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----
-description: Typst's tutorial.
----
-
-# Formatting
-So far, you have written a report with some text, a few equations and images.
-However, it still looks very plain. Your teaching assistant does not yet know
-that you are using a new typesetting system, and you want your report to fit in
-with the other student's submissions. In this chapter, we will see how to format
-your report using Typst's styling system.
-
-## Set rules { #set-rules }
-As we have seen in the previous chapter, Typst has functions that _insert_
-content (e.g. the [`image`]($func/image) function) and others that _manipulate_
-content that they received as arguments (e.g. the [`align`]($func/align)
-function). The first impulse you might have when you want, for example, to
-justify the report, could be to look for a function that does that and wrap the
-complete document in it.
-
-```example
-#par(justify: true)[
-  = Background
-  In the case of glaciers, fluid
-  dynamics principles can be used
-  to understand how the movement
-  and behavior of the ice is
-  influenced by factors such as
-  temperature, pressure, and the
-  presence of other fluids (such as
-  water).
-]
-```
-
-Wait, shouldn't all arguments of a function be specified within parentheses? Why
-is there a second set of square brackets with content _after_ the parentheses?
-The answer is that, as passing content to a function is such a common thing to
-do in Typst, there is special syntax for it: Instead of putting the content
-inside of the argument list, you can write it in square brackets directly after
-the normal arguments, saving on punctuation.
-
-As seen above, that works. The [`par`]($func/par) function justifies all
-paragraphs within it. However, wrapping the document in countless functions and
-applying styles selectively and in-situ can quickly become cumbersome.
-
-Fortunately, Typst has a more elegant solution. With _set rules,_ you can apply
-style properties to all occurrences of some kind of content. You write a set
-rule by entering the `{set}` keyword, followed by the name of the function whose
-properties you want to set, and a list of arguments in parentheses.
-
-```example
-#set par(justify: true)
-
-= Background
-In the case of glaciers, fluid
-dynamics principles can be used
-to understand how the movement
-and behavior of the ice is
-influenced by factors such as
-temperature, pressure, and the
-presence of other fluids (such as
-water).
-```
-
-<div class="info-box">
-
-Want to know in more technical terms what is happening here?
-
-Set rules can be conceptualized as setting default values
-for some of the parameters of a function for all future
-uses of that function.
-</div>
-
-## The autocomplete panel { #autocomplete }
-If you followed along and tried a few things in the app, you might have noticed
-that always after you enter a `#` character, a panel pops up to show you the
-available functions, and, within an argument list, the available parameters.
-That's the autocomplete panel. It can be very useful while you are writing your
-document: You can apply its suggestions by hitting the Return key or navigate to
-the desired completion with the arrow keys. The panel can be dismissed by
-hitting the Escape key and opened again by typing `#` or hitting
-<kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>Space</kbd>. Use the autocomplete panel to discover the
-right arguments for functions. Most suggestions come with a small description of
-what they do.
-
-![Autocomplete panel](2-formatting-autocomplete.png)
-
-## Set up the page { #page-setup }
-Back to set rules: When writing a rule, you choose the function depending on
-what type of element you want to style. Here is a list of some functions that
-are commonly used in set rules:
-
-- [`text`]($func/text) to set font family, size, color, and other properties of
-  text
-- [`page`]($func/page) to set the page size, margins, headers, enable columns,
-  and footers
-- [`par`]($func/par) to justify paragraphs, set line spacing, and more
-- [`heading`]($func/heading) to set the appearance of headings and enable
-  numbering
-- [`document`]($func/document) to set the metadata contained in the PDF output,
-  such as title and author
-
-Not all function parameters can be set. In general, only parameters that tell
-a function _how_ to do something can be set, not those that tell it _what_ to
-do it with. The function reference pages indicate which parameters are settable.
-
-Let's add a few more styles to our document. We want larger margins and a serif
-font. For the purposes of the example, we'll also set another page size.
-
-```example
-#set text(
-  font: "New Computer Modern",
-  size: 10pt
-)
-#set page(
-  paper: "a6",
-  margin: (x: 1.8cm, y: 1.5cm),
-)
-#set par(
-  justify: true,
-  leading: 0.52em,
-)
-
-= Introduction
-In this report, we will explore the
-various factors that influence fluid
-dynamics in glaciers and how they
-contribute to the formation and
-behavior of these natural structures.
-
->>> Glacier displacement is influenced
->>> by a number of factors, including
->>> + The climate
->>> + The topography
->>> + The geology
->>>
->>> This report will present a physical
->>> model of glacier displacement and
->>> dynamics, and will explore the
->>> influence of these factors on the
->>> movement of large bodies of ice.
-<<< ...
-
-#align(center + bottom)[
-  #image("glacier.jpg", width: 70%)
-
-  *Glaciers form an important
-  part of the earth's climate
-  system.*
-]
-```
-
-There are a few things of note here.
-
-First is the [`page`]($func/page) set rule. It receives two arguments: the page
-size and margins for the page. The page size is a string. Typst accepts
-[many standard page sizes,]($func/page.paper) but you can also specify a custom
-page size. The margins are specified as a [dictionary.]($type/dictionary)
-Dictionaries are a collection of key-value pairs. In this case, the keys are `x`
-and `y`, and the values are the horizontal and vertical margins, respectively.
-We could also have specified separate margins for each side by passing a
-dictionary with the keys `{left}`, `{right}`, `{top}`, and `{bottom}`.
-
-Next is the set [`text`]($func/text) set rule. Here, we set the font size to
-`{10pt}` and font family to `{"New Computer Modern"}`. The Typst app comes with
-many fonts that you can try for your document. When you are in the text
-function's argument list, you can discover the available fonts in the
-autocomplete panel.
-
-We have also set the spacing between lines (a.k.a. leading): It is specified as
-a [length]($type/length) value, and we used the `em` unit to specify the leading
-relative to the size of the font: `{1em}` is equivalent to the current font size
-(which defaults to `{11pt}`).
-
-Finally, we have bottom aligned our image by adding a vertical alignment to our
-center alignment. Vertical and horizontal alignments can be combined with the
-`{+}` operator to yield a 2D alignment.
-
-## A hint of sophistication { #sophistication }
-To structure our document more clearly, we now want to number our headings. We
-can do this by setting the `numbering` parameter of the
-[`heading`]($func/heading) function.
-
-```example
->>> #set text(font: "New Computer Modern")
-#set heading(numbering: "1.")
-
-= Introduction
-#lorem(10)
-
-== Background
-#lorem(12)
-
-== Methods
-#lorem(15)
-```
-
-We specified the string `{"1."}` as the numbering parameter. This tells Typst to
-number the headings with arabic numerals and to put a dot between the number of
-each level. We can also use
-[letters, roman numerals, and symbols]($func/numbering) for our headings:
-
-```example
->>> #set text(font: "New Computer Modern")
-#set heading(numbering: "1.a")
-
-= Introduction
-#lorem(10)
-
-== Background
-#lorem(12)
-
-== Methods
-#lorem(15)
-```
-
-This example also uses the [`lorem`]($func/lorem) function to generate some
-placeholder text. This function takes a number as an argument and generates that
-many words of _Lorem Ipsum_ text.
-
-<div class="info-box">
-
-Did you wonder why the headings and text set rules apply to all text and headings,
-even if they are not produced with the respective functions?
-
-Typst internally calls the `heading` function every time you write `[= Conclusion]`.
-In fact, the function call `[#heading[Conclusion]]` is equivalent to the heading
-markup above. Other markup elements work similarly, they are only
-_syntax sugar_ for the corresponding function calls.
-</div>
-
-## Show rules { #show-rules }
-You are already pretty happy with how this turned out. But one last thing needs
-to be fixed: The report you are writing is intended for a larger project and
-that project's name should always be accompanied by a logo, even in prose.
-
-You consider your options. You could add an `[#image("logo.svg")]` call before
-every instance of the logo using search and replace. That sounds very tedious.
-Instead, you could maybe
-[define a custom function]($type/function/#definitions) that always yields the logo with its image. However, there is an even easier way:
-
-With show rules, you can redefine how Typst displays certain elements. You
-specify which elements Typst should show differently and how they should look.
-Show rules can be applied to instances of text, many functions, and even the
-whole document.
-
-```example
-#show "ArtosFlow": name => box[
-  #box(image(
-    "logo.svg",
-    height: 0.7em,
-  ))
-  #name
-]
-
-This report is embedded in the
-ArtosFlow project. ArtosFlow is a
-project of the Artos Institute.
-```
-
-There is a lot of new syntax in this example: We write the `{show}` keyword,
-followed by a string of text we want to show differently and a colon. Then, we
-write a function that takes the content that shall be shown as an argument.
-Here, we called that argument `name`. We can now use the `name` variable in the
-function's body to print the ArtosFlow name. Our show rule adds the logo image
-in front of the name and puts the result into a box to prevent linebreaks from
-occurring between logo and name. The image is also put inside of a box, so that
-it does not appear in its own paragraph.
-
-The calls to the first box function and the image function did not require a
-leading `#` because they were not embedded directly in markup. When Typst
-expects code instead of markup, the leading `#` is not needed to access
-functions, keywords, and variables. This can be observed in parameter lists,
-function definitions, and [code blocks]($scripting).
-
-## Review { #review }
-You now know how to apply basic formatting to your Typst documents. You learned
-how to set the font, justify your paragraphs, change the page dimensions, and
-add numbering to your headings with set rules. You also learned how to use a
-basic show rule to change how text appears throughout your document.
-
-You have handed in your report. Your supervisor was so happy with it that they
-want to adapt it into a conference paper! In the next section, we will learn how
-to format your document as a paper using more advanced show rules and functions.