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types: |
To style your document, you need to work with values of different kinds: Lengths
specifying the size of your elements, colors for your text and shapes, and more.
Typst categorizes these into clearly defined _types_ and tells you where it
expects which type of value.
Apart from very basic types for numeric values and typical types known from
programming languages, Typst provides a special type for _content._ A value of
this type can hold anything that you can enter into your document: Text,
elements like headings and shapes, and style information.
In some places of Typst more specialized data types are used. Instead of listing
all of them here, they are explained where they are relevant.
text: |
Text styling.
The [text function]($func/text) is of particular interest.
math: |
Typst has special [syntax]($syntax/#math) and library functions
to typeset mathematical formulas. Math formulas can be displayed inline with
text or as separate blocks. They will be typeset into their own block if they
start and end with at least one space (e.g. `[$ x^2 $]`).
In math, single letters are always displayed as is. Multiple letters, however,
are interpreted as variables and functions. To display multiple letters
verbatim, you can place them into quotes and to access single letter
variables, you can use the
[hashtag syntax]($scripting/#expressions).
```example
$ A = pi r^2 $
$ "area" = pi dot.op "radius"^2 $
$ cal(A) :=
{ x in RR | x "is natural" } $
```
Math mode makes a wide selection of [symbols]($category/symbols/sym) like
`pi`, `dot.op`, or `RR` available. Many mathematical symbols are available in
different variants. You can select between different variants by applying
[modifiers]($type/symbol) to the symbol. Typst further recognizes a number of
shorthand sequences like `=>` that approximate a symbol. When such a shorthand
exists, the symbol's documentation lists it.
```example
$ x < y => x gt.eq.not y $
```
Formulas can also contain line breaks. Each line can contain one or multiple
_alignment points_ (`&`) which are then aligned.
```example
$ sum_(k=0)^n k
&= 1 + ... + n \
&= (n(n+1)) / 2 $
```
Math mode supports special function calls without the hashtag prefix. In these
"math calls", the argument list works a little differently than in code:
- Within them, Typst is still in "math mode". Thus, you can write math directly
into them, but need to use hashtag syntax to pass code expressions (except
for strings, which are available in the math syntax).
- They support positional and named arguments, but don't support
trailing content blocks and argument spreading.
- They provide additional syntax for 2-dimensional argument lists. The
semicolon (`;`) merges preceding arguments separated by commas into an array
argument.
```example
$ frac(a^2, 2) $
$ vec(1, 2, delim: "[") $
$ mat(1, 2; 3, 4) $
$ lim_x =
op("lim", limits: #true)_x $
```
To write a verbatim comma or semicolon in a math call, escape it with a
backslash. The colon on the other hand is only recognized in a special way if
directly preceded by an identifier, so to display it verbatim in those cases,
you can just insert a space before it.
Functions calls preceded by a hashtag are normal code function calls and not
affected by these rules.
layout: |
Arranging elements on the page in different ways.
By combining layout functions, you can create complex and automatic layouts.
visualize: |
Drawing and data visualization.
_Note:_ Functions for plotting and diagrams are not yet available. They will
be in the future.
meta: |
Document structuring and metadata setup.
Here, you can find functions to structure your document and configure its
metadata.
symbols: |
These two modules give names to symbols and emoji to make them easy to insert
with a normal keyboard. Alternatively, you can also always directly enter
Unicode symbols into your text and formulas. In addition to the symbols listed
below, math mode defines `dif` and `Dif`. These are not normal symbol values
because they also affect spacing and font style.
sym: |
Named general symbols.
For example, `#sym.arrow` produces the → symbol. Within
[formulas]($category/math), these symbols can be used without the `#sym.`
prefix.
emoji: |
Named emoji.
For example, `#emoji.face` produces the 😀 emoji. If you frequently use
certain emojis, you can also import them from the `emoji` module (`[#import
emoji: face]`) to use them without the `#emoji.` prefix.
foundations: |
Foundational functions for computation.
calculate: |
Calculations and processing of numeric values.
These functions are part of the `calc` module and not imported by default. In
addition to the functions listed below, the `calc` module also defines the
constants `pi`, `e`, `inf`, and `nan`.
construct: |
Construction of and conversions between values of different types.
data-loading: |
Data loading from external files.
These functions help you with embedding data from experiments and APIs in your
documents.
utility: |
Useful utility functions.
|
