24 files changed, 228 insertions, 176 deletions

diff --git a/src/eval/template.rs b/src/eval/template.rs
index 307bff2a..e9cbbfcf 100644
--- a/src/eval/template.rs
+++ b/src/eval/template.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign};
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 use crate::diag::StrResult;
-use crate::geom::{Align, Dir, GenAxis, Length, Linear, Paint, Sides, Size};
+use crate::geom::{Align, Dir, Length, Linear, Paint, Sides, Size, SpecAxis};
 use crate::layout::{Layout, PackedNode};
 use crate::library::{
     Decoration, DocumentNode, FlowChild, FlowNode, PageNode, ParChild, ParNode,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ enum TemplateNode {
     /// Plain text.
     Text(EcoString),
     /// Spacing.
-    Spacing(GenAxis, Spacing),
+    Spacing(SpecAxis, Spacing),
     /// A decorated template.
     Decorated(Decoration, Template),
     /// An inline node builder.
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ impl Template {
     }
 
     /// Add spacing along an axis.
-    pub fn spacing(&mut self, axis: GenAxis, spacing: Spacing) {
+    pub fn spacing(&mut self, axis: SpecAxis, spacing: Spacing) {
         self.make_mut().push(TemplateNode::Spacing(axis, spacing));
     }
 
@@ -349,13 +349,13 @@ impl Builder {
     }
 
     /// Push spacing into the active paragraph or flow depending on the `axis`.
-    fn spacing(&mut self, axis: GenAxis, spacing: Spacing) {
+    fn spacing(&mut self, axis: SpecAxis, spacing: Spacing) {
         match axis {
-            GenAxis::Block => {
+            SpecAxis::Vertical => {
                 self.flow.finish_par(&self.style);
                 self.flow.push_hard(FlowChild::Spacing(spacing));
             }
-            GenAxis::Inline => {
+            SpecAxis::Horizontal => {
                 self.flow.par.push_hard(ParChild::Spacing(spacing));
             }
         }
diff --git a/src/frame.rs b/src/frame.rs
index 5b1c36ce..ec10fe96 100644
--- a/src/frame.rs
+++ b/src/frame.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::font::FaceId;
-use crate::geom::{Em, Length, Paint, Path, Point, Size, Transform};
+use crate::geom::{Align, Em, Length, Paint, Path, Point, Size, Spec, Transform};
 use crate::image::ImageId;
 
 /// A finished layout with elements at fixed positions.
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ pub struct Frame {
 impl Frame {
     /// Create a new, empty frame.
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn new(size: Size, baseline: Length) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(size: Size) -> Self {
         assert!(size.is_finite());
-        Self { size, baseline, elements: vec![] }
+        Self { size, baseline: size.h, elements: vec![] }
     }
 
     /// Add an element at a position in the background.
@@ -55,12 +55,46 @@ impl Frame {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Move all elements in the frame by an offset.
+    /// Resize the frame to a new size, distributing new space according to the
+    /// given alignments.
+    pub fn resize(&mut self, new: Size, aligns: Spec<Align>) {
+        let offset = Point::new(
+            aligns.x.resolve(new.w - self.size.w),
+            aligns.y.resolve(new.h - self.size.h),
+        );
+        self.size = new;
+        self.baseline += offset.y;
+        self.translate(offset);
+    }
+
+    /// Move the contents of the frame by an offset.
     pub fn translate(&mut self, offset: Point) {
         for (point, _) in &mut self.elements {
             *point += offset;
         }
     }
+
+    /// Arbitrarily transform the contents of the frame.
+    pub fn transform(&mut self, transform: Transform) {
+        self.group(|g| g.transform = transform);
+    }
+
+    /// Clip the contents of a frame to its size.
+    pub fn clip(&mut self) {
+        self.group(|g| g.clips = true);
+    }
+
+    /// Wrap the frame's contents in a group and modify that group with `f`.
+    pub fn group<F>(&mut self, f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnOnce(&mut Group),
+    {
+        let mut wrapper = Frame { elements: vec![], ..*self };
+        let mut group = Group::new(Rc::new(std::mem::take(self)));
+        f(&mut group);
+        wrapper.push(Point::zero(), Element::Group(group));
+        *self = wrapper;
+    }
 }
 
 impl Debug for Frame {
@@ -116,18 +150,6 @@ impl Group {
             clips: false,
         }
     }
-
-    /// Set the group's transform.
-    pub fn transform(mut self, transform: Transform) -> Self {
-        self.transform = transform;
-        self
-    }
-
-    /// Set whether the group should be a clipping boundary.
-    pub fn clips(mut self, clips: bool) -> Self {
-        self.clips = clips;
-        self
-    }
 }
 
 /// A run of shaped text.
diff --git a/src/geom/gen.rs b/src/geom/gen.rs
index e770f80d..5232139b 100644
--- a/src/geom/gen.rs
+++ b/src/geom/gen.rs
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 use super::*;
 
-/// A container with an inline and a block component.
+/// A container with a main and cross component.
 #[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct Gen<T> {
-    /// The inline component.
-    pub inline: T,
-    /// The block component.
-    pub block: T,
+    /// The main component.
+    pub cross: T,
+    /// The cross component.
+    pub main: T,
 }
 
 impl<T> Gen<T> {
     /// Create a new instance from the two components.
-    pub const fn new(inline: T, block: T) -> Self {
-        Self { inline, block }
+    pub const fn new(cross: T, main: T) -> Self {
+        Self { cross, main }
     }
 
     /// Create a new instance with two equal components.
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ impl<T> Gen<T> {
     where
         T: Clone,
     {
-        Self { inline: value.clone(), block: value }
+        Self { cross: value.clone(), main: value }
     }
 
     /// Maps the individual fields with `f`.
@@ -28,17 +28,14 @@ impl<T> Gen<T> {
     where
         F: FnMut(T) -> U,
     {
-        Gen {
-            inline: f(self.inline),
-            block: f(self.block),
-        }
+        Gen { cross: f(self.cross), main: f(self.main) }
     }
 
     /// Convert to the specific representation, given the current block axis.
-    pub fn to_spec(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Spec<T> {
-        match block {
-            SpecAxis::Horizontal => Spec::new(self.block, self.inline),
-            SpecAxis::Vertical => Spec::new(self.inline, self.block),
+    pub fn to_spec(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Spec<T> {
+        match main {
+            SpecAxis::Horizontal => Spec::new(self.main, self.cross),
+            SpecAxis::Vertical => Spec::new(self.cross, self.main),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -47,19 +44,19 @@ impl Gen<Length> {
     /// The zero value.
     pub fn zero() -> Self {
         Self {
-            inline: Length::zero(),
-            block: Length::zero(),
+            cross: Length::zero(),
+            main: Length::zero(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Convert to a point.
-    pub fn to_point(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Point {
-        self.to_spec(block).to_point()
+    pub fn to_point(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Point {
+        self.to_spec(main).to_point()
     }
 
     /// Convert to a size.
-    pub fn to_size(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Size {
-        self.to_spec(block).to_size()
+    pub fn to_size(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Size {
+        self.to_spec(main).to_size()
     }
 }
 
@@ -67,8 +64,8 @@ impl<T> Gen<Option<T>> {
     /// Unwrap the individual fields.
     pub fn unwrap_or(self, other: Gen<T>) -> Gen<T> {
         Gen {
-            inline: self.inline.unwrap_or(other.inline),
-            block: self.block.unwrap_or(other.block),
+            cross: self.cross.unwrap_or(other.cross),
+            main: self.main.unwrap_or(other.main),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -78,40 +75,40 @@ impl<T> Get<GenAxis> for Gen<T> {
 
     fn get(self, axis: GenAxis) -> T {
         match axis {
-            GenAxis::Inline => self.inline,
-            GenAxis::Block => self.block,
+            GenAxis::Cross => self.cross,
+            GenAxis::Main => self.main,
         }
     }
 
     fn get_mut(&mut self, axis: GenAxis) -> &mut T {
         match axis {
-            GenAxis::Inline => &mut self.inline,
-            GenAxis::Block => &mut self.block,
+            GenAxis::Cross => &mut self.cross,
+            GenAxis::Main => &mut self.main,
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl<T: Debug> Debug for Gen<T> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Gen({:?}, {:?})", self.inline, self.block)
+        write!(f, "Gen({:?}, {:?})", self.cross, self.main)
     }
 }
 
-/// The two generic layouting axes.
+/// Two generic axes of a container.
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub enum GenAxis {
-    /// The axis words and lines are set along.
-    Inline,
-    /// The axis paragraphs and pages are set along.
-    Block,
+    /// The minor axis.
+    Cross,
+    /// The major axis.
+    Main,
 }
 
 impl GenAxis {
     /// The other axis.
     pub fn other(self) -> Self {
         match self {
-            Self::Inline => Self::Block,
-            Self::Block => Self::Inline,
+            Self::Cross => Self::Main,
+            Self::Main => Self::Cross,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/geom/point.rs b/src/geom/point.rs
index 49e3018a..30e3f9b6 100644
--- a/src/geom/point.rs
+++ b/src/geom/point.rs
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ impl Point {
     }
 
     /// Convert to the generic representation.
-    pub const fn to_gen(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Gen<Length> {
-        match block {
+    pub const fn to_gen(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Gen<Length> {
+        match main {
             SpecAxis::Horizontal => Gen::new(self.y, self.x),
             SpecAxis::Vertical => Gen::new(self.x, self.y),
         }
diff --git a/src/geom/size.rs b/src/geom/size.rs
index 12cb0ad2..1c049425 100644
--- a/src/geom/size.rs
+++ b/src/geom/size.rs
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl Size {
     }
 
     /// Convert to the generic representation.
-    pub const fn to_gen(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Gen<Length> {
-        match block {
+    pub const fn to_gen(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Gen<Length> {
+        match main {
             SpecAxis::Horizontal => Gen::new(self.h, self.w),
             SpecAxis::Vertical => Gen::new(self.w, self.h),
         }
diff --git a/src/geom/spec.rs b/src/geom/spec.rs
index 02263481..608643d8 100644
--- a/src/geom/spec.rs
+++ b/src/geom/spec.rs
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ impl<T> Spec<T> {
     }
 
     /// Convert to the generic representation.
-    pub fn to_gen(self, block: SpecAxis) -> Gen<T> {
-        match block {
+    pub fn to_gen(self, main: SpecAxis) -> Gen<T> {
+        match main {
             SpecAxis::Horizontal => Gen::new(self.y, self.x),
             SpecAxis::Vertical => Gen::new(self.x, self.y),
         }
diff --git a/src/layout/constraints.rs b/src/layout/constraints.rs
index 36cfa582..b72254d7 100644
--- a/src/layout/constraints.rs
+++ b/src/layout/constraints.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
+use super::Regions;
 use crate::frame::Frame;
 use crate::geom::{Length, Linear, Size, Spec};
 
@@ -59,6 +60,17 @@ impl Constraints {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Create tight constraints for a region.
+    pub fn tight(regions: &Regions) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            min: Spec::default(),
+            max: Spec::default(),
+            exact: regions.current.to_spec().map(Some),
+            base: regions.base.to_spec().map(Some),
+            expand: regions.expand,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Check whether the constraints are fullfilled in a region with the given
     /// properties.
     pub fn check(&self, current: Size, base: Size, expand: Spec<bool>) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/layout/regions.rs b/src/layout/regions.rs
index 39297914..0ef92543 100644
--- a/src/layout/regions.rs
+++ b/src/layout/regions.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::geom::{Size, Spec};
+use crate::geom::{Length, Size, Spec};
 
 /// A sequence of regions to layout into.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -13,9 +13,6 @@ pub struct Regions {
     pub last: Option<Size>,
     /// Whether nodes should expand to fill the regions instead of shrinking to
     /// fit the content.
-    ///
-    /// This property is only handled by nodes that have the ability to control
-    /// their own size.
     pub expand: Spec<bool>,
 }
 
@@ -52,13 +49,26 @@ impl Regions {
         regions
     }
 
-    /// Whether `current` is a fully sized (untouched) copy of the last region.
+    /// Whether the current region is full and a region break is called for.
+    pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
+        Length::zero().fits(self.current.h) && !self.in_last()
+    }
+
+    /// Whether `current` is the last usable region.
     ///
     /// If this is true, calling `next()` will have no effect.
-    pub fn in_full_last(&self) -> bool {
+    pub fn in_last(&self) -> bool {
         self.backlog.len() == 0 && self.last.map_or(true, |size| self.current == size)
     }
 
+    /// Advance to the next region if there is any.
+    pub fn next(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(size) = self.backlog.next().or(self.last) {
+            self.current = size;
+            self.base = size;
+        }
+    }
+
     /// An iterator that returns pairs of `(current, base)` that are equivalent
     /// to what would be produced by calling [`next()`](Self::next) repeatedly
     /// until all regions are exhausted.
@@ -69,14 +79,6 @@ impl Regions {
         first.chain(backlog.chain(last).map(|&s| (s, s)))
     }
 
-    /// Advance to the next region if there is any.
-    pub fn next(&mut self) {
-        if let Some(size) = self.backlog.next().or(self.last) {
-            self.current = size;
-            self.base = size;
-        }
-    }
-
     /// Mutate all contained sizes in place.
     pub fn mutate<F>(&mut self, mut f: F)
     where
diff --git a/src/library/align.rs b/src/library/align.rs
index f788b325..6f079b7b 100644
--- a/src/library/align.rs
+++ b/src/library/align.rs
@@ -34,28 +34,29 @@ impl Layout for AlignNode {
         pod.expand.x &= self.aligns.x.is_none();
         pod.expand.y &= self.aligns.y.is_none();
 
+        // Layout the child.
         let mut frames = self.child.layout(ctx, &pod);
-        for (Constrained { item: frame, cts }, (current, _)) in
+
+        for (Constrained { item: frame, cts }, (current, base)) in
             frames.iter_mut().zip(regions.iter())
         {
-            let canvas = Size::new(
+            // The possibly larger size in which we align the frame.
+            let new = Size::new(
                 if regions.expand.x { current.w } else { frame.size.w },
                 if regions.expand.y { current.h } else { frame.size.h },
             );
 
             let aligns = self.aligns.unwrap_or(Spec::new(Align::Left, Align::Top));
-            let offset = Point::new(
-                aligns.x.resolve(canvas.w - frame.size.w),
-                aligns.y.resolve(canvas.h - frame.size.h),
-            );
-
-            let frame = Rc::make_mut(frame);
-            frame.size = canvas;
-            frame.baseline += offset.y;
-            frame.translate(offset);
+            Rc::make_mut(frame).resize(new, aligns);
 
+            // Set constraints.
             cts.expand = regions.expand;
-            cts.exact = current.to_spec().map(Some);
+            cts.base.x.and_set(Some(base.w));
+            cts.base.y.and_set(Some(base.h));
+            cts.exact = Spec::new(
+                regions.expand.x.then(|| current.w),
+                regions.expand.y.then(|| current.h),
+            );
         }
 
         frames
diff --git a/src/library/flow.rs b/src/library/flow.rs
index 44ce6304..d30bce09 100644
--- a/src/library/flow.rs
+++ b/src/library/flow.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl Layout for FlowNode {
         ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
         regions: &Regions,
     ) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
-        FlowLayouter::new(self, regions.clone()).layout(ctx)
+        FlowLayouter::new(self, regions).layout(ctx)
     }
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ struct FlowLayouter<'a> {
     children: &'a [FlowChild],
     /// Whether the flow should expand to fill the region.
     expand: Spec<bool>,
-    /// The region to layout into.
+    /// The regions to layout children into.
     regions: Regions,
     /// The full size of `regions.current` that was available before we started
     /// subtracting.
@@ -109,15 +109,18 @@ enum FlowItem {
 
 impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
     /// Create a new flow layouter.
-    fn new(flow: &'a FlowNode, mut regions: Regions) -> Self {
-        // Disable vertical expansion for children.
+    fn new(flow: &'a FlowNode, regions: &Regions) -> Self {
         let expand = regions.expand;
+        let full = regions.current;
+
+        // Disable vertical expansion for children.
+        let mut regions = regions.clone();
         regions.expand.y = false;
 
         Self {
             children: &flow.children,
             expand,
-            full: regions.current,
+            full,
             regions,
             used: Size::zero(),
             fr: Fractional::zero(),
@@ -129,6 +132,10 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
     /// Layout all children.
     fn layout(mut self, ctx: &mut LayoutContext) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
         for child in self.children {
+            if self.regions.is_full() {
+                self.finish_region();
+            }
+
             match *child {
                 FlowChild::Spacing(Spacing::Linear(v)) => {
                     self.layout_absolute(v);
@@ -215,7 +222,7 @@ impl<'a> FlowLayouter<'a> {
             size.h = self.full.h;
         }
 
-        let mut output = Frame::new(size, size.h);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(size);
         let mut before = Length::zero();
         let mut ruler = Align::Top;
         let mut first = true;
diff --git a/src/library/grid.rs b/src/library/grid.rs
index b48856eb..09bb3b3b 100644
--- a/src/library/grid.rs
+++ b/src/library/grid.rs
@@ -99,11 +99,11 @@ struct GridLayouter<'a> {
     cols: Vec<TrackSizing>,
     /// The row tracks including gutter tracks.
     rows: Vec<TrackSizing>,
-    /// The regions to layout into.
+    /// The regions to layout children into.
     regions: Regions,
     /// Resolved column sizes.
     rcols: Vec<Length>,
-    /// The full block size of the current region.
+    /// The full height of the current region.
     full: Length,
     /// The used-up size of the current region. The horizontal size is
     /// determined once after columns are resolved and not touched again.
@@ -353,6 +353,12 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
     /// Layout the grid row-by-row.
     fn layout(mut self, ctx: &mut LayoutContext) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
         for y in 0 .. self.rows.len() {
+            // Skip to next region if current one is full, but only for content
+            // rows, not for gutter rows.
+            if y % 2 == 0 && self.regions.is_full() {
+                self.finish_region(ctx);
+            }
+
             match self.rows[y] {
                 TrackSizing::Auto => self.layout_auto_row(ctx, y),
                 TrackSizing::Linear(v) => self.layout_linear_row(ctx, v, y),
@@ -368,8 +374,8 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         self.finished
     }
 
-    /// Layout a row with automatic size along the block axis. Such a row may
-    /// break across multiple regions.
+    /// Layout a row with automatic height. Such a row may break across multiple
+    /// regions.
     fn layout_auto_row(&mut self, ctx: &mut LayoutContext, y: usize) {
         let mut resolved: Vec<Length> = vec![];
 
@@ -388,10 +394,14 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
                 let mut sizes =
                     node.layout(ctx, &pod).into_iter().map(|frame| frame.item.size.h);
 
+                // For each region, we want to know the maximum height any
+                // column requires.
                 for (target, size) in resolved.iter_mut().zip(&mut sizes) {
                     target.set_max(size);
                 }
 
+                // New heights are maximal by virtue of being new. Note that
+                // this extend only uses the rest of the sizes iterator.
                 resolved.extend(sizes);
             }
         }
@@ -431,16 +441,16 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Layout a row with linear sizing along the block axis. Such a row cannot
-    /// break across multiple regions, but it may force a region break.
+    /// Layout a row with linear height. Such a row cannot break across multiple
+    /// regions, but it may force a region break.
     fn layout_linear_row(&mut self, ctx: &mut LayoutContext, v: Linear, y: usize) {
         let resolved = v.resolve(self.regions.base.h);
         let frame = self.layout_single_row(ctx, resolved, y);
 
         // Skip to fitting region.
-        let length = frame.size.h;
-        while !self.regions.current.h.fits(length) && !self.regions.in_full_last() {
-            self.cts.max.y = Some(self.used.h + length);
+        let height = frame.size.h;
+        while !self.regions.current.h.fits(height) && !self.regions.in_last() {
+            self.cts.max.y = Some(self.used.h + height);
             self.finish_region(ctx);
 
             // Don't skip multiple regions for gutter and don't push a row.
@@ -452,14 +462,14 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         self.push_row(frame);
     }
 
-    /// Layout a row with a fixed size along the block axis and return its frame.
+    /// Layout a row with fixed height and return its frame.
     fn layout_single_row(
         &self,
         ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
         height: Length,
         y: usize,
     ) -> Frame {
-        let mut output = Frame::new(Size::new(self.used.w, height), height);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(Size::new(self.used.w, height));
         let mut pos = Point::zero();
 
         for (x, &rcol) in self.rcols.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -496,7 +506,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         // Prepare frames.
         let mut outputs: Vec<_> = heights
             .iter()
-            .map(|&h| Frame::new(Size::new(self.used.w, h), h))
+            .map(|&h| Frame::new(Size::new(self.used.w, h)))
             .collect();
 
         // Prepare regions.
@@ -553,7 +563,7 @@ impl<'a> GridLayouter<'a> {
         }
 
         // The frame for the region.
-        let mut output = Frame::new(size, size.h);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(size);
         let mut pos = Point::zero();
 
         // Place finished rows and layout fractional rows.
diff --git a/src/library/image.rs b/src/library/image.rs
index a421af60..185d033a 100644
--- a/src/library/image.rs
+++ b/src/library/image.rs
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ impl Layout for ImageNode {
         let &Regions { current, expand, .. } = regions;
 
         let img = ctx.images.get(self.id);
-        let pixel_w = img.width() as f64;
-        let pixel_h = img.height() as f64;
+        let pxw = img.width() as f64;
+        let pxh = img.height() as f64;
 
-        let region_ratio = current.w / current.h;
-        let pixel_ratio = pixel_w / pixel_h;
-        let wide = region_ratio < pixel_ratio;
+        let pixel_ratio = pxw / pxh;
+        let current_ratio = current.w / current.h;
+        let wide = pixel_ratio > current_ratio;
 
         // The space into which the image will be placed according to its fit.
         let canvas = if expand.x && expand.y {
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ impl Layout for ImageNode {
         } else if current.h.is_finite() {
             Size::new(current.w.min(current.h * pixel_ratio), current.h)
         } else {
-            Size::new(Length::pt(pixel_w), Length::pt(pixel_h))
+            Size::new(Length::pt(pxw), Length::pt(pxh))
         };
 
         // The actual size of the fitted image.
@@ -73,26 +73,19 @@ impl Layout for ImageNode {
             ImageFit::Stretch => canvas,
         };
 
-        // Position the image so that it is centered in the canvas.
-        let mut frame = Frame::new(canvas, canvas.h);
-        frame.push(
-            (canvas - size).to_point() / 2.0,
-            Element::Image(self.id, size),
-        );
+        // First, place the image in a frame of exactly its size and then resize
+        // the frame to the canvas size, center aligning the image in the
+        // process.
+        let mut frame = Frame::new(size);
+        frame.push(Point::zero(), Element::Image(self.id, size));
+        frame.resize(canvas, Spec::new(Align::Center, Align::Horizon));
 
-        // Create a clipping group if the image mode is `cover`.
+        // Create a clipping group if the fit mode is "cover".
         if self.fit == ImageFit::Cover {
-            let mut wrapper = Frame::new(canvas, canvas.h);
-            wrapper.push(
-                Point::zero(),
-                Element::Group(Group::new(Rc::new(frame)).clips(true)),
-            );
-            frame = wrapper;
+            frame.clip();
         }
 
-        let mut cts = Constraints::new(regions.expand);
-        cts.exact = regions.current.to_spec().map(Some);
-        vec![frame.constrain(cts)]
+        vec![frame.constrain(Constraints::tight(regions))]
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/library/par.rs b/src/library/par.rs
index 7f3f1088..e09e4ad2 100644
--- a/src/library/par.rs
+++ b/src/library/par.rs
@@ -241,12 +241,17 @@ impl<'a> ParLayouter<'a> {
                     starts.push((range.start, deco));
                 }
                 ParChild::Undecorate => {
-                    let (start, deco) = starts.pop().unwrap();
-                    decos.push((start .. range.end, deco));
+                    if let Some((start, deco)) = starts.pop() {
+                        decos.push((start .. range.end, deco));
+                    }
                 }
             }
         }
 
+        for (start, deco) in starts {
+            decos.push((start .. bidi.text.len(), deco));
+        }
+
         Self {
             align: par.align,
             leading: par.leading,
@@ -307,7 +312,7 @@ impl<'a> ParLayouter<'a> {
 
             // If the line does not fit vertically, we start a new region.
             while !stack.regions.current.h.fits(line.size.h) {
-                if stack.regions.in_full_last() {
+                if stack.regions.in_last() {
                     stack.overflowing = true;
                     break;
                 }
@@ -487,8 +492,9 @@ impl<'a> LineLayout<'a> {
         let size = Size::new(self.size.w.max(width), self.size.h);
         let remaining = size.w - self.size.w;
 
-        let mut output = Frame::new(size, self.baseline);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(size);
         let mut offset = Length::zero();
+        output.baseline = self.baseline;
 
         for (range, item) in self.reordered() {
             let mut position = |mut frame: Frame| {
@@ -621,7 +627,7 @@ impl<'a> LineStack<'a> {
             self.cts.exact = self.full.to_spec().map(Some);
         }
 
-        let mut output = Frame::new(self.size, self.size.h);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(self.size);
         let mut offset = Length::zero();
         let mut first = true;
 
diff --git a/src/library/shape.rs b/src/library/shape.rs
index 5d3504d0..36e25b3c 100644
--- a/src/library/shape.rs
+++ b/src/library/shape.rs
@@ -165,12 +165,16 @@ impl Layout for ShapeNode {
                 if regions.expand.y { regions.current.h } else { default },
             );
 
+            // Don't overflow the region.
+            size.w = size.w.min(regions.current.w);
+            size.h = size.h.min(regions.current.h);
+
             if matches!(self.kind, ShapeKind::Square | ShapeKind::Circle) {
                 size.w = size.w.min(size.h);
                 size.h = size.w;
             }
 
-            Frame::new(size, size.h)
+            Frame::new(size)
         };
 
         // Add fill and/or stroke.
@@ -197,9 +201,6 @@ impl Layout for ShapeNode {
         );
 
         // Return tight constraints for now.
-        let mut cts = Constraints::new(regions.expand);
-        cts.exact = regions.current.to_spec().map(Some);
-        cts.base = regions.base.to_spec().map(Some);
-        vec![frame.constrain(cts)]
+        vec![frame.constrain(Constraints::tight(regions))]
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/library/sized.rs b/src/library/sized.rs
index 3e27ff2f..df150143 100644
--- a/src/library/sized.rs
+++ b/src/library/sized.rs
@@ -35,10 +35,6 @@ impl Layout for SizedNode {
         ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
         regions: &Regions,
     ) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
-        // Resolve width and height relative to the region's base.
-        let width = self.sizing.x.map(|w| w.resolve(regions.base.w));
-        let height = self.sizing.y.map(|h| h.resolve(regions.base.h));
-
         // Generate constraints.
         let mut cts = Constraints::new(regions.expand);
         cts.set_base_if_linear(regions.base, self.sizing);
@@ -56,6 +52,10 @@ impl Layout for SizedNode {
             cts.base.y = Some(regions.base.h);
         }
 
+        // Resolve width and height relative to the region's base.
+        let width = self.sizing.x.map(|w| w.resolve(regions.base.w));
+        let height = self.sizing.y.map(|h| h.resolve(regions.base.h));
+
         // The "pod" is the region into which the child will be layouted.
         let pod = {
             let size = Size::new(
diff --git a/src/library/spacing.rs b/src/library/spacing.rs
index 26f1bee1..59911dc7 100644
--- a/src/library/spacing.rs
+++ b/src/library/spacing.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ use super::prelude::*;
 /// `h`: Horizontal spacing.
 pub fn h(_: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut Args) -> TypResult<Value> {
     let mut template = Template::new();
-    template.spacing(GenAxis::Inline, args.expect("spacing")?);
+    template.spacing(SpecAxis::Horizontal, args.expect("spacing")?);
     Ok(Value::Template(template))
 }
 
 /// `v`: Vertical spacing.
 pub fn v(_: &mut EvalContext, args: &mut Args) -> TypResult<Value> {
     let mut template = Template::new();
-    template.spacing(GenAxis::Block, args.expect("spacing")?);
+    template.spacing(SpecAxis::Vertical, args.expect("spacing")?);
     Ok(Value::Template(template))
 }
 
diff --git a/src/library/stack.rs b/src/library/stack.rs
index d0d5225e..a6878bd6 100644
--- a/src/library/stack.rs
+++ b/src/library/stack.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl Layout for StackNode {
         ctx: &mut LayoutContext,
         regions: &Regions,
     ) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
-        StackLayouter::new(self, regions.clone()).layout(ctx)
+        StackLayouter::new(self, regions).layout(ctx)
     }
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ struct StackLayouter<'a> {
     axis: SpecAxis,
     /// Whether the stack should expand to fill the region.
     expand: Spec<bool>,
-    /// The region to layout into.
+    /// The regions to layout children into.
     regions: Regions,
     /// The full size of `regions.current` that was available before we started
     /// subtracting.
@@ -123,17 +123,21 @@ enum StackItem {
 
 impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
     /// Create a new stack layouter.
-    fn new(stack: &'a StackNode, mut regions: Regions) -> Self {
-        // Disable expansion along the block axis for children.
+    fn new(stack: &'a StackNode, regions: &Regions) -> Self {
         let axis = stack.dir.axis();
         let expand = regions.expand;
+        let full = regions.current;
+
+
+        // Disable expansion along the block axis for children.
+        let mut regions = regions.clone();
         regions.expand.set(axis, false);
 
         Self {
             stack,
             axis,
             expand,
-            full: regions.current,
+            full,
             regions,
             used: Gen::zero(),
             fr: Fractional::zero(),
@@ -145,6 +149,10 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
     /// Layout all children.
     fn layout(mut self, ctx: &mut LayoutContext) -> Vec<Constrained<Rc<Frame>>> {
         for child in &self.stack.children {
+            if self.regions.is_full() {
+                self.finish_region();
+            }
+
             match *child {
                 StackChild::Spacing(Spacing::Linear(v)) => {
                     self.layout_absolute(v);
@@ -167,10 +175,10 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
     fn layout_absolute(&mut self, amount: Linear) {
         // Resolve the linear, limiting it to the remaining available space.
         let remaining = self.regions.current.get_mut(self.axis);
-        let resolved = amount.resolve(self.full.get(self.axis));
+        let resolved = amount.resolve(self.regions.base.get(self.axis));
         let limited = resolved.min(*remaining);
         *remaining -= limited;
-        self.used.block += limited;
+        self.used.main += limited;
         self.items.push(StackItem::Absolute(resolved));
     }
 
@@ -187,9 +195,9 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
         for (i, frame) in frames.into_iter().enumerate() {
             // Grow our size, shrink the region and save the frame for later.
             let size = frame.item.size.to_gen(self.axis);
-            self.used.block += size.block;
-            self.used.inline.set_max(size.inline);
-            *self.regions.current.get_mut(self.axis) -= size.block;
+            self.used.main += size.main;
+            self.used.cross.set_max(size.cross);
+            *self.regions.current.get_mut(self.axis) -= size.main;
             self.items.push(StackItem::Frame(frame.item, align));
 
             if i + 1 < len {
@@ -210,13 +218,13 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
 
         // Expand fully if there are fr spacings.
         let full = self.full.get(self.axis);
-        let remaining = full - self.used.block;
+        let remaining = full - self.used.main;
         if self.fr.get() > 0.0 && full.is_finite() {
-            self.used.block = full;
+            self.used.main = full;
             size.set(self.axis, full);
         }
 
-        let mut output = Frame::new(size, size.h);
+        let mut output = Frame::new(size);
         let mut before = Length::zero();
         let mut ruler: Align = self.stack.dir.start().into();
 
@@ -239,11 +247,11 @@ impl<'a> StackLayouter<'a> {
                     // Align along the block axis.
                     let parent = size.get(self.axis);
                     let child = frame.size.get(self.axis);
-                    let block = ruler.resolve(parent - self.used.block)
+                    let block = ruler.resolve(parent - self.used.main)
                         + if self.stack.dir.is_positive() {
                             before
                         } else {
-                            self.used.block - child - before
+                            self.used.main - child - before
                         };
 
                     let pos = Gen::new(Length::zero(), block).to_point(self.axis);
diff --git a/src/library/text.rs b/src/library/text.rs
index f1cd2b4d..aac99e8a 100644
--- a/src/library/text.rs
+++ b/src/library/text.rs
@@ -305,8 +305,9 @@ pub struct ShapedGlyph {
 impl<'a> ShapedText<'a> {
     /// Build the shaped text's frame.
     pub fn build(&self) -> Frame {
-        let mut frame = Frame::new(self.size, self.baseline);
+        let mut frame = Frame::new(self.size);
         let mut offset = Length::zero();
+        frame.baseline = self.baseline;
 
         for (face_id, group) in self.glyphs.as_ref().group_by_key(|g| g.face_id) {
             let pos = Point::new(offset, self.baseline);
diff --git a/src/library/transform.rs b/src/library/transform.rs
index 75df8067..207a8098 100644
--- a/src/library/transform.rs
+++ b/src/library/transform.rs
@@ -62,13 +62,7 @@ impl Layout for TransformNode {
             let transform = Transform::translation(x, y)
                 .pre_concat(self.transform)
                 .pre_concat(Transform::translation(-x, -y));
-
-            let mut wrapper = Frame::new(frame.size, frame.baseline);
-            wrapper.push(
-                Point::zero(),
-                Element::Group(Group::new(std::mem::take(frame)).transform(transform)),
-            );
-            *frame = Rc::new(wrapper);
+            Rc::make_mut(frame).transform(transform);
         }
 
         frames
diff --git a/tests/typ/code/let.typ b/tests/typ/code/let.typ
index cd7531b7..7fd6e0da 100644
--- a/tests/typ/code/let.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/code/let.typ
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 // Syntax sugar for function definitions.
 #let fill = conifer
-#let rect(body) = rect(width: 2cm, fill: fill, pad(5pt, body))
+#let rect(body) = rect(width: 2cm, fill: fill, padding: 5pt, body)
 #rect[Hi!]
 
 ---
diff --git a/tests/typ/code/target.typ b/tests/typ/code/target.typ
index 12a5ff8b..73516817 100644
--- a/tests/typ/code/target.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/code/target.typ
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@
 #let d = 3
 #let value = [hi]
 #let item(a, b) = a + b
-#let fn(body) = rect(fill: conifer, pad(5pt, body))
+#let fn = rect with (fill: conifer, padding: 5pt)
 
 Some _includable_ text.
diff --git a/tests/typ/elements/circle.typ b/tests/typ/elements/circle.typ
index 2e97e985..ad9d3a4e 100644
--- a/tests/typ/elements/circle.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/elements/circle.typ
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Auto-sized circle. \
 Center-aligned rect in auto-sized circle.
 #circle(fill: forest, stroke: conifer,
   align(center + horizon,
-    rect(fill: conifer, pad(5pt)[But, soft!])
+    rect(fill: conifer, padding: 5pt)[But, soft!]
   )
 )
 
diff --git a/tests/typ/elements/rect.typ b/tests/typ/elements/rect.typ
index bb666fb2..b3d4d286 100644
--- a/tests/typ/elements/rect.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/elements/rect.typ
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 ))
 
 // Fixed width, text height.
-#rect(width: 2cm, fill: rgb("9650d6"), pad(5pt)[Fixed and padded])
+#rect(width: 2cm, fill: rgb("9650d6"), padding: 5pt)[Fixed and padded]
 
 // Page width, fixed height.
 #rect(height: 1cm, width: 100%, fill: rgb("734ced"))[Topleft]
diff --git a/tests/typ/layout/grid-1.typ b/tests/typ/layout/grid-1.typ
index 2d13452b..647e366f 100644
--- a/tests/typ/layout/grid-1.typ
+++ b/tests/typ/layout/grid-1.typ
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
   cell(100%,  rgb("00ff00")),
 )
 
-#grid()
-
 ---
 #grid(
   columns: (auto, auto, 40%),