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----
-description: Typst's tutorial.
----
-
-# Writing in Typst
-Let's get started! Suppose you got assigned to write a technical report for
-university. It will contain prose, maths, headings, and figures. To get started,
-you create a new project on the Typst app. You'll be taken to the editor where
-you see two panels: A source panel where you compose your document and a
-preview panel where you see the rendered document.
-
-![Typst app screenshot](1-writing-app.png)
-
-You already have a good angle for your report in mind. So let's start by writing
-the introduction. Enter some text in the editor panel. You'll notice that the
-text immediately appears on the previewed page.
-
-```example
-In this report, we will explore the
-various factors that influence fluid
-dynamics in glaciers and how they
-contribute to the formation and
-behavior of these natural structures.
-```
-
-_Throughout this tutorial, we'll show code examples like this one. Just like in the app, the first panel contains markup and the second panel shows a preview. We shrunk the page to fit the examples so you can see what's going on._
-
-The next step is to add a heading and emphasize some text. Typst uses simple
-markup for the most common formatting tasks. To add a heading, enter the `=`
-character and to emphasize some text with italics, enclose it in
-`[_underscores_]`.
-
-```example
-= Introduction
-In this report, we will explore the
-various factors that influence _fluid
-dynamics_ in glaciers and how they
-contribute to the formation and
-behavior of these natural structures.
-```
-
-That was easy! To add a new paragraph, just add a blank line in between two
-lines of text. If that paragraph needs a subheading, produce it by typing `==`
-instead of `=`. The number of `=` characters determines the nesting level of the
-heading.
-
-Now we want to list a few of the circumstances that influence glacier dynamics.
-To do that, we use a numbered list. For each item of the list, we type a `+`
-character at the beginning of the line. Typst will automatically number the
-items.
-
-```example
-+ The climate
-+ The topography
-+ The geology
-```
-
-If we wanted to add a bulleted list, we would use the `-` character instead of
-the `+` character. We can also nest lists: For example, we can add a sub-list to
-the first item of the list above by indenting it.
-
-```example
-+ The climate
-  - Temperature
-  - Precipitation
-+ The topography
-+ The geology
-```
-
-## Adding a figure { #figure }
-You think that your report would benefit from a figure. Let's add one. Typst
-supports images in the formats PNG, JPEG, GIF, and SVG. To add an image file to
-your project, first open the _file panel_ by clicking the box icon in the left
-sidebar. Here, you can see a list of all files in your project. Currently, there
-is only one: The main Typst file you are writing in. To upload another file,
-click the button with the arrow in the top-right corner. This opens the upload
-dialog, in which you can pick files to upload from your computer. Select an
-image file for your report.
-
-![Upload dialog](1-writing-upload.png)
-
-We have seen before that specific symbols (called _markup_) have specific
-meaning in Typst. We can use `=`, `-`, `+`, and `_` to create headings, lists
-and emphasized text, respectively. However, having a special symbol for
-everything we want to insert into our document would soon become cryptic and
-unwieldy. For this reason, Typst reserves markup symbols only for the most
-common things. Everything else is inserted with _functions._ For our image to
-show up on the page, we use Typst's [`image`]($func/image) function.
-
-```example
-#image("glacier.jpg")
-```
-
-In general, a function produces some output for a set of _arguments_. When you
-_call_ a function within markup, you provide the arguments and Typst inserts the
-result (the function's _return value_) into the document. In our case, the
-`image` function takes one argument: The path to the image file. To call a
-function in markup, we first need to type the `#` character, immediately
-followed by the name of the function. Then, we enclose the arguments in
-parentheses. Typst recognizes many different data types within argument lists.
-Our file path is a short [string of text]($type/string), so we need to enclose
-it in double quotes.
-
-The inserted image uses the whole width of the page. To change that, pass the
-`width` argument to the `image` function. This is a _named_ argument and
-therefore specified as a `name: value` pair. If there are multiple arguments,
-they are separated by commas, so we first need to put a comma behind the path.
-
-```example
-#image("glacier.jpg", width: 70%)
-```
-
-The `width` argument is a [relative length]($type/relative-length). In our case,
-we specified a percentage, determining that the image shall take up `{70%}` of
-the page's width. We also could have specified an absolute value like `{1cm}` or
-`{0.7in}`.
-
-Just like text, the image is now aligned at the left side of the page by
-default. It's also lacking a caption. Let's fix that by using the
-[figure]($func/figure) function. This function takes the figure's contents as a
-positional argument and an optional caption as a named argument.
-
-Within the argument list of the `figure` function, Typst is already in code mode. This means, you can now remove the hashtag before the image function call.
-The hashtag is only needed directly in markup (to disambiguate text from function calls).
-
-The caption consists of arbitrary markup. To give markup to a function, we
-enclose it in square brackets. This construct is called a _content block._
-
-```example
-#figure(
-  image("glacier.jpg", width: 70%),
-  caption: [
-    _Glaciers_ form an important part
-    of the earth's climate system.
-  ],
-)
-```
-
-You continue to write your report and now want to reference the figure. To do
-that, first attach a label to figure. A label uniquely identifies an element in
-your document. Add one after the figure by enclosing some name in angle
-brackets. You can then reference the figure in your text by writing an `[@]`
-symbol followed by that name. Headings and equations can also be labelled to
-make them referenceable.
-
-```example
-Glaciers as the one shown in
-@glaciers will cease to exist if
-we don't take action soon!
-
-#figure(
-  image("glacier.jpg", width: 70%),
-  caption: [
-    _Glaciers_ form an important part
-    of the earth's climate system.
-  ],
-) <glaciers>
-```
-
-<div class="info-box">
-
-So far, we've passed content blocks (markup in square brackets) and strings
-(text in double quotes) to our functions. Both seem to contain text. What's the
-difference?
-
-A content block can contain text, but also any other kind of markup, function
-calls, and more, whereas a string is really just a _sequence of characters_ and
-nothing else.
-
-For example, the image function expects a path to an image file.
-It would not make sense to pass, e.g., a paragraph of text or another image as
-the image's path parameter. That's why only strings are allowed here.
-On the contrary, strings work wherever content is expected because text is a
-valid kind of content.
-</div>
-
-## Adding a bibliography { #bibliography }
-As you write up your report, you need to back up some of your claims. You can
-add a bibliography to your document with the
-[`bibliography`]($func/bibliography) function. This function expects a path
-to a bibliography file.
-
-Typst's native bibliography format is
-[Hayagriva](https://github.com/typst/hayagriva/blob/main/docs/file-format.md),
-but for compatibility you can also use BibLaTeX files. As your classmate has
-already done a literature survey and sent you a `.bib` file, you'll use that
-one. Upload the file through the file panel to access it in Typst.
-
-Once the document contains a bibliography, you can start citing from it.
-Citations use the same syntax as references to a label. As soon as you cite a
-source for the first time, it will appear in the bibliography section of your
-document. Typst supports different citation and bibliography styles. Consult the
-[reference]($func/bibliography.style) for more details.
-
-```example
-= Methods
-We follow the glacier melting models
-established in @glacier-melt.
-
-#bibliography("works.bib")
-```
-
-## Maths { #maths }
-After fleshing out the methods section, you move on to the meat of the document:
-Your equations. Typst has built-in mathematical typesetting and uses its own
-math notation. Let's start with a simple equation. We wrap it in `[$]` signs
-to let Typst know it should expect a mathematical expression:
-
-```example
-The equation $Q = rho A v + C$
-defines the glacial flow rate.
-```
-
-The equation is typeset inline, on the same line as the surrounding text. If you
-want to have it on its own line instead, you should insert a single space at its
-start and end:
-
-```example
-The flow rate of a glacier is
-defined by the following equation:
-
-$ Q = rho A v + C $
-```
-
-We can see that Typst displayed the single letters `Q`, `A`, `v`, and `C` as-is,
-while it translated `rho` into a Greek letter. Math mode will always show single
-letters verbatim. Multiple letters, however, are interpreted as symbols,
-variables, or function names. To imply a multiplication between single letters,
-put spaces between them.
-
-If you want to have a variable that consists of multiple letters, you can
-enclose it in quotes:
-
-```example
-The flow rate of a glacier is given
-by the following equation:
-
-$ Q = rho A v + "time offset" $
-```
-
-You'll also need a sum formula in your paper. We can use the `sum` symbol and
-then specify the range of the summation in sub- and superscripts:
-
-```example
-Total displaced soil by glacial flow:
-
-$ 7.32 beta +
-  sum_(i=0)^nabla Q_i / 2 $
-```
-
-To add a subscript to a symbol or variable, type a `_` character and then the
-subscript. Similarly, use the `^` character for a superscript. If your
-sub- or superscript consists of multiple things, you must enclose them
-in round parentheses.
-
-The above example also showed us how to insert fractions: Simply put a `/`
-character between the numerator and the denominator and Typst will automatically
-turn it into a fraction. Parentheses are smartly resolved, so you can enter your
-expression as you would into a calculator and Typst will replace parenthesized
-sub-expressions with the appropriate notation.
-
-```example
-Total displaced soil by glacial flow:
-
-$ 7.32 beta +
-  sum_(i=0)^nabla
-    (Q_i (a_i - epsilon)) / 2 $
-```
-
-Not all math constructs have special syntax. Instead, we use functions, just
-like the `image` function we have seen before. For example, to insert a column
-vector, we can use the [`vec`]($func/math.vec) function. Within math mode,
-function calls don't need to start with the `#` character.
-
-```example
-$ v := vec(x_1, x_2, x_3) $
-```
-
-Some functions are only available within math mode. For example, the
-[`cal`]($func/math.cal) function is used to typeset calligraphic letters
-commonly used for sets. The [math section of the reference]($category/math)
-provides a complete list of all functions that math mode makes available.
-
-One more thing: Many symbols, such as the arrow, have a lot of variants. You can
-select among these variants by appending a dot and a modifier name to a symbol's
-name:
-
-```example
-$ a arrow.squiggly b $
-```
-
-This notation is also available in markup mode, but the symbol name must be
-preceded with `#sym.` there. See the [symbols section]($category/symbols/sym)
-for a list of all available symbols.
-
-## Review { #review }
-You have now seen how to write a basic document in Typst. You learned how to
-emphasize text, write lists, insert images, align content, and typeset
-mathematical expressions. You also learned about Typst's functions. There are
-many more kinds of content that Typst lets you insert into your document, such
-as [tables]($func/table), [shapes]($category/visualize), and
-[code blocks]($func/raw). You can peruse the [reference]($reference) to learn
-more about these and other features.
-
-For the moment, you have completed writing your report. You have already saved a
-PDF by clicking on the download button in the top right corner. However, you
-think the report could look a bit less plain. In the next section, we'll learn
-how to customize the look of our document.