::Introspector;
 use typst_library::layout::PagedDocument;
 use typst_library::routines::Routines;
diff --git a/tests/src/run.rs b/tests/src/run.rs
index 1d93ba39..9af5c789 100644
--- a/tests/src/run.rs
+++ b/tests/src/run.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ use std::path::PathBuf;
 use ecow::eco_vec;
 use tiny_skia as sk;
 use typst::diag::{SourceDiagnostic, SourceResult, Warned};
-use typst::html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst::layout::{Abs, Frame, FrameItem, PagedDocument, Transform};
 use typst::visualize::Color;
 use typst::{Document, WorldExt};
+use typst_html::HtmlDocument;
 use typst_pdf::PdfOptions;
 use typst_syntax::{FileId, Lines};